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The Impact of Black Sea Sand Treatment Effectively Reducing Different Type of Pain

Open Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation 2024年第1期12卷 18-27页

作者： mahmut Tokaç Abdulbari Bener Fatma Nur Kesiktaş Bahar Dernek Semra Alkal Akkaya ze.nep Esra Akgün Department of Medicine and Education Unit School of Medicine Istanbul Medipol University Istanbul Türkiye Department of Biostatistics & Medical Informatics School of Medicine Istanbul Medipol University Istanbul Türkiye Department of Evidence for Population Health Unit School of Epidemiology and Health Sciences The University of Manchester Manchester UK Faculty of Medicine Health Sciences University Istanbul Physiotherapy Rehabilitation Training and Research Hospital Istanbul Türkiye Faculty of Medicine Health Sciences University Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Umraniye Training and Research Hospital Istanbul Türkiye Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Vatan Clinics School of Medicine Istanbul Medipol University Istanbul Türkiye

Purpose: Low back pain (LBP), Gonarthrosis, knee, and Carpal Tunnel Syndrome have been regarded as affecting more than three-quarters’ of individuals in their lifetime. The aim of this study was conducted to determine and compare the effects of topical patients with sand compared with control related to Gonarthrosis, LBP, knee, and Carpal Tunnel Syndrome pain. Methods: This is a prospective case and control designed study based on 101 pain case with Sand and 101 control subjects. The interventional groups in addition either topical sand or without sand 2 months after the intervention were assessed. We assessed tolerability of an established pain perception scale by the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). Categorical variables were compared using the chi-square (χ2) test. The paired t-test was used to compare the two groups before and after the intervention. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed for comparison of several group means. Results: The study was based on 202 patients, 41 males (20.3%) and 161 females (79.7%). There were statistically significant differences between subjects with and without Sand in term of Gonarthrosis, Rheumatoid Arthritis LBP, knee, and Carpal Tunnel Syndrome pain (p = 0.033). Majority of patients were over age 55 years old (55%) and females 78 (77.2%). The mean score of total pain experience before and after the intervention was 7.41 ± 1.1 for black sand, and 4.24 ± 2.38 for without sand as control group. The mean scores of these 5 groups were highly significant before and after the intervention (p There was statistically highly significant in regarding subjects with Sand as compared with those before Sand after treatment mean score specifically with gonarthrosis before pain 7.23 ± 1.86 vs after treatment 4.54 ± 2.18 p < 0.001;rheumatoid arthritis before 8.28 ± 1.48 vs after treatment 4.80 ± 3.71 p < 0.001;Low Back Pain before 8.42 ± 1.83 vs after treatment 4.37 ± 1.52 p < 0.001;knee pain before 8.93 ± 0.89 vs after treat

关键词： Therapies Sand LBP Musculoskeletal Rheumatoid Arthritis Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

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Correlating common breakage modes with impact breakage and ball milling of cement clinker and chromite

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2020年第6期30卷 901-908页

作者： mahmut Camalan Mining Engineering Department Middle East Technical UniversityAnkara 06800Turkey

Understanding the mechanisms of the breakage of ore particles is important to predict the particle size.distribution in size.reduction *** paper aims to show the presence of common breakage modes in impact breakage and ball milling of the cement clinker and chromite *** that purpose,narrow size.fractions of the two samples were broken in a drop-weight tester or ball mill by changing the degree of applied *** the resultant size.distributions were evaluated to seek evidence for the common breakage *** results showed that increasing the breakage energy will produce a systematic change in the shapes of the size.distributions,suggesting a sequential set of breakage *** breakage is initially due to tensile stresses at low breakage energies and compressive stresses at high breakage *** studies should be done to assess if these breakage modes occur at size.eduction of different ores.

