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Address of Foreign Minister of Pakistan at SIIS(Shanghai,24 February 2010)

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国际展望 2010年第2期2卷 109-116页

作者： H.E.Makhdoom shah mahmood Qureshi

Honorable President, Distinguished Scholars, Ladies and Gentlemen, I consider it a special privilege to speak at the prestigious Shanghai institutes for international studies(SIIS).This institute has come to signify the intellectual vigour of the great Chinese *** its extensive web of institutes and centers of learning,the SIIS encapsulates the rich thought and intellectual traditions of a civilization that spans 5 *** is indeed a heritage in which you,as scholars,can take justifiable pride.

关键词： Shanghai,24 February 2010 Address of Foreign Minister of Pakistan at SIIS

Analysis of an SME using Silicon and Flexible Organic Solar Cells as Replacements for Fossil Fuel Sources of Electricity in UK and Iraq

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(B) 2016年第4期5卷 173-178页

作者： Azad Azabany Ari Azabanee Khalid Khan mahmood shah Waqar Ahmed Lancashire Business School University of Central Lancashire Preston PR1 2HE United Kingdom School of Engineering University of Central Lancashire Preston PR1 2HE United Kingdom School of Medicine University of Central Lancashire Preston PR1 2HE United Kingdom

Currently, 86% of the energy originates from fossil fuelsforelectricity. These are expected to run out, causing severe environmental damage threatening future generations. The total impact of Small and Medium Enterprises （SMEs） on the economy is significant. Solar cells harness the sun＇s energy to generate electricity in an environmentally friendly manner. This study compares silicon solar cells to flexible Organic Photovoltaic solar cells （OPV） for electricity energy for a micro-business in the UK and Iraq. It shows that it is feasible to replace existing fossil fuel sources with solar cells in Iraq due to a greater amount of solar radiation striking the earth＇s surface. Flexible solar cells can replace a proportion of the energy requirements in the UK and a larger proportion in Iraq. Using existing 20% efficient solar cells, 28% and 83% of the energy requirements of the microbusiness can be replaced in UK and Iraq respectively. Assuming 20% efficiency for solar cells placed on windows, 74% and 220% of the energy requirements of UK and Kurdistan can be replaced respectively and the surplus stored.

关键词： Energy management silicon solar cells flexible organic solar cells CO2 emissions Iraq United Kingdom.

Intrusion Detection System for Smart Industrial Environments with Ensemble Feature Selection and Deep Convolutional Neural Networks

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Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2024年第3期39卷 545-566页

作者： Asad Raza shahzad Memon Muhammad Ali Nizamani mahmood Hussain shah Dr.AHS Bukhari Postgraduate Centre of Information and Communication Technology Faculty of Engineering and TechnologyUniversity of SindhJamshoro76060Pakistan Newcastle Business School Northumbria UniversityNewcastleNE1UK

Smart Industrial environments use the Industrial Internet of Things(IIoT)for their routine operations and transform their industrial operations with intelligent and driven ***,IIoT devices are vulnerable to cyber threats and exploits due to their connectivity with the *** signature-based IDS are effective in detecting known attacks,but they are unable to detect unknown emerging ***,there is the need for an IDS which can learn from data and detect new *** Machine Learning(ML)and individual Deep Learning(DL)based IDS have been developed,and these individual models achieved low accuracy;however,their performance can be improved with the ensemble stacking *** this paper,we have proposed a Deep Stacked Neural Network(DSNN)based IDS,which consists of two stacked Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)models as base learners and Extreme Gradient Boosting(XGB)as the meta *** proposed DSNN model was trained and evaluated with the next-generation dataset,TON_*** pre-processing techniques were applied to prepare a dataset for the model,including ensemble feature selection and the SMOTE ***,precision,recall,F1-score,and false positive rates were used to evaluate the performance of the proposed ensemble *** experimental results showed that the accuracy for binary classification is 99.61%,which is better than in the baseline individual DL and ML *** addition,the model proposed for IDS has been compared with similar *** proposed DSNN achieved better performance metrics than the other *** proposed DSNN model will be used to develop enhanced IDS for threat mitigation in smart industrial environments.

