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Physico-Chemical Characterization of Sludge from the Goudel Drinking Water Production Plant in Niamey (Niger)

Natural Resources 2022年第10期13卷 206-216页

作者： Ibrahim Soumaïla Siddo mahaman moustapha adamou Fayçal Moumouni Abou Rural Engineering Water Resources and Forestry Department Faculty of Agronomy Abdou Moumouni University Niamey Niger

Population growth and increasing needs make our current societies a considerable source of environmental threats. Going towards sustainable cities where harmony exists between economic, socio-cultural and environmental issues is a necessity that is essential if we want to bequeath a livable world to future generations. Cities produce huge quantities of domestic and industrial waste, the management of which is becoming a growing problem for city managers. Located on the banks of the Niger River, the city of Niamey, capital of the Republic of Niger, is supplied with drinking water from this river. Significant quantities of sludge are produced by the plant following the treatment of this water. This study focuses on the physico-chemical characterization of this sludge which is now directly discharged into the Niger River. A total of 12 samples of pasty sludge taken from the pre-settling ponds were analyzed. The samples were previously dried, crushed, sieved and packaged. Physical (pH, EC and particle size), chemical (Ca, Mg, Na, K, CEC, AE, P, C, MO and N) and metallic trace elements (Pb, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Mn) parameters and Al) were analyzed in the laboratory. The results show that the sludge is weakly acidic (pH between 4.16 and 5.71), conductive (<0.35 mS/cm) and rich in fine elements (12.1% to 77.71% clay). The nutrient content is low in nitrogen (<0.25%), phosphorus (<2.5 ppm), potassium (between 1 to 188 Mèq/100g) and organic matter (less than 2.88%). The concentrations of ETM comply with the values admissible in residual materials (French decree of 08/01/1998). This sludge can be recovered, especially in agriculture.

关键词： Sludge Potable Water Water Treatment Niger River Niamey

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Physico-Chemical and Isotopic (¹⁸O, ²H and ³H) Characterization of the Upper Dallol Maouri Watershed (Niger)

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Open Journal of Geology 2022年第8期12卷 613-639页

作者： Abdoul Hayou Habi Hamani mahaman moustapha adamou Issoufou Sandao Halidou Alassane Hado Faculty of Agronomy Abdou Moumouny University Niamey Niger Faculty of Science and Technics Abdou Moumouny University Niamey Niger

Dallol Maouri is one of the fossil valleys on the left bank of the Niger River. Its watershed drains water from valleys in the Tahoua and Dosso regions of Niger. The watercourse is not continuous and has areas of surface water accumulation (ponds) and areas of spreading and infiltration. The surface water potential in this area is limited, with most of the ponds having a temporary to the semi-permanent regime. Groundwater resources are, therefore, the main sources of withdrawal for human food, agriculture, and livestock. Climate change through the variation in rainfall, the often-anarchic multiplication of catchment works (wells and boreholes) and agricultural activities can have impacts on the qualitative and quantitative evolution of surface and groundwater. The objective of this study is to characterize the surface and underground water of the upper dallol Maouri through the physicochemical parameters of the water and the use of the isotopes of the water molecule (18O, 2H and 3H). A total of 53 water samples were analyzed at the laboratory of the Regional Directorate of Hydraulics and Sanitation of Tillabéri (Niger) for chemical parameters and 73 samples were analyzed at the Radio Analysis and Environment Laboratory (LRAE) of the National School of Engineers of Sfax (ENIS) of Tunis for isotopy. The water of the ponds is characterized by three types of facies: calcium bicarbonate, calcium and magnesium bicarbonate, and calcium nitrate chloride. The groundwater is 75% of the chloride-nitrate-calcium facies and the CT3/CT2 groundwater is calcium and magnesium bicarbonate. The results of the stable isotopes made it possible to highlight the presence of four distinct water groups: ponds characterized by highly evaporated water, the sheets of Continental Terminal 1 and 2 (CT1 and CT2) with an isotopic cachet of old water, the water table consisting of a two-layer system in the southwestern part of the area. The water is not very mineral