关键词： Progeny distribution Impact breakage Ball mill Self-similarity Breakage modes Cone of fines

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Prediction of Excess Air Factor in Automatic Feed Coal Burners by Processing of Flame Images

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2017年第3期30卷 722-731页

作者： Muhammed Fatih TALU Cem ONAT mahmut DASKIN computer engineering department inonu university44280 MalatyaTurkey mechanical engineering department inonu university44280 MalatyaTurkey

In this study, the relationship between the visual information gathered from the flame images and the excess air factor 2 in coal burners is investigated. In conventional coal burners the excess air factor 2. can be obtained using very expensive air measurement instruments. The proposed method to predict ） for a specific time in the coal burners consists of three distinct and consecutive stages; a） online flame images acquisition using a CCD camera, b） extrac- tion meaningful information （flame intensity and bright- ness）from flame images, and c） learning these information （image features） with ANNs and estimate 2. Six different feature extraction methods have been used： CDF of Blue Channel, Co-Occurrence Matrix, L-Frobenius Norms, Radiant Energy Signal （RES）, PCA and Wavelet. When compared prediction results, it has seen that the use of co- occurrence matrix with ANNs has the best performance （RMSE = 0.07） in terms of accuracy. The results show that the proposed predicting system using flame images can be preferred instead of using expensive devices to measure excess air factor in during combustion.

关键词： Excess air factor Flame images Coal burner

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Enhancement of pacemaker induced stochastic resonance by an autapse in a scale-free neuronal network

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2016年第3期59卷 364-370页

作者： YILMAZ Ergin BAYSAL Veli PERC Matjaz Oze. mahmut epartment of Biomedical Engineering Engineering Faculty bülent Ecevit University Zonguldak 67100 Turkey Department of Physics Faculty of Sciences King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21431 Saudi Arabia Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics University of Maribor Korogka cesta 160 Maribor SI-2000 Slovenia Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Engineering Faculty bülent Ecevit University Zonguldak 67100 Tarkey

An autapse is an unusual synapse that occurs between the axon and the soma of the same neuron. Mathematically, it can be described as a self-delayed feedback loop that is defined by a specific time-delay and the so-called autaptic coupling strength. Recently, the role and function of autapses within the nervous system has been studied extensively. Here, we extend the scope of theoretical research by investigating the effects of an autapse on the transmission of a weak localize. pacemaker activity in a scale-free neuronal network. Our results reveal that by mediating the spiking activity of the pacemaker neuron, an autapse increases the propagation of its rhythm across the whole network, if only the autaptic time delay and the autaptic coupling strength are properly adjusted. We show that the autapse-induced enhancement of the transmission of pacemaker activity occurs only when the autaptic time delay is close to an integer multiple of the intrinsic oscillation time of the neurons that form the network. In particular, we demonstrate the emergence of multiple resonances involving the weak signal, the intrinsic oscillations, and the time scale that is dictated by the autapse. Interestingly, we also show that the enhancement of the pacemaker rhythm across the network is the strongest if the degree of the pacemaker neuron is lowest. This is because the dissipation of the localize. rhythm is contained to the few directly linked neurons, and only afterwards, through the secondary neurons, it propagates further. If the pacemaker neuron has a high degree, then its rhythm is simply too weak to excite all the neighboring neurons, and propagation therefore fails.

关键词： autapse self-delayed feedback neuron channel noise scale-free network

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Effects of fractional-order PI controller on delay margin in single-area delayed load frequency control systems

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2019年第2期7卷 380-389页

作者： Vedat CELIK mahmut Temel OZDEMIR Kwang Y.LEE Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Faculty of EngineeringFirat UniversityElazigTurkey Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Baylor UniversityWacoUSA

This study aims to determine the improvement effect on the delay margin if fractional-order proportional integral(PI) controller is used in the control of a singlearea delayed load frequency control(LFC) system. The delay margin of the system with fractional-order PI control has been obtained for various fractional integral orders and the effect of them has been shown on the delay margin as a third controller parameter. Furthermore,the stability of the system that is either under or over the delay margin is examined by generalize. modified Mikhailov *** stability results obtained have been confirmed numerically in time domain. It is demonstrated that the proposed controller for delayed LFC system provides more flexibility on delay margin according to integer-order PI controller.

