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作者： ame Michael Aliyi 扬州大学

学位级别：硕士

微灌在世界范围内得到广泛应用,它可以有效节省灌溉用水量,并可以提高农产品产量和质量。但是微灌也有投资费用较高的缺点。微灌主要有滴灌、微喷灌和小管出流灌（涌泉灌）等类型。其中,小管出流灌在中国北方果树灌溉（如苹果）中应用... 详细信息

微灌在世界范围内得到广泛应用,它可以有效节省灌溉用水量,并可以提高农产品产量和质量。但是微灌也有投资费用较高的缺点。微灌主要有滴灌、微喷灌和小管出流灌（涌泉灌）等类型。其中,小管出流灌在中国北方果树灌溉（如苹果）中应用比较广泛,为保证小管出流均匀,大多安装稳流器,即通过稳流器将灌水小管与毛管连接起来;滴灌应用最为广泛,传统的孔口滴头已被压力补偿式滴头所代替,采用压力补偿式滴头可以获得很高的滴灌均匀度。滴灌管以使用方便著称,为提高灌水质量,滴灌管内镶的管上滴头也开始被压力补偿式管上滴头所替代。因此,不管是小管出流灌,还是滴灌,采用具有压力补偿式的灌水器（小管稳流器或压力补偿式滴头）均具有较好的前景。然而目前在微灌系统设计中,针对采用压力补偿式灌水器的毛管设计还缺乏科学合理的方法。干、支管由于有明确的设计流量,可以利用经济流速,确定合理的经济管径。但是对于毛管而言,由于毛管从首端到末端,其流量是变化的,其流速也是变化的,因此不能采用经济流速确定其合理管径。按目前的设计方法,采用压力补偿式灌水器时,一般是根据水力准则的相关规定确定毛管的管径,也就是只需满足毛管上各灌水器（小管或滴头）的工作压力都在允许的工作压力范围内,即工作压力不小于最小工作压力,且不大于最大工作压力。然而有些压力补偿式灌水器的允许工作压力范围很大（达5m～40m水头）,在实际设计中,可能会出现采用多种不同管径（如De12、De26、De20等）都满足水力准则的情况。此时就存在如何具体选择管径的问题,若采用管径较小的毛管,则管材投资较小,但因水头损失增加,运行能耗费用较大;反之,若采用管径较大的毛管,则管材投资较大,运行能耗费用会较小。本文旨在解决这一实际问题,即在毛管设计中,在安装压力补偿式灌水器的情况下,如何在满足水力准则的条件下根据经济准则（即综合成本费用最小）来确定毛管经济管径。1.研究内容与优化原理（1）研究内容在微灌系统中,毛管管径较小,单价较低,但因为数量很多,其成本在工程总成本费用中仍占很大比例。因此,为了节省总成本费用,研究毛管的经济管径也十分重要。鉴于上述实际需要,本文系统研究毛管单元的总成本费估算方法,以年成本费用最小为目标,分别针对采用稳流器的小管出流灌溉系统和采用压力补偿式滴头的滴灌系统的毛管,分析其在各种可能情况下的经济管径,从而为这类微灌系统毛管设计提供有益参考。（2）优化原理以总成本费用最小为目标,以管径为决策变量,以压力补偿式灌水器的允许工作压力范围为约束条件（水力准则）。毛管管径（d）是离散变量,毛管管径种数（n）有限。小管出流可选用毛管管径主要De12、De16、De20和De25等4种,滴灌可选用毛管管径有De12、De16和De20等3种,因此拟采用枚举法确定最优管径。针对典型的小管出流灌溉系统或典型的滴灌系统,拟定灌水器流量（q）、毛管长度（L）和灌溉定额（W）和毛管管径（d）的各种可能的组合。然后分别计算投资成本（Cc）、运行成本（C0）及年化总成本费用（Ct）,并进行优选,最终得到不同可能组合条件下毛管的最优管径。优化方法原理如图1所示。考虑到小管出流多用水于果树,毛管布置在有一定坡度的坡地上的可能性较大,因此对于小管出流毛管优化分析,还考虑了各种可能的地面坡度。图1优化原理框图2.微灌毛管成本分析与目标函数（1）小管灌溉系统的布局小管出流灌溉一般用于果树灌溉,该系统包括泵送装置、过滤器、干管、支管、毛管和小管。干管从水源供水并将其输送到支管,支管将水输送到毛管和小管（灌水器）。小管通过稳流器连接到毛管,并将水灌入根区周围的渗透环沟。（2）毛管成本管道的完整成本是管道材料、长度和直径的函数。对于给定类型、给定管径的管道,管道的资本成本与仅其长度成正比,即:CP=LP 1式中,Cp为管道资本成本（$）;L为毛管长度（m）;P为管道价格（$/m）。（3）泵的成本加压水泵以及所有附件和安装费用的成本CP为其功率P的函数,可表示为Cp=KpPmp 2式中,Kp为系数;mp为指数;P为电机功率（kW）。电机功率P取决于泵的流量和扬程,计算公式为:P=ρgQh0/10000η 3式中,Q为泵的流量（m3/s）;h0为水泵扬程（m）;ρ为水的质量密度（g/cm3）;g为重力加速度（m/s2）;η为泵和电机单元的效率。（4）能耗成本灌溉系统的年度能源消耗取决于年度灌溉需求和抽水所需的功率。这个年度能源消耗可以通过将电动机功率乘以一年中水泵抽水天数（D）及平均每天工作小时（T）数来估算,计算式为:Aen=DTρgQh0/1000η 4年度运营成本需转换为现值:Cop=AenCen（A/P,i,n）5式中,Cop为年运营成本（$）;Aen为年能源需求（$）;Cen为能源价格（$/kW·h）;（A/p,i,n）为资本回收系数。即（A/P,i