关键词： Industrial internet of things smart industrial environment cyber-attacks convolutional neural network ensemble learning

Soil Carbon Sequestration,Water Use Efficiency(WUE) and Biological Nitrogen Fixation(BNF) Under Conservation Agriculture in Rain-fed Dry Area of North-west Pakistan

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地学前缘 2009年第S1期16卷 233-233页

作者： Samreen Shehzadi Wisal Mohammad S.mahmood shah Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture(NIFA)

Land degradation,unbalanced nutrition,change in climate and its extreme variability are the factors affecting the sustainability of agriculture and food *** North-west Pakistan,more than 50%of the cultivated area is rain-fed and the crop productivity is *** agriculture reduces greenhouse gas emissions by enhancing soil carbon sequestration and then improved soil fertility,WUE and crop productivity.A field experiment

关键词： soil carbon sequestration BNF water use efficiency crop residue tillage soil microbial biomass C and N

Vibrations of FGM thin cylindrical shells with exponential volume fraction law

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2009年第5期30卷 607-615页

作者： Abdul Ghafar shah Tahir mahmood Muhammad Nawaz Naeem Department of Mathematics The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Department of Mathematics Government College University

In this paper, the influence of an exponential volume fraction law on the vibration frequencies of thin functionally graded cylindrical shells is studied. Material properties in the shell thickness direction are graded in accordance with the exponential law. Expressions for the strain-displacement and curvature-displacement relationships are taken from Love＇s thin shell theory. The Rayleigh-Ritz approach is used to derive the shell eigenfrequency equation. Axial modal dependence is assumed in the characteristic beam functions. Natural frequencies of the shells are observed to be dependent on the constituent volume fractions. The results are compared with those available in the literature for the validity of the present methodology.

关键词： functionally graded material (FGM) vibration cylindrical shell Rayleigh- Ritz method exponential volume fraction law

Structural and optical analysis of Cr_2N thin films prepared by DC magnetron sputtering

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2015年第2期22卷 197-202页

作者： Shakil Khan A.mahmood A.shah Qaiser Raza Muhammad Asim Rasheed Ishaq Ahmad Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences National Institute of Laser and Optronics (NILOP) National Centre for Physics Quaid-i-Azam University

Chromium nitride （Cr2N） thin films were prepared by a DC magnetron sputtering technique. The deposition temperature was raised from 50 to 300℃, and its influence on the film structure and refractive index was investigated. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that the crystalline strucure of the films transforms from the （101） to （002） oriented hexagonal CrzN phase as the increase of substrate tempera- ture above 50℃, and a highly texatred film grows at 100℃. An empirical relation between the crystalline orientation and infrared active modes of the films is obtained, i.e., the Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） spectrum of the film prepared at 50℃ exhibits only A1 （TO） mode. The prominent peak in the FTIR spectra of the film prepared above 50℃is assigned to the E1 （TO） mode and is correlated with the （002） or c-axis oriented hexagonal wurtzite phase of Cr2N. In the surface analysis of atomic force microscopy, a transformation from the featureless surface to columnar-type morphology is observed with the increase of substrate temperature from 50 to 100℃, exhibiting c-axis oriented crystallite growth. A further increase in substrate temperature to 200℃ causes the c-axis crystallites to merge, resulting in the formation of voids. The refractive index （n） of the deposited films is obtained using spectroscopic ellipsometry.

关键词： chromium nitride thin films magnetron sputtering structural analysis optical analysis refractive index

An Efficient Connectivity Restoration Technique(ECRT)for Wireless Sensor Network

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第10期69卷 1003-1019页

作者： mahmood ul Hassan shahzad Ali Khalid mahmood Muhammad Kashif Saeed Amin Al-Awady Kamran Javed Ansar Munir shah Department of Computer Skills Preparatory yearNajran UniversityNajran66241Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Jouf UniversityTubarjal74769Saudi Arabia Department of Information Systems College of Science and ArtsKing Khalid UniversityMahayil Asir63317Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Community College Mahayil AsirKing Khalid UniversityMahayil63718Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Engineering National University of Technology(NUTECH)Islamabad44000Pakistan Department of Computer Science Institute of Southern PunjabMultan60000Pakistan

Node failure in Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs)is a fundamental problem because WSNs operate in hostile *** failure of nodes leads to network partitioning that may compromise the basic operation of the sensor *** deal with such situations,a rapid recovery mechanism is required for restoring inter-node *** to the immense importance and need for a recovery mechanism,several different approaches are proposed in the ***,the proposed approaches have shortcomings because they do not focus on energy-efficient operation and coverage-aware mechanisms while performing connectivity ***,most of these approaches rely on the excessive mobility of nodes for restoration connectivity that affects both coverage and energy *** paper proposes a novel technique called ECRT(Efficient Connectivity Restoration Technique).This technique is capable of restoring connectivity due to single and multiple node *** achieves energy efficiency by transmitting a minimal number of control *** is also coverage-aware as it relocates minimal nodes while trying to restore *** the help of extensive simulations,it is proven that ECRT is effective in connectivity restoration for single and multiple node *** also show that ECRT exchanges a much smaller number of packets than other ***,it also yields the least reduction in field coverage,proving its versatility for connectivity restoration.

