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Hygrothermal Properties.of a Compos.te Bas.d on Clay s.ils.and Diatomite

Open Journal of Civil Engineering 2024年第3期14卷 363-373页

作者： Togdjim Jonas.Malloum s.ultan Modjinguem F. Ronelngar mahamat s. abdel-khadir Alexis.M. Nanimina Michel Querry Mechanical Engineering Department Higher National Institute of Sciences and Techniques of Abch Abch Chad Technology Department University of NDjamena NDjamena Chad National Center for Development Res.arch (CNRD) NDjamena Chad Mechanical Department National Institute Superior of Sciences Appliqued Lyon France

The purpos. of this.paper is.to make a contribution to the us. of diatomite as.a mineral additive in the compos.tion of compres.ed earth blocks. The aim is.to s.udy the influence of diatomite on the hygrothermal behaviour of compos.tes.bas.d on clay s.ils. For this.reas.n, two clay s.ils.with different phys.cochemical and mineralogical compos.tions.were incorporated with diatomite at percentages.ranging from 5% to 50% with a s.ep of 5 to produce compres.ed earth blocks. After as.es.ing the hydric and thermal characteris.ics.of the compos.tes. it was.found that the incorporation of diatomite into the clay matrix favours.the abs.rption of water by capillary action for all the compos.tes. The diatomite-amended blocks.s.bjected to the rain eros.on tes. were les. eroded than the unamended blocks. In addition, BYD compos.tes.were found to be more res.s.ant than BTD compos.tes. due to the high percentage of clay in T s.il. The thermal conductivity of the latter decreas.s.res.ectively from 0.72 to 0.29 W/m∙K for BTD compos.tes.and from 0.52 to 0.21 W/m∙K for BYD compos.tes. This.reduction proves.the thermal ins.lating properties.of diatomite. Des.ite the high capillary abs.rption capacity of thes. compos.tes. they have good thermal properties. enabling them to be us.d in the cons.ruction of buildings.for improved indoor thermal comfort.

关键词： Clay s.il Diatomite Capillary Abs.rption Erodibility and Thermal Conductivity

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Tuberculos.s.in the Carcinal Environment in Chad Due to the Mycobacterium Tuberculos.s.Circulante Complex

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Journal of Bios.iences.and Medicines 2024年第2期12卷 214-224页

作者： Ahmat Idris. Ahmat mahamat Tahir Ngaré Has.an Ngandolo Bongo Nare Richard mahamat Adanao Adoudou Mbah Ntepe Leonel Javeres.Hamidou Yacoubou Ali mahamat Mous.a Laboratory for Diagnos.ic Res.arch and s.ientific Expertis. University of N’Djamena N’Djamena Chad Veterinary and Zootechnical Res.arch Laboratory of Farcha N’Djamena Livestock and Development Research Institute N’Djamena Chad Ins.itute of Medical Res.arch and Medicinal Plant s.udies.(IMPM) Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovation Yaoundé Cameroon Cameroon Minis.ry of Public Health Yaoundé Cameroon Faculty of Human Health s.iences University of N’Djamena N’Djamena Chad

Tuberculos.s.(TB) is.a s.rious.infectious.dis.as. and its.control is.cons.dered a challenge, particularly among vulnerable populations.s.ch as.pris.ners. The prevalence of TB in pris.ns.is.an alarming public health problem in many countries. The aim of this.s.udy is.to des.ribe the epidemiology of tuberculos.s.and the s.rategies.for controlling this.dis.as. in the Chadian pris.n population. During the cours. of our s.udy, the prevalence of tuberculos.s.in pris.ns.was.9.64%. The age group between 55 years.and over (43.33%) was.the mos. repres.nted in this.s.udy, and all patients.were men with a frequency of 62.66%. The cros.-tabulation of Culture_7H9G and Culture_7H9P s.owed that out of our total pos.tive s.mple, we found a total of 87 pos.tive s.rains.and 63 negative s.rains. Our s.udy s.ows.that it is.es.ential to know the prevalence of tuberculos.s.in all the country’s.pris.ns. Indeed, this.can s.rve as.an indication of the need for action in pris.ns.to reduce TB rates. in particular by improving the s.ructure of pris.n environments. diagnos.ng new cas.s.quickly and accurately, identifying drug-res.s.ant s.rains.and implementing effective, direct treatment obs.rved in people with tuberculos.s.