关键词：微灌系统毛管设计压力补偿式滴头稳流器

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Hepatoprotective Effect of Camel Thorn Polyphenols in Concanavalin A-Induced Hepatitis in Mice

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第12期30卷 1090-1100页

作者： nageh Ahmed El-Mahdy Thanaa Ahmed El-Masry Ahmed mahmoud El-Tarahony .Fatemah AAlherz Enass Youssef Osman Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of PharmacyTanta UniversityTanta 31527Egypt Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of PharmacyPrincess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman UniversityP.O.Box 84428Riyadh 11671Saudi Arabia

Objective:To explore the prophylactic and therapeutic effects of Alhagi maurorum ethanolic extract(ame)in concanavalin A(Con A)-induced hepatitis(CIH)as well as possible underlying ***:Polyphenols in ame were characterized using high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).Swiss albino mice were divided into 4 *** group received intravenous phosphate-buffered saline(PBS);Con A group received 40 mg/kg intravenous Con *** group administered 300 mg/(kg·d)ame orally for 5 days before Con A *** group received intravenous Con A then administered300 mg/kg ame at 30 min and 3 h after Con A *** 24 h of Con A injection,hepatic injury,oxidative stress,and inflammatory mediators were *** examination and markers of apoptosis,inflammation,and CD4^(+)cell infiltration were also ***:HPLC analysis revealed that ame contains abundant polyphenols with pharmacological constituents,such as ellagic acid,gallic acid,ferulic acid,methylgallate,and *** alleviated Con A-induced hepatic injury,as manifested by a significant reduction in alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase(Pnally,the antioxidant effect of ame was revealed by a significant reduction in oxidative stress markers(nitric oxide and malondialdehyde)and restored glutathione(Pnflammatory cytokines(tumor necrosis factor-α,interferon-γ,and interleukin-6)and c-Jun n-terminal kinase(JnK)activity were reduced(Pgical examination of liver tissue showed that ame significantly ameliorated necrotic and inflammatory lesions induced by Con A(Pame reduced the expression of nuclear factor kappa B,pro-apoptotic protein(Bax),caspase-3,and CD4^(+)T cell hepatic infiltration(Pn of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was increased(Pnclusions:ame has hepatoprotective and ameliorative effects in CIH mice

关键词： concanavalin A-induced hepatitis Alhagi maurorum ethanolic extract hepatoprotective effect

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中华绒螯蟹羧酸酯酶基因克隆及其在农药胁迫下的表达变化

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南方农业学报 2019年第5期50卷 1093-1103页

作者：臧亚南张晓黄鹏丹 Kassimu Hashim ame 沈怀舜南京农业大学无锡渔业学院江苏无锡214081 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心/淡水渔业与种质资源利用重点实验室江苏无锡214081

[目的]明确中华绒螯蟹羧酸酯酶基因(ES-CXEs)在中华绒螯蟹不同组织及在农药胁迫下的应激表达模式,为揭示其代谢解毒机制打下理论基础。[方法]采用RACE克隆ES-CXEs基因全长序列,并进行生物信息学分析;以实时荧光定量PCR检测中华绒螯蟹不... 详细信息