关键词： Delay dependent stability Delay margin Fractional-order proportional integral(PI) Generalize. modified Mikhailov criterion Load frequency control with delay

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Reciprocating sliding wear properties of sintered Al-B_(4)C composites

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2022年第6期29卷 1261-1269页

作者： mahmut Can Şenel Yusuf Kanca Mevlüt Gürbüz Mechanical Engineering Department Ondokuz Mayıs UniversitySamsun 55169Turkey Mechanical Engineering Department Hitit UniversityÇorum 19169Turkey

The fabrication of boron carbide reinforced aluminum matrix composites(Al-B_(4)C)with various contents of B_(4)C(1wt%,6wt%,15wt%,and 30wt%)was performed by powder metallurgy,and the influence of the content of B_(4)C on their mechanical and tribological behavior was *** Al-30B_(4)C composites recorded the highest density(~2.54 g/cm^(3)),lowest porosity(4%),maximum Vickers hardness(HV~75),lowest weight loss(0.4 mg),and lowest specific wear rate(0.00042 mm^(3)/(N·m))under a load of 7 N,with an enhancement of 167%in hardness,a decrease of 75.8%in weight loss,and a decrease of 76.7%in the specific wear rate compared with pure *** addition,the scanning electron microscope images of the worn surface revealed that the Al-B_(4)C composite has the narrowest wear groove of 0.85 mm at a load of 7 N,and the main wear mechanism was observed as an abrasive wear *** to the friction analysis,the coefficient of friction between surfaces increased with increasing boron carbide content and with decreasing applied *** conclusion,B_(4)C is an effective reinforcement material in terms of tribological and mechanical performance of the Al-B_(4)C composites.

关键词： aluminum boron carbide composite wear friction

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Microstructure, mechanical properties and formability of friction stir welded dissimilar materials of IF-steel and 6061 Al alloy

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2019年第6期26卷 722-731页

作者： Semih mahmut Aktarer Dursun Murat Sekban Tevfik Kucukomeroglu Gencaga Purcek Department of Automotive Technology Recep Tayyip Erdogan UniversityRize 53020Turkey Department of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering Karadeniz Technical UniversityTrabzon 61530Turkey Department of Mechanical Engineering Karadeniz Technical UniversityTrabzon 61080Turkey

AA 6061 alloy and interstitial-free(IF)steel plates were joined by the friction stir welding(FSW)method,and the microstructure,mechanical properties,and biaxial stretch formability of the friction stir welded(FSWed)parts were *** results indicate that the FSWed parts showed optimum tensile strength during FSW with the 0.4-mm offset position of the *** Fe4Al13 intermetallic compound formed in the defect-free intersection of AA 6061 and IF-steel plates during *** hardness of the IF-steel part of the FSWed region increased almost 90%relative to its initial hardness of HV0.2 *** tensile and yield strengths of FSWed regions were approximately 170 MPa and 145 MPa,*** to the formability tests,the Erichsen Index(EI)of the IF-steel,AA 6061,and the FSWed samples were determined to be 2.9 mm,1.9 mm,and 2.1 mm,*** EI of the FSWed sample was almost the same as that of the AA 6061 ***,it decreased compared with that of the *** force at EI(FEI)was approximately 1180 N for the FSWed *** value is approximately 70%higher than that of AA 6061 alloy.

关键词： friction stir welding IF-steel aluminum alloy microstructure mechanical properties formability

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Pollution and health risk assessment of heavy metals in waters around mine sites of Elazig(Eastern Turkey)

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Journal of Mountain Science 2023年第5期20卷 1293-1306页

作者： H.Alim BARAN mahmut Tahir NALBANTCILAR Nida KOKTAN Batman University Faculty of Engineering-ArchitectureGeological Engineering DepartmentBatman 72100Turkey Konya Technical University Geological Engineering DepartmentKonya 42250Turkey ETI Krom INC. Elazig 23400Turkey

Turkey’s Eastern Anatolia Region is the oldest known mineral mining area of Maden and *** production in the Alacakaya field constitutes 50% of the country’s exports,and copper mines in the Maden region account for approximately 12% of the country’s copper *** is a risk of water pollution due to significant mine waste which affects the Inci and Maden *** water needs of many settlements are met from these streams,which run through these two mine *** study investigated the water pollution in the rivers.25 water samples were collected during the dry and rainy periods,and the Al,Cr,Cu,Fe,Li,Mn,Ni,Pb,Sr and Zn contents of these samples were examined in terms of *** of element concentrations and creation of spatial distribution maps were performed using ArcGIS *** distribution maps,correlation and cluster analysis indicate that the source of heavy metals observed in waters is mine *** heavy metal content of the samples is higher in the dry period,the high concentration values are obtained from the mine sites,the decrease in the concentrations throughout the flow during the rainy period,are indicators of the effect of the mines on the water *** a result of the comparison from the analysis results of water samples with World Health Organization(WHO),Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)and European Commission(EC)standards,the element values of Al,Cr,Fe,Mn,Ni and Pb exceeded the permissible values for *** concentrations of these elements for dry period samples are:0-6.411 mg L^(-1),0.006-0.235 mg L^(-1),0-13.433 mg L^(-1),0-0.316 mg L^(-1),0-0.495 mg L^(-1),0-0.065mg L^(-1),and for rainy period samples are 0-1.698mg/L,0-0.2 mg L^(-1),0-9.033 mg L^(-1),0-0.173 mg L^(-1),0-0.373 mg L^(-1),0-0.034 mg L^(-1),*** the waters in the region are polluted by heavy metals,it has been determined that there is no noncarcinogenic hazard as a result of the calculation of the hazard i