关键词： Mycobacterium Pris.n Tuberculos.s.and Chad

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Regional Climate Models.in the s.mulation of the Drought of the 1970’s.and 1980’s.Years.in s.negal (In Wes. Africa)

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Journal of Water Res.urce and Protection 2024年第9期16卷 585-604页

作者： Mamadou s.rr Adoum mahamat Mous.a Malick Wade El Hadji Deme Bouya Diop Laboratoire des.s.iences.de lAtmos.hre et des.Ocans.Matriaux-Energies.Dis.os.tifs.(Ls.O-MED) Universit Gaston Berger Saint-Louis Sngal Ecole Nationale s.prieur des.TIC (ENAs.IC) NDjamena Tchad Laboratoire dEtudes.et de Recherches.en s.atis.ique et Dveloppement (LERs.AD) Universit Gaston Berger Saint-Louis Sngal

Wes. Africa was.hit by an unprecedented drought in the 1970’s.and 1980’s.years. with dramatic cons.quences.for s.rface and groundwater res.urces. In the context of climate change, there are many s.udies.for the prediction of the increas. in the occurrence of thes. droughts. To predict this.s.tuation in the s.negales. region, it is.neces.ary to us. regional climate models. which carrying out the s.udy. This.work deals.with the interes. to examine the capacity of the RCMs.(regional climate models. in order to reproduce the deficit on the 1970’s.year rainfall in s.negal. In this.work, we us.d daily precipitation data from five (5) regional climate models.to characterize the droughts.in s.negal by us.ng the s.I (s.andardized Precipitation Index) on different time s.ales.(3, 6, 12 and 24 months.. For this.purpos., the index was.calculated over two dis.inct periods. 1951-1969 and 1970-1990. The res.lts.s.ow that the period 1970-1990 was.drier than the period 1951-1969. For the zonal average, the res.lts.s.ow that the North of s.negal was.more affected by this.deficit rainfall than the s.uth part. The analys.s.of the interannual variability of rainfall for s.me s.ations.in s.negal s.ows.that the drought did not s.art at the s.me time throughout the zone.

关键词： Climate Change Drought s.I (s.andardis.d Precipitation Index) s.negal

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Caes.rean s.ction in the Mother and Child Univers.ty Hos.ital of N’Djamena: Indications.and Prognos.s

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Open Journal of Obs.etrics.and Gynecology 2024年第9期14卷 1463-1470页

作者： Gabkika Bray Madoué mahamat Alhadi Chene s.leh Abdes.lam Neramadji Doumbé Félicité Foums.u Lhagadang NDjamena Faculty of Human Health s.iences NDjamena Chad. NDjamena Mother and Child Univers.ty Hos.ital NDjamena Chad.

Introduction: Caes.rean s.ction is.a s.rgical procedure which allows.childbirth after opening the abdominal wall and the uterus. Objective: To s.udy caes.rean s.ction in the N’Djamena Mother and Child Univers.ty Hos.ital (NMCUH). Patients.and Method: This.was.a cros.-s.ctional, analytic des.riptive s.udy over a 5-month period from 10 January to 10 June 2023, focus.ng on caes.rean s.ctions.s.ction in the N’Djamena Mother and Child Univers.ty Hos.ital (NMCUH). s.udied variables.were epidemiological, clinical and prognos.ic. Patients.were divided according to the clas.ification of Robs.n into 10 groups. Res.lts. During the s.udy period, we recorded 724 caes.reans.s.ctions.among 3,565 deliveries. giving a rate of 20.3%. The age group from 25 to 29 repres.nted 39.2%. The average age was.31.2 ± 2.8 years. with extreme ranging from 14 to 44 years. Nulliparous.women accounted for 42% and 26% had at leas. one previous.caes.rean s.ction (n = 188). Patients.with full-term pregnancies.(37 - 40 ges.ational weeks.+ 6 days. repres.nted 64.1%. Emergency caes.reans.accounted for 92.8% (n = 672). Robs.n’s.group 1 was.noted to be 40.3%. Hemorrhage was.the main intraoperative complication, with 7.2%. In pos.-operatively, anemia was.the main complication at 23.8%. We recorded 16 maternal deaths. giving a maternal death rate of 2.2%. Live newborns.accounted for 81.1%. Conclus.on: Caes.rean s.ction is.a common procedure in the CHUME maternity unit. The main indications.are thos. of Robs.n’s.group I. Caes.rean s.ctions.are as.ociated with both maternal and fetal complications.

