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Physical and economic impacts of studded tyre use on pavement structures in cold climates

Transportation Safety and Environment 2021年第4期3卷 100-114页

作者： Osama A.Abaza mahmoud arafat Muhammad Saif Uddin Department of Civil Engineering University of Alaska Anchorage2900 Spirit DriveEIB 301 LAnchorageAlaska 99508USA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Florida International University10555 West Flagler StreetEC 3730MiamiFL 33174USA

In cold regions like Alaska of USA,Canada and the northern parts of Europe,using studded tyres is common among the public when driving in icy and snowy ***,studded tyres cause extensive wear to asphalt pavement,reducing pavement *** study addresses the physical and economic impacts of winter studded tyres on the roadway system to better inform decision makers as they develop alternative solutions and future *** approach is applied in a case study from a sample of Alaska statewide road *** were employed to examine the extent of the use of studded tyres and cost-effective alternatives.A pavement life-cycle cost review was established considering several variables to discover a realistic cost of roadway resurfacing and *** rates due to studded tyres and rut rates due to wheel loads were found for different highway *** results indicate higher average wear rates due to studded passenger vehicles on freeways than average rut rates due to heavy wheel *** results also indicate lower average wear rates on arterial and collector *** estimates show that studded tyre use reduced asphalt surface life by about 7 years on the selected freeway sample in the case study,which is about 47%loss in pavement life based on the initial design life of 15 *** road classes experienced lower reductions in service ***,cost analysis was provided to reflect the impact of studded tyres on the state’s *** were suggested,which in turn may help other cold regions develop strategies on the use of new winter tyre technology.

关键词： wear rate pavement rutting studded tyre winter tyre technology economic analysis

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《福乐智慧》阿鲁兹格律的来源及其影响

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民族文学研究 2024年第5期42卷 143-153页

作者：阿拉法特·艾山(维吾尔族) 北京外国语大学亚洲学院

《福乐智慧》是将阿鲁兹格律引进维吾尔文学的首创之作,其主体部分使用阿鲁兹格律的mutaqarib-i musamman-i mahzuf分支格律写成。作为维吾尔文学的经典作品,其格律体系深受波斯史诗《列王纪》的影响,开创了维吾尔语诗歌的阿鲁兹格律。... 详细信息

《福乐智慧》是将阿鲁兹格律引进维吾尔文学的首创之作,其主体部分使用阿鲁兹格律的mutaqarib-i musamman-i mahzuf分支格律写成。作为维吾尔文学的经典作品,其格律体系深受波斯史诗《列王纪》的影响,开创了维吾尔语诗歌的阿鲁兹格律。作者优素福·哈斯·哈吉甫在创作实践中对固有词的音节划分规则进行了精心的探索和运用,这些规则不仅丰富了维吾尔语诗歌的表现力,更为后世诗人所继承和发展。从阿鲁兹格律的运用可以看出,优素福哈斯·哈吉甫引进阿鲁兹格律理论可以概括为引进但不照搬,学习但不失本色。文章旨在通过分析《福乐智慧》中阿鲁兹格律的运用,探讨这一格律在维吾尔文学中的发展演变、对维吾尔文学的影响以及阿鲁兹格律的中国化问题。

关键词：《福乐智慧》阿鲁兹格律《列王纪》中国化

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Management Practices of Locally Advanced and Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma: A Questionnaire-Based Survey among Lebanese Oncologists

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Open Journal of Urology 2024年第2期14卷 138-149页

作者： Joseph Kattan Sally Temraz Fadi Nasr arafat Tfayli Christina Khater Anas Mugharbel Hady Ghanem Hampig Raphael Kourie Georges Hachem Sarah Masri Jamil Debs Ali Shamseddine Department of Hematology-Oncology H&#244tel-Dieu de France University Hospital Faculty of Medicine Saint-Joseph University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon Department of Internal Medicine Hematology-Oncology Division American University of Beirut Medical Center Beirut Lebanon Hematology-Oncology Division American University of Beirut Medical Center Beirut Lebanon Department of Hematology-Oncology Saint Charles Hospital Beirut Lebanon Department of Internal Medicine Makassed General Hospital Beirut Lebanon Hematology-Oncology Division Lebanese American University Medical Center - Rizk Hospital Beirut Lebanon Department of Hematology-Oncology Saint George Hospital University Medical Center Beirut Lebanon Pfizer Medical Affairs Beirut Lebanon