关键词： Eastern Turkey GIS Mining Heavy metals Risk assessment Water pollution

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Fertility variation in endemic populations of Ehrami black pine (Pinus nigra Arnold. subsp. pallasiana var. pyramidata)

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Journal of Forestry Research 2017年第4期28卷 683-686页

作者： Nebi Bilir Yilmaz Catal Selin Tekocak mahmut Cercioglu Forestry Faculty Suleyman Demirel University32260 IspartaTurkey Golhisar Vocational School Mehmet Akif University15400 BurdurTurkey

Fertility variation and effective number of parents were estimated in the 100 individuals from each of three plantation populations (P1, P2 and P3) of the endangered Pinus nigra. subsp. pallasiana var. pyramidata established in the Isparta-Golcuk district in southern Turkey in 1990. Potential relations between cone yield and growth characters (height, diameter at breast height, diameter at base and crown diameter) were also investigated. Large differences were found among populations and within populations for cone production and growth characters. Mean cone production was eight (ranging from 6.5 in P2 to 9.1 in P1) for the three populations. The 10 most productive individuals for cones produced 32% of the total cones in P1, 39% in P2 and 34% in P3; 21, 16 and 6 individuals, respectively did not produce any cones in the populations. According to the correlation analyses, the relation between cone yield and growth characters changed for the populations, while height, diameter at breast height and crown diameter were positively significantly correlated (r = 0.182, 0.135 and 0.209; p ≤ 0.05) with cone production for the three populations. Fertility variation was 1.81 in total of three populations, ranging from 1.72 in P3 to 3.45 in P1). Effective number of parents was 142 (55.2 of number of parents censused; 29%, P1; 49.8%, P2; 58.3%, P3).

关键词： Breeding Cone Effective number of parents Growth Pinaceae Reproductive

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Low Band Gap Polymers Synthesize. by Electrochemical Polymerization for Electrochromic Devices

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2015年第10期33卷 1442-1452页

作者： Mamtimin mahmut Tunsagul Awut 司马义.努尔拉 College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials Xinjiang University

Two novel monomers, 10,13-bis（4-octyl-2-thienyl）-dibenzo[a,c]phenazine （OTBP） and 10,13-bis（4-octyl-2- thienyl）-dipyrido[3,2-a：2＇,3＇-c]phenazine （OTPP）, were synthesize.. Electrochemical polymerization of OTPP and OTBP were carried out in acetonitrile/dichloromethane （ACN/DCM） solvent mixture containing tetra-n- butylammoniumhexafluorophosphate （TBAPF6）, and electrochromic properties of POTPP and POTBP are described. Furthermore, the effects of structural difference on electronic properties of electron acceptor units, electrochemical and electrochromic properties of two resulting polymers were examined. The results showed that the OTBP was polymerize. at lower potential than OTPP, and this is because OTPP contains two more N atoms in electron acceptor unit and its electron withdrawing ability is stronger than that of OTBP. The UV-Vis-NIR spectra analysis revealed that the POTPP film has three absorption bands centered at 570 nm, 925 nm and 1581 nm, and the POTBP film has two absorptions at 566 nm and 1009 nm, respectively. The electrochromic properties indicated that the two polymer films exhibits reasonable optical contrasts and response time with low band gaps, defined as the onset of the absorption band at 570 nm for POTPP and the absorption band at 566 nm for POTBP, as 1.74 eV for POTPP and as 1.69 eV for POTBP.

关键词： Low band gap polymer Donor-acceptor polymer Electrochemical polymerization Electrochromic properties

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