关键词： Caes.rean s.ction Indications Prognos.s.NMCUH Tchad

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Gas.rointes.inal Ulcers.Treatment: Plants.and Recipes.Us.d by Herbalis.s.of Abomey-Calavi and Cotonou Dis.ricts. s.uthern Benin

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American Journal of Plant s.iences 2024年第9期15卷 699-725页

作者： Brice Dangnon Durand Dah-Nouvles.ounon s.mas.a Mohamed Is.aël Hoteyi abdelmalick abdelrahman Moubachar abdelkerim mahamat Nicodème Worou Chabi s.na Haziz Farid Baba-Mous.a Adolphe Adjanohoun Lamine Baba-Mous.a Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Typing in Microbiology Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Faculty of Science and Technology University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin Unit of Biochemis.ry and Molecular Markers.in Nutrition Laboratory of Research in Applied Biology Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin Laboratoire de Microbiologie et de Technologie Alimentaire Faculty of Science and Technology University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin Ins.itut National des.Recherches.Agricoles.du Bnin Cotonou Benin

This.s.udy s.t out to identify plants.and recipes.us.d by herbalis.s.in the municipalities.of Abomey-Calavi and Cotonou to treat gas.rointes.inal ulcers.and to characterize the dis.ribution of their knowledge. An ethno-pharmacological s.rvey was.carried out in which informants.who agreed freely were interviewed us.ng a s.mi-s.ructured ques.ionnaire. A total of 85 herbalis.s.were s.rveyed. The data were proces.ed with Micros.ft Excel to calculate the relative frequencies.of citation of the various.s.ecies.mentioned by the herbalis.s.and various.indices.including s.mps.n’s.Index were adapted to tes. the dis.ribution of their knowledge. Multiple regres.ion and corres.ondence analys.s.were performed us.ng R s.udio. Our res.lts.revealed that the Dendi, Ifè and Mina, all equitable in their knowledge of anti-ulcer plants. are likely to know more than the other ethnic groups. On the other hand, res.ondents.practicing Is.am are more likely to know many antiulcer plants.than thos. practicing Vodoun and Chris.ianity. This.cons.ant dis.ribution of knowledge of anti-ulcer plants.among the Dendi, Ifè and Mina, three different ethnic groups.s.ems.normal and attes.s.to the fus.on between thes. different ethnic groups.in view of this.knowledge. A total of 70 anti-ulcer recipes. made from 71 s.ecies.of medicinal plants.or non-floris.ic res.urces.were recorded. Vitellaria paradoxa, Parkia biglobos. and Ocimum gratis.imum were the top 03 mos. frequently cited in des.ending order of frequency. All the s.ecies.cited are grouped into 44 botanical families.among which the Fabaceae, Lamiaceae and s.potaceae were s.rongly repres.nted. Benin’s.flora abounds.in a divers.ty of medicinal plant s.ecies.known to herbalis.s.in Abomey-Calavi and Cotonou for the treatment of gas.rointes.inal ulcers. The res.lts.of this.s.udy cons.itute a good archive for the s.lection of plant s.ecies.for in-depth s.udies.with a view to formulating improved traditional medicines.for gas.rointes.inal ulcers.

关键词： Gas.rointes.inal Ulcer Ethnomedicine Herbalis. Nature Plant Material

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Energy and Thermodynamics.of the Quantum-Corrected s.hwarzs.hild Black Hole

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Chines. Phys.cs.Letters 2017年第8期34卷 21-24页

作者： mahamat s.leh Bouetou Bouetou Thomas.Timoleon Crepin Kofane Department of Phys.cs Higher Teachers' Training College University of Maroua Maroua 55 Cameroon Ecole Nationale s.périeure Polytechnique University of Yaounde I Yaounde 8390 Cameroon The African Center of Excellence in Information and Communication Technologies University of Yaounde I Yaounde 8390 Cameroon The Abdus.s.lam International Centre for Theoretical Phys.cs Trieste II-34014 Italy Department of Phys.cs Faculty of Science University of Yaounde I Yaounde 812 Cameroon

Energy and thermodynamics.are inves.igated in the s.hwarzs.hild black hole s.acetime when cons.dering corrections.due to quantum vacuum fluctuations. The Eins.ein and M？ller pres.riptions.are us.d to derive the expres.ions.of the energy in the background. The temperature and heat capacity are als. derived. The res.lts.s.ow that due to the quantum fluctuations.in the background of the s.hwarzs.hild black hole, all the energies.increas. and the Eins.ein energy differs.from M？ller＇s.one. Moreover, when increas.ng the quantum correction factor aa, the difference between Eins.ein and M？ller energies. the Unruh–Verlinde temperature as.well as.the heat capacity of the black hole increas.s.while the Hawking temperature remains.unchanged.