Background and Objective: The outcome of locally advanced and metastatic urothelial carcinoma LA/mUC has improved over the past years with a plethora of new treatments and the approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), antibody-drug conjugates, and targeted agents, to identify locally advanced metastatic urothelial carcinoma’s current management practices in Lebanon and the implication of the ongoing economic crisis on the medical practice. Methods: An online questionnaire was used to survey ten Lebanese oncologists from six different hospitals, between July 5 and July 11, 2022, requesting information pertaining to their current clinical practice in the pharmacological treatment of locally advanced metastatic urothelial carcinoma. Key Findings: Cisplatin-based chemotherapy was the most frequently reported initial treatment of locally advanced metastatic urothelial carcinoma. Participants reported using immune checkpoint inhibitors in platinum-ineligible patients and those with PDL1 positive tumors. Also, they would not consider the concomitant use of immunotherapy and chemotherapy in the first-line setting. Participants believed that avelumab maintenance is effective in the absence of progression after first-line platinum-based chemotherapy;they would consider initiating it 2 - 10 weeks after completion of chemotherapy. Conclusions and Clinical Implications: After comparing with current international guidelines, this study shows that Lebanese oncologists follow international guidelines and have deep knowledge of recent clinical trials for the management of locally advanced metastatic urothelial carcinoma, regardless of economic crisis challenges.

关键词： Clinical Practice Chemotherapy Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors PDL1 Urothelial Carcinoma

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Assessment of BRRI Whole Feed Combine Harvester (Model BRRI WCH2021) for Mechanized Rice Harvesting in Bangladesh

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第2期15卷 274-291页

作者： arafat Ullah Khan Akm Saiful Islam Md. Kamruzzaman Pintu Subrata Paul Md. Durrul Huda Md. Anwar Hossen Md. Monirul Islam Md. Moudud Ahmmed Farm Machinery and Postharvest Technology Division Bangladesh Rice Research Institute Gazipur Bangladesh Workshop Machinery & Maintenance Division Bangladesh Rice Research Institute Gazipur Bangladesh

Agricultural mechanization plays a pivotal role in the transition from subsistence to commercial agriculture, with a particular focus on labour-intensive activities like harvesting. This study assesses the operational characteristics of the BRRI Whole Feed Combine Harvester (Model BRRI WCH2021) at the field level. Developed under the SFMRA project, the harvester’s technical performance and loss assessment were conducted during the Boro 2022 and Aman 2022 seasons in farmer fields in Bangladesh’s Rangpur region. The field efficiency of the harvester was determined to be 62.5% and 57.9% in the Boro and Aman seasons, respectively. Fuel consumption rates were recorded at 2.77 l/ha and 2.31 l/ha for the Boro and Aman seasons. The total harvesting losses, encompassing cutter bar, shatter, cylinder, and separation loss, averaged 0.56% and 0.48% in the Boro and Aman seasons, respectively. Mechanized harvesting with the BRRI Whole Feed Combine Harvester significantly reduced paddy losses by 5.81% compared to manual methods. The field evaluation results indicate the combine harvester’s satisfactory performance, highlighting its potential to alleviate labour demands during peak harvesting. The development of the BRRI WCH offers a sustainable solution for rice harvesting mechanization among progressive farmers. It paves the way for the broader adoption of advanced agricultural technology in Bangladesh.

关键词： BRRI Whole Feed Combine Harvester Field Efficiency Fuel Consumption Harvesting Loss

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Structural and magnetic properties of BiFe_(1-x)Cr_xO_3 synthesized samples

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Chinese Physics B 2014年第6期23卷 398-400页

作者： S.S.arafat Department of Physics College of Science King Faisal University Department of Physics College of Science Fayoum University

Chromium doping effects on the structure and the magnetic properties of bismuth ferrite BiFe1-xCrxO3 （x = 0-0.3）（BFCxO） polycrystalline samples are examined. The Perovskite-type oxide samples are synthesized by the conventional solid state reaction at a high pressure of 7 GPa and a temperature of 1273 K. The X-ray powder diffraction patterns at room temperature show that all the samples with x = 0.0-0.3 are described by the rhombohedral structure. In the meantime, it is revealed that the doping of Cr can induce noticeable lattice distortions in the doping samples, and the largest distortion is observed in the case x = 0.1. The magnetic hysteresis loops measured at room temperature exhibit week ferromagnetic behaviors of the samples and the magnetization is found to increase with the increase in Cr concentration. The temperature- dependent magnetization curves indicate antiferromagnetic features in samples. Moreover, Cr-doping tends to reduce the ordering temperature.