[目的]明确中华绒螯蟹羧酸酯酶基因(ES-CXEs)在中华绒螯蟹不同组织及在农药胁迫下的应激表达模式,为揭示其代谢解毒机制打下理论基础。[方法]采用RACE克隆ES-CXEs基因全长序列,并进行生物信息学分析;以实时荧光定量PCR检测中华绒螯蟹不同组织及在农药胁迫下ES-CXEs基因的表达变化。[结果]从中华绒螯蟹肝胰腺中克隆获得两段ES-CXEs基因cDnA序列(ES-CXE5和ES-CXE6),其中,ES-CXE5基因序列全长1889 bp(genBank登录号MH201558),包括132 bp的5'端非编码区(5'UTR)、122 bp的3'端非编码区(3'UTR)和1635 bp的开放阅读框(ORF),推测其编码544个氨基酸序列;ES-CXE6基因序列全长3089 bp(genBank登录号MH201555),包括282 bp的5'UTR、779 bp的3'UTR和2028 bp的ORF,推测其编码675个氨基酸序列。多序列比对分析结果显示,ES-CXE5和ES-CXE6基因均具有CXEs家族的特征序列,即催化三联体结构(S-E-H)和n-糖基化位点。ES-CXE5氨基酸序列与三疣梭子蟹、日本长额虾等甲壳类CXEs聚为一簇,而ES-CXE6氨基酸序列与水蚤类和芜菁叶蜂的CXEs聚为一簇。组织特异性表达分布显示,ES-CXEs基因在雌、雄性中华绒螯蟹不同组织中的相对表达量无显著差异(P>0.05),且在肝胰腺、肌肉、精巢和副性腺中均有表达,以肝胰腺中的相对表达量最高。在安全浓度的阿维菌素、敌百虫和高效氯氰菊酯胁迫下,ES-CXEs基因在中华绒螯蟹肝胰腺中的相对表达量呈明显诱导表达趋势,且ES-CXE5基因的相对表达量高于ES-CXE6基因。[结论]从中华绒螯蟹肝胰腺中克隆获得的ES-CXE5和ES-CXE6基因属于CXEs基因家族,在肝胰腺中高表达,且在农药胁迫下这两个基因的表达呈明显诱导表达趋势而参与杀虫剂的代谢解毒过程。

关键词：中华绒螯蟹羧酸酯酶(CXEs) 克隆杀虫剂代谢解毒

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A murine model of dengue virus infection in suckling C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice

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Animal Models and Experimental Medicine 2021年第1期4卷 16-26页

作者： Alana B.Byrne Ayelén g.garcía Jorge M.Brahamian Aldana Mauri Adrián Ferretti Fernando P.Polack Laura B.Talarico Fundación InFAnT Buenos AiresArgentina Consejo nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(COnICET) Buenos AiresArgentina

Dengue is a significant public health concern across tropical and subtropical regions worldwide,principally causing disease in *** young children are at increased risk of severe manifestations of dengue *** mechanism of dengue disease in this population is not fully *** this study,we present a murine model of dengue virus primary infection in suckling C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice in order to investigate disease ***-day-old C57BL/6 mice intraperitoneally infected with DEnV-2 ngC were more susceptible to infection than BALB/c mice,showing increased liver enzymes,extended viremia,dissemination to organs and histological alterations in liver and small ***,the immune response in DEnV-infected C57BL/6 mice exhibited a marked Th1 bias compared to BALB/c *** findings highlight the possibility of establishing an immunocompetent mouse model of DEnV-2 infection in suckling mice that reproduces certain signs of disease observed in humans and that could be used to further study agerelated mechanisms of dengue pathogenesis.

关键词： BALB/c C57BL/6 dengue virus mouse model suckling mice

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Allantoin attenuates deficits of behavioural and motor nerve conduction in an animal model of cisplatin-induced neurotoxicity in rats

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Animal Models and Experimental Medicine 2019年第2期2卷 114-120页

作者： Vindya n S Aqib Mohamad Rema Razdan Department of Pharmacology Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy

Background: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of allantoin in cisplatin‐induced toxicity in rats. Methods: Adult male Wistar rats weighing 160‐200 g were used. neuropathy was induced by injecting cisplatin (2 mg/kg, ip, twice a week for 6 weeks) and the rats were concurrently treated with allantoin (200 and 400 mg/kg, po) for 8 weeks. At the end of the study, body weight and hemogram were measured. Behavioural tests were performed, including tests for cold and hot hyperalgesia, motor co‐ordination, locomotor activity, mechano‐tactile allodynia and mechanical hyperalgesia. The rats were then sacrificed and sciatic nerve conduction velocity was determined. The antioxidant enzyme and nitric oxide levels in sciatic nerve homogenates were measured. Results: In this study, allantoin restored the motor nerve conduction velocity deficits induced by cisplatin, and the allantoin‐treated rats showed improvement in cold and thermal hyperalgesia, mechano‐tactile allodynia, and mechanical hyperalgesia. Allantoin treatment also improved the rats’ hematological status, increasing haemoglobin, platelet and RBC counts compared to the cisplatin‐treated group. Allantoin treatment also mitigated the functional abnormalities seen in the cisplatin neuropathy group, protecting neurons from the neurotoxic effects of cisplatin. Conclusion: Allantoin shows promise for use as an adjuvant drug in cancer treatment to protect against cisplatin‐induced neuropathy.