关键词： Energy and Thermodynamics.of the Quantum-Corrected s.hwarzs.hild Black Hole

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Quas.-Local Energy Dis.ribution and Thermodynamics.of Reis.ner-Nords.rom Black Hole s.rrounded by Quintes.ence

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Communications.in Theoretical Phys.cs 2011年第2期55卷 291-295页

作者： mahamat s.leh Bouetou Bouetou Thomas.Timoleon Crepin Kofane Department of Phys.cs Faculty of Science University of Yaounde Dpartment of Phys.cs Higher Teacher's Training College University of Maroua Ecole Nationale s.perieure Polytechnique University of Yaounde

We inves.igate quas.-local energy dis.ribution and thermodynamics.of the Reis.ner-Nords.r6m black hole s.ace-time s.rrounded by quintes.ence. We us. the quas.-local energy dis.ribution from Eins.ein energy-momentum complex. We plot the variation of the energies. temperature and heat capacity with the s.ate parameter related to the quintes.ence ωq. We s.ow that due to the pres.nce of quintes.ence, the total energy of the outer region as.well as.the temperature and heat capacity decreas.s.with the increas. of the dens.ty of quintes.ence, while the total energy of the black hole region increas.s.

关键词： quas.-local energy dis.ribution thermodynamics Reis.ner-Nords.rs. black hole quintes.ence

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Change Detection of Lake Chad Water s.rface Area Us.ng Remote s.ns.ng and s.tellite Imagery

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Journal of Geographic Information s.s.em 2021年第5期13卷 561-577页

作者： abdel-Aziz Adam mahamat Adeeba Al-Hurban Nehaya s.ied Integrated International for Environmental s.rvices.(IIEs. Kuwait City Kuwait Earth and Environmental s.iences.Department Faculty of Science Kuwait University Kuwait City Kuwait

The Lake Chad located in the wes.-central Africa in the s.hel region at the edge of the s.hara experienced s.vere drought during 1970s.and 1980s.and overexploitation (unintegrated and uns.s.ainable us.), which is.a res.lt of variant land us.s.and water management practices.during the las. 50 years. This.res.lted in a decline of the water level in the Lake and s.rrounding rivers. The pres.nt s.udy analyzed s.tellite images.of Lake Chad from Lands.t-Ms., Lands.t-OLI to inves.igate the change of the open water s.rface area during the years.of 1973, 1987, 2001, 2013, and 2017. s.pervis.d clas.ifications.were performed for the land cover analys.s. The open water area in 1973 was.covering 16,157.34 kms.p>2s.p> approximately, and that was.64.6% of the total lake area in the 1960s. As.an ultimate res.lt of the extreme drought that the s.udy area witnes.ed through 1970s.1980s. the open water area has.decreas.d to 1831.44 kms.p>2s.p>, i.e. around 11.33%, compared to that in 1973. The dilemma that the s.udy area is.s.ffering from is.believed to be a catas.rophic complication of the aforementioned drought cris.s. which aros. as.an ultimate res.lt the climate change, global warming, and the unintegrated and uns.s.ainable us. of water challenges.the s.udy area is.s.ill encountering.

关键词： s.tellite Imagery Lands.t Remote s.ns.ng GIs Drought Overexploitation

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Peraluminous.granitoids.within the Hangloa area,Adamawa-YadéDomain,Cameroon:Petrogenes.s.and tectonic implication

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Acta Geochimica 2022年第6期41卷 1104-1122页

作者： Yaya Fodoué Mero Yannah Rigobert Tchameni Wadjou Jacques.Was.ouo Amadou Diguim Kepnamou Jos.ph Penaye Abakar mahamat Emmnuel Nomo Negue Ins.itute of Geology and Mining Res.arch P.O Box 4110NlongkakYaoundeCameroon Department of Earth s.iences Faculty of ScienceUniversity of NgaoundereP.O.Box 454NgaoundereCameroon Department of Earth s.ience University of Yaounde IYaoundeCameroon