关键词： Cut-vertex failure recovery network connectivity node relocation wireless sensor network node failures

Fishery stock assessment of Kiddi shrimp (Parapenaeopsis stylifera) in the Northern Arabian Sea Coast of Pakistan by using surplus production models

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2017年第4期35卷 936-946页

作者： MOHSIN Muhammad 慕永通 MEMON Aamir mahmood KALHORO Muhammad Talib shah Syed Baber Hussainin College of Fisheries Ocean University of China

Pakistani marine waters are under an open access regime. Due to poor management and policy implications, blind fishing is continued which may result in ecological as well as economic losses. Thus, it is of utmost importance to estimate fishery resources before harvesting. In this study, catch and effort data, 1996-2009, of Kiddi shrimp Parapenaeopsis stylifera fishery from Pakistani marine waters was analyzed by using specialized fishery software in order to know fishery stock status of this commercially important shrimp. Maximum, minimum and average capture production ofP. stylifera was observed as 15 912 metric tons （mr）（1997）, 9 438 mt （2009） and 11 667 mt/a. Two stock assessment tools viz. CEDA （catch and effort data analysis） and ASPIC （a stock production model incorporating covariates） were used to compute MSY （maximum sustainable yield） of this organism. In CEDA, three surplus production models, Fox, Schaefer and Pella-Tomlinson, along with three error assumptions, log, log normal and gamma, were used. For initial proportion （IP） 0.8, the Fox model computed MSY as 6 858 nat （CV=0.204, R^2=0.709） and 7 384 mt （CV=0.149, R^2=0.72） for log and log normal error assumption respectively. Here, gamma error produced minimization failure. Estimated MSY by using Schaefer and Pella-Tomlinson models remained the same for log, log normal and gamma error assumptions i.e. 7 083 mt, 8 209 mt and 7 242 mt correspondingly. The Schafer results showed highest goodness of fit R2 （0.712） values. ASPIC computed MSY, CV, R2, FMsv and BMsv parameters for the Fox model as 7 219 nat, 0.142, 0.872, 0.111 and 65 280, while for the Logistic model the computed values remained 7 720 mt, 0.148, 0.868, 0.107 and 72 110 correspondingly. Results obtained have shown that P. stylifera has been overexploited. Immediate steps are needed to conserve this fishery resource for the future and research on other species of commercial importance is urgently needed.

关键词： stock assessment fishery management Parapenaeopsis stylifera surplus production models Pakistan

Biological evaluation of some important medicinal plants from Poonch valley, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2019年第6期39卷 753-763页

作者： Farmeen Kiran Muhammad Azam Khan Riffat Batool Sobia Kanwal Syed Lal shah Tariq mahmood Department of Plant Sciences Quaid-i-Azam University IslamabadIslamabad 45320Pakistan Department of Botany Government Boys Degree College HajiraHajira 12160Pakistan Department of Zoology University of Gujrat Sub-Campus RawalpindiRawalpindi 46000Pakistan Pakistan Museum of National History Pakistan Science FoundationIslamabadIslamabad 44000Pakistan

OBJECTIVE:To estimate the phytochemical composition,antioxidant,antifungal,cytotoxic and phytotoxic activities of three important medicinal plants of Poonch valley,Azad Kashmir ***:Phytochemicals were investigated for both qualitative(phenols,flavonoids,alkaloids and saponins)and quantitative(total phenolic and flavonoid contents)analysis of plant extracts prepared in ethanol,ethyl acetate and ***,antioxidant potential was investigated by screening botanical extracts against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging assay,phosphomolybdenum and total reducing power ***,disc diffusion method was used for determination of antifungal potential of all extracts against four pathogenic ***,brine shrimp cytotoxicity assay was conducted for cytotoxic potential and radish seed germination assay was carried out for estimation of allelopathic potential of plant ***:Phytochemical evaluation showed the presence of phenolics,flavonoids,alkaloids and saponins in almost all *** addition to significant antioxidant potential,Rubia cordifolia(ethanolic extract)revealed highest amount of phenolics and *** said plant also exhibited good cytotoxic *** plant extracts highest antifungal activity and allelopathic potential was recorded by Oxalis latifolia(ethyl acetate extract).Ethanol and ethyl acetate were observed to be the best choice of *** best solvents-based results were obtained by Ethanol followed by Ethyl acetate and ***:For further studies,Rubia cordifolia and Oxalis latifolia are the most promising medicinal plants of Poonch valley,Azad Kashmir Pakistan at molecular level in order to isolate the compounds concerning with pronounced activities.

关键词： Melinis repens Oxalidaceae Rubia Cytotoxins Pakistan