关键词： allantoin cisplatin neurotoxicity rats

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Examination of n-T_(9) conditions required by n=50,82,126 waiting points in r-process

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2021年第10期73卷 147-157页

作者： nguyen Duy Ly nguyen ngoc Duy nguyen Kim Uyen Vinh n T Pham Faculty of Fundamental Sciences Vanlang UniversityHo Chi Minh City 700000Vietnam Department of Physics Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon 16419Republic of Korea Department of Physics Ho Chi Minh City University of EducationHo Chi Minh City 700000Vietnam

We examined the conditions of neutron density(n) and temperature(T9) required for the n = 50, 82,and 126 isotopes to be waiting points(WP) in the r-process. The nuclear mass based on experimental data presented in the ame2020 database(ame and ame ± Δ) and that predicted using FRDM,WS4, DZ10, and KTUY models were employed in our estimations. We found that the conditions required by the n = 50 WP significantly overlap with those required by the n = 82 ones, except for the WS4 model. In addition, the upper(or lower) bounds of the n-T9 conditions based on the models are different from each other due to the deviations in the two-neutron separation *** standard deviations in the nuclear mass of 108 isotopes in the three n = 50, 82, and 126 groups are about rms = 0.192 and 0.434 Me V for the pairs of KTUY-ame and WS4-KTUY models,respectively. We found that these mass uncertainties result in a large discrepancy in the nn-T_(9) conditions, leading to significant differences in the conditions for simultaneously appearing all the three peaks in the r-process abundance. The newly updated FRDM and WS4 calculations can give the overall conditions for the appearance of all the peaks but vice versa for their old versions in a previous study. The change in the final r-process isotopic abundance due to the mass uncertainty is from a few factors to three orders of magnitude. Therefore, accurate nuclear masses of the r-process key nuclei, especially for 76 Fe,81Cu,127Rh,132Cd,192Dy, and 197Tm, are highly recommended to be measured in radioactive-ion beam facilities for a better understanding of the r-process evolution.

关键词： neutron capture r-process nuclear mass isotopic abundance precise mass measurement

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Vibration in mice: A review of comparative effects and use in translational research

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Animal Models and Experimental Medicine 2018年第2期1卷 116-124页

作者： Randall P.Reynolds Yao Li Angela garner John n.norton Division of Laboratory Animal Resources Duke University Medical Center Department of Laboratory Animal Science School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Department of Pathology Duke University Medical Center

Sound pressure waves surround individuals in everyday life and are perceived by animals and humans primarily through sound or vibration. When sound pressure waves traverse through a solid medium, vibration will result. Vibration has long been considered an unwanted variable in animal research and may confound scientific endeavors using animals. Understanding the characteristics of vibration is required to determine whether effects in animals are likely to be therapeutic or result in adverse biological effects. The eighth edition of the "guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals" highlights the importance of considering vibration and its effects on animals in the research setting, but knowledge of the level of vibration for eliciting these effects was unknown. The literature provides information regarding therapeutic use of vibration in humans, but the range of conditions to be of therapeutic benefit is varied and without clarity. Understanding the characteristics of vibration(eg, frequency and magnitude) necessary to cause various effects will ultimately assist in the evaluation of this environmental factor and its role on a number of potential therapeutic regimens for use in humans. This paper will review the principles of vibration, sources within a research setting, comparative physiological effects in various species, and the relative potential use of vibration in the mouse as a translational research model.