关键词： X-ray diffraction magnetic properties

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Assessment of physicochemical properties of water and their seasonal variation in an urban river in Bangladesh

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Water Science and Engineering 2021年第2期14卷 139-148页

作者： arafat Rahman Ishrat Jahanara Yeasmin Nahar Jolly Department of Soil Water and EnvironmentUniversity of DhakaDhaka 1000Bangladesh Atmospheric and Environmental Chemistry Laboratory Chemistry DivisionAtomic Energy CentreDhaka 1000Bangladesh

To assess the magnitude of water quality decline in the Turag River of Bangladesh,this study examined the seasonal variation of physi-cochemical parameters of water,identified potential pollution sources,and clustered the monitoring months with similar *** samples were collected in four distinct seasons to evaluate temperature,pH,dissolved oxygen(DO)concentration,five-day biochemical oxygen demand(BOD 5),chemical oxygen demand(COD),electrical conductivity(EC),chloride ion(Cl^(-))concentration,total alkalinity(TA),turbidity,total dissolved solids(TDS)concentration,total suspended solids(TSS)concentration,and total hardness(TH)using standard *** analytical results revealed that 40%of water quality indices were within the permissible limits suggested by different agencies,with the exception of EC,Cl^(-)concentration,TA,turbidity,DO concentration,BOD 5,and COD in all *** analyses indicated that 52%of the contrasts were significantly different at a 95%confidence *** factor analysis presented the best fit among the parameters,with four factors explaining 94.29%of the total ***,BOD 5,COD,EC,turbidity,DO,and Cl?were mainly responsible for pollution loading and were caused by the significant amount of industrial discharge and toxicological *** cluster analysis showed the seasonal change in surface water quality,which is usually an indicator of pollution from rainfall or other ***,the values of different physico-chemical properties varied with seasons,and the highest values of pollutants were recorded in the *** the change in seasonal tem-perature and increase in rainfall,the seasonal Turag River water followed a self-refining trend as follows:rainy season>pre-winter>summer>winter.

关键词： Seasonal variation Physicochemical parameter Water quality Factor analysis Cluster analysis Turag River

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Z charmoniumlike mesons

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Chinese Physics C 2011年第7期35卷 695-702页

作者： arafat Gabareen Mokhtar Stephen Lars Olsen SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Stanford Seoul National University KOREA

A brief review of the experimental situation concerning the electrically charged charmoniumlike meson candidates, Z-, is presented.

关键词： quarkonium exotics multiquark state

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Elucidating the promotion mechanism of the ternary cooperative heterostructure toward industrial-level urea oxidation catalysis

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2023年第10期85卷 116-125,I0005页

作者： Xiujuan Xu Xiaotong Wei Liangliang Xu Minghua Huang arafat Toghan School of Materials Science and Engineering Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100ShandongChina Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology(KAIST)291 Daehak-RoYuseong-GuDaejeon 34141Republic of Korea Chemistry Department College of ScienceImam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University(IMSIU)Riyadh 11623Saudi Arabia Chemistry Department Faculty of ScienceSouth Valley UniversityQena 83523Egypt

From the perspective of electronic structure modulation,it is highly desirable to rationally design the active urea oxidation reaction(UOR)catalysts through interface *** binary cooperative heterostructure systems have been shown significant enhancement for catalyzing UOR,but their performance still remains unsatisfactory for industrialization because of the unfavorable intermediate adsorption/desorption and deficient electron transfer *** response,taking the ternary cooperative Ni_5P_(4)/NiSe_(2)/Ni_(3)Se_(4) heterostructure as the proof-of-concept paradigm,a catalytic model is rationally put forward to elucidate the UOR promotion mechanism at the molecular *** rod-like Ni_5P_(4)/NiSe_(2)/Ni_(3)Se_(4) nanoarrays with three-phase heterojunction are experimentally fabricated on Ni foam(named as Ni_5P_(4)/NiSe_(2)/Ni_(3)Se_(4)/NF)via simple two-step *** density functional theory calculations disclose that construction of Ni_5P_(4)/NiSe_(2)/Ni_(3)Se_(4) heterostructure model not only induce charge redistribution at the interfacial region for creating innumerable electron transfer channels,but also endow it with a moderate d-band center that could help to build a balance between adsorption and desorption of diverse UOR *** from the unique rod-like nanoarrays with large specific surface area and the optimized electronic structure,the well-designed Ni_5P_(4)/NiSe_(2)/Ni_(3)Se_(4)/NF could act as a robust catalyst for driving UOR at industrial-level current densities under tough environments,offering great potential for commercial applications.