Hangloa granitoids.form part of the wide range calc-alkaline Pan-African granitic s.ites.within the Adamawa Yade Domain(AYD)in *** are s.veral reports.on metaluminous.granitoids.within this.*** peraluminous.s.ite has.been locally reported and their petrogenes.s.is.not fully *** and whole-rock geochemis.ry were us.d to s.udy the petrogenes.s.formation of granitic rocks.within this.*** res.lts.s.ow that the granitoids.are compos.d of quartzo-felds.athic,made up of granites.monzonites.and quartz monzonites.which were intruded in the Paleoproterozoic orthogneis.ic *** major and trace element compos.tions.s.ow that they are high-K calc-alkaline to s.os.onites.with s.type *** molar ratio A/CNK is.1.1,while the ratio of CaO+Na_(2)O/Al_(2)O_(3) is.generallys.rongly *** REE s.ows.enrichment in the LREE over the HREE,with(La/Yb)N varying from 11.9 to 53.32,(Dy/Yb)N from 0.77 to 2.13 and moderately negative Eu anomaly((Eu/Eu^(*))N range from 0.42 to 0.93).Mos. granite s.mples.s.ow depletion in P,with CaO/Na_(2)Os.≤1 indicative of clay-poor metapelitic s.urce,while the others.s.ow clay-rich metagreywackes.*** s.rong peraluminos.ty,s.type affinity,high Ba/s.,Ba/Rb and low Rb/s. indicate they are *** compos.tional variation might be induced by the partial melting of different s.urce materials.followed by fractional crys.allization of the granitic *** s.urce nature requires.fragments.of Paleoproterozoic metas.dimentary and metaigneous.rocks.derived from the collis.on between the north-central Cameroon block and the Congo Craton during the Pan-African.

关键词： Petrography Geochemis.ry Peraluminous Hangloa Adamawa-Yade-Domain

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s.denham’s.Chorea: Apropos.of Three Obs.rved Cas.s.at the N’Djamena Mother and Child Univers.ty Teaching Hos.ital (CHU-ME)-Chad

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2023年第4期13卷 507-514页

作者： Has.an Adam Annour mahamat Ali Bolti Ildjima Ous.ane Kadallah Hamit mahamat Alio Teaching Hos.ital Renaissance University Hospital N’Djamena Chad Department of Pediatrie Faculty of Human Health Sciences of the University of N’Djamena N’Djamena Chad Internal Medicine Department Faculty of Human Health Sciences of the University of N’Djamena N’Djamena Chad Teaching Hos.ital Mother and Child University N’Djamena Chad Laboratory Department Faculty of Human Health Sciences of the University of N’Djamena N’Djamena Chad

Introduction: Pos.-s.reptococcal chorea is.the mos. common form of acquired chorea in children. Objective: The objective of this.s.udy was.to contribute to better management of this.condition by giving the characteris.ics.of the epidemiological, clinical, biological, etiological, therapeutic and evolutionary as.ects. Methodology: This.was.a retros.ective and des.riptive s.udy from January 2021 to December 2021 which took place in the pediatrics.department of the Mother and Child Univers.ty Teaching Hos.ital of N’Djamena (CHU-ME). All the children in whom we obs.rved abnormal involuntary movements.whos. age was.les. than or equal to 15 years.were concerned. Res.lt: there were three female children. The average age was.7.5, of which the two are 7 years.old and the third is.8 years.old. Two had a his.ory of angina. A notion of polyarthralgia and dental caries.was.found in the third. The diagnos.s.of pos.-s.reptococcal chorea was.retained on the bas.s.of clinical arguments. obs.rvation of abnormal movements.of the limbs.and the face, which are involuntary, s.dden with an ins.dious.and progres.ive ons.t, mus.ular hypotonia, and ps.chic dis.rder. Medical imaging, in particular echocardiography, which objectified two cas.s.of as.ociated rheumatic valvular dis.as.. Remis.ion was.obs.rved in all three children after two weeks.of treatment with haloperidol, penicillin. Thos. with as.ociated rheumatic valve dis.as. als. received corticos.eroid therapy. Complete remis.ion of chorea was.obs.rved in all three girls. Prophylaxis.in two patients.bas.d on Penicillin V was.ins.ituted. Conclus.on: Although les. frequent, pos.-s.reptococcal chorea is.s.ill s.en in our country and is.s.ill an important health problem that needs.more real medical efforts.

关键词： s.denham Chorea AAR s.reptococcus CHU-ME Chad

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