关键词： animal models mice translational vibration

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Machine learning enables polymer cloud-point engineering via inverse design

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npj Computational Materials 2019年第1期5卷 523-528页

作者： Jatin n.Kumar Qianxiao Li Karen Y.T.Tang Tonio Buonassisi Anibal L.gonzalez-Oyarce Jun Ye Institute of Materials Research&Engineering 2 Fusionopolis Way#08-03Singapore 138634Singapore Institute of High-Performance Computing 1 Fusionopolis Way#16-16Singapore 138632Singapore Massachussets Institute of Technology CambridgeMA 02139USA

Inverse design is an outstanding challenge in disordered systems with multiple length scales such as polymers,particularly when designing polymers with desired phase *** we demonstrate high-accuracy tuning of poly(2-oxazoline)cloud point via machine *** a design space of four repeating units and a range of molecular masses,we achieve an accuracy of 4℃ root mean squared error(RMSE)in a temperature range of 24–90℃,employing gradient boosting with decision *** RMSE is>3x better than linear and polynomial *** perform inverse design via particle-swarm optimization,predicting and synthesizing 17 polymers with constrained design at 4 target cloud points from 37 to 80℃.Our approach challenges the status quo in polymer design with a machine learning algorithm,that is capable of fast and systematic discovery of new polymers.

关键词： inverse polymer enable

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Effect of different anesthetic mixtures——ketamine-xylazine, ketamine-acepromazine and tiletamine-zolazepam——on the physiological and blood biochemistry parameters of male rhesus monkeys(Macaca mulatta) at different ages

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Animal Models and Experimental Medicine 2019年第2期2卷 83-97页

作者： Braulio Hernández‐godínez Herlinda Bonilla Jaime Adrián Poblano Marcela Arteaga‐Silva ameyalli Medina Hernández Armando Contreras‐Uribe Alejandra Ibanez-Contreras Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud Unidad Iztapalapa Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Ciudad de México México Investigación Biomédica Aplicada (InBIOMA) S.A.S. de C.V. Ciudad de México México Alimentos y Camas Zoosanitarias (ACAZOO) S. de R.L. Ciudad de México México Departamento Biología de la Reproducción Unidad Iztapalapa Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Ciudad de México México Laboratorio de neurofisiología Cognoscitiva Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Ciudad de México México

Background: Anesthetic agents are commonly utilized in the handling of non‐human primates for prevent the stress caused in physical exploration or physical restrain. For this reason, the objective of this work was to describe the effect of age and dissociative anesthetics (ketamine and tiletamine), and their combinations with acepromazine, xylazine and zolazepam, on the physiological and blood biochemical parameters in Macaca mulatta. Methods: Eighty male Macaca mulatta were divided into four experimental groups depending on the anesthetic mixture applied. Each group of 20 males was divided into five sub‐groups according to age. Physiological parameters were recorded every five minutes during a 30‐minute period. A blood sample was drawn to analyze blood biochemistry. Results: Statistical analyses revealed significant differences in the physiological parameters between the ketamine‐acepromazine and ketamine‐xylazine groups compared to the control group. The analysis of blood biochemistry found significant differences by age and by anesthetic mixture among all groups. Conclusion: These findings contribute to standardizing this animal model in biological research.

关键词： acepromazine anesthesia blood biochemistry ketamine Macaca mulatta physiologic parameters tiletamine xylazine zolazepam

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nanoscale mapping of optically inaccessible bound-states-in-the-continuum

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Light(Science & Applications) 2022年第2期11卷 188-196页

作者： Zhaogang Dong Zackaria Mahfoud Ramón Paniagua-Domínguez Hongtao Wang Antonio I.Fernández-Domínguez Sergey gorelik Son Tung Ha Febiana Tjiptoharsono Arseniy I.Kuznetsov Michel Bosman Joel K.W.Yang Institute of Materials Research and Engineering A*STAR(Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research)2 Fusionopolis Way#08-03 Innovis138634 SingaporeSingapore Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore9 Engineering Drive 1117575 SingaporeSingapore Singapore University of Technology and Design 8 Somapah Road487372 SingaporeSingapore Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center Universidad Autónoma de Madrid28049 MadridSpain Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation A*STAR(Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research)31 Biopolis Way#01-02 Nanos138669 SingaporeSingapore

Bound-states-in-the-continuum(BIC)is an emerging concept in nanophotonics with potential impact in applications,such as hyperspectral imaging,mirror-less lasing,and nonlinear harmonic *** true BIC modes are nonradiative,they cannot be excited by using propagating light to investigate their optical *** this paper,for the 1st time,we map out the strong near-field localization of the true BIC resonance on arrays of silicon nanoantennas,via electron energy loss spectroscopy with a sub-1-nm electron *** systematically breaking the designed antenna symmetry,emissive quasi-BIC resonances become *** gives a unique experimental tool to determine the coherent interaction length,which we show to require at least six neighboring antenna *** importantly,we demonstrate that quasi-BIC resonances are able to enhance localized light emission via the Purcell effect by at least 60 times,as compared to unpatterned *** work is expected to enable practical applications of designed,ultra-compact BIC antennas such as for the controlled,localized excitation of quantum emitters.

关键词： antenna states mapping

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