关键词： Urea oxidation reaction Ternary cooperative heterostructure Electronic structure Interface engineering

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Crown ether interlayer-modulated polyamide membrane with nanoscale structures for efficient desalination

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Nano Research 2023年第5期16卷 6153-6159页

作者： Yanyu Zhao Xiangju Song Minghua Huang Heqing Jiang arafat Toghan School of Materials Science and Engineering Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Qingdao Key Laboratory of Functional Membrane Material and Membrane Technology Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266101China Chemistry Department College of ScienceImam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University(IMSIU)Riyadh 11623Saudi Arabia Chemistry Department Faculty of ScienceSouth Valley UniversityQena 83523Egypt

Nanoscale thin-film composite(TFC)polyamide membranes are highly desirable for desalination owing to their excellent separation *** is a permanent pursuit to further improve the water flux of membrane without deteriorating the salt ***,we fabricated a high-performance polyamide membrane with nanoscale structures through introducing multifunctional crown ether interlayer on the porous substrate impregnated with *** crown ether interlayer can reduce the diffusion of amine monomers to reaction interface influenced by its interaction with m-phenylenediamine and the spatial shielding effect,leading to a controlled interfacial polymerization(IP)***,crown ether with intrinsic cavity is also favorable to adjust the IP process and the microstructure of polyamide *** the outer surface of the nanocavity is lipophilic,crown ether has good solvency with the organic phase,thus attracting more trimesoyl chloride molecules to the interlayer and promoting the IP reaction in the confined *** a result,a nanoscale polyamide membrane with an ultrathin selective layer of around 50 nm is *** optimal TFC polyamide membrane at crown ether concentration of 0.25 wt.%exhibits a water flux of 61.2 L·m^(−2)·h^(−1),which is 364%of the pristine TFC membrane,while maintaining a rejection of above 97%to *** development of the tailor-made nanoscale polyamide membrane via constructing multifunctional crown ether interlayer provides a straightforward route to fabricate competitive membranes for highly efficient desalination.

关键词： polyamide membrane nanoscale structures crown ether interlayer confined polymerization reverse osmosis

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Roles of Weibo Marketing Strategy

Roles of Weibo Marketing Strategy

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作者： Mohammed arafat 山东大学

学位级别：硕士

社交媒体营销在每个部分都成为一个亟待解决的问题,并逐渐在任何公司的营销策略中发挥着至关重要的作用。但是如何将社交媒体应用于特定的营销,如何使用它来获得更好和最好的结果仍然是对一定数量的业务推动者的巨大调查。现在微博的营... 详细信息

社交媒体营销在每个部分都成为一个亟待解决的问题,并逐渐在任何公司的营销策略中发挥着至关重要的作用。但是如何将社交媒体应用于特定的营销,如何使用它来获得更好和最好的结果仍然是对一定数量的业务推动者的巨大调查。现在微博的营销策略也是一个热门话题。本研究旨在了解微博的现状,营销策略,如何说服消费者,为公司的发展做出贡献,同时使用微博营销策略的优势和挑战,提供最大化的技巧和解决方案。克服困难的好处。本研究将帮助参与中国市场的新公司利用微博平台发展业务。中国市场的新进入者,特别是希望推出成功的营销策略的公司,会发现它对他们有用。已经使用定性方法和诱导性来进行研究。这里使用案例研究方法,理论设计和经验证据也用于本研究。采取了两种访谈来获得这项实证研究的主要结果,共有95名受访者参与其中。一组人是消费者,另一组人使用微博营销策略来增加他们的公司。通过许多文章和网站,利用定性研究的方法获取理论部分的信息,同时采用少量定量方法收集所有关键数据辅助分析案例研究。由于这项研究的结果显示了微博营销策略的真实现状。新移民会发现这款微博如何吸引消费者,它对消费者购买行为有多大影响,同时研究表明,如果新手使用微博营销策略和提示克服困难,将会有什么好处和困难因此,它通过使用微博策略为新移民提供了清晰的描述,以保持业务的平稳增长。

关键词：社交媒体营销新浪微博定性方法消费者行为微博营销策略

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