关键词： Dallol Maouri Physicochemistry Isotopy Ponds Groundwater Continental Terminal

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Rise of Urban Water Table as a Cause of Flooding: Improving Knowledge in the City of Niamey (Niger Republic)

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2021年第12期13卷 976-999页

作者： Halidou Alassane Hado mahaman moustapha adamou Guillaume Favreau Marie Boucher Karmadine Hima Ibrahim Dan Dano Faculty of Agronomy Abdou Moumouni University of Niamey Niamey Niger Faculty of Science and Technics Abdou Moumouni University of Niamey Niamey Niger Grenoble Alpes University IRD CNRS Grenoble INP IGE Grenoble France Medical and Health Research Center of Niger CERMES Niamey Niger

Niamey, the capital of Niger, has experienced continuous demographic growth (+4%), accompanied by rapid urban expansion that is insufficiently controlled. This growth, combined with the effects of climate change as well as a drastic change in land use (urbanization of cultivated fields, deforestation of plateaus and erosion of slopes) disrupts the water cycle, thus leading to the superposition of three types of floods: 1) rain floods (monsoon period);2) river floods (Niger river);and 3) flooding caused by rising water table. In several neighbourhoods, the water table is now out in a sustainable manner and degrades already fragile sanitary conditions. This study aims to clarify the functioning of aquifers in the city of Niamey due to the combination of geological, geophysical and hydrogeological data. Hydrogeological investigations make it possible to identify, in areas flooded by the water table, a shallow aquifer with low capacitance (effective porosity of a few %) and low permeability (2 × 10-6 to 1 × 10-4 m/s), overlying at a level shallow clay (~10 m) and lying on the Precambrian base (schists, granites). This configuration limits flows and has led to the appearance of permanent pools created by the water table in the valley thalweg in and around the city. Thus, in Niamey, an increase of up to twenty to forty meters was observed between 1961 and 2021 with seasonal piezometric fluctuations of a pluri-metric order following the rainy season. Beyond the health impacts, this trajectory negatively impacts land and locally causes degradation or displacement of traffic axes. Containing the level of the water table appears to be essential in the long term for sustainable sanitation in the city of Niamey.

关键词： Flood Impacts Water Table Geophysics Upwelling Niamey

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Physicochemical and Bacteriological Quality of Ground Water in the Basin of Gounti Yena Valley in Niamey City (Niger Republic)

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2022年第2期14卷 186-220页

作者： Halidou Alassane Hado mahaman moustapha adamou Guillaume Favreau Karmadine Hima Ibrahim Dan Dano Abdourahmane Toure Amadou Nafissa Saidou Faculty of Agronomy Abdou Moumouni University of Niamey Niamey Niger IGE Grenoble INP CNRS IRD Grenoble Alpes University Grenoble France Faculty of Science and Technology Abdou Moumouni University of Niamey Niamey Niger Medical and Health Research Center Niamey Niger Quali Control Lab Niamey Niger

The Gounti Yéna valley, the subject of this study, is a tributary of the Niger River, it is the main watercourse that divides the left bank of the city of Niamey into two unequal parts. The surface area of its watershed is estimated at about 62 Km2. The objective of the present study is on the one hand to evaluate the current state of the physico-chemical and bacteriological quality of the water of Gounti Yéna basin, and on the other hand to define the risks of water pollution and its origin in the face of the phenomenon of rising water table of this basin. In order to carry out this work, we proceeded to a study of the evolution of the physicochemical and bacteriological parameters of the water of the basin of Gounti Yéna during the period going from November 2020 to October 2021, at the level of four points of sampling chosen from the upstream to the downstream of the basin. The results obtained showed that the physico-chemical quality of the water in Gounti Yéna basin is influenced by the lithology of the watershed, climatic factors (rainfall and temperature) and anthropic actions. This study also highlighted the presence of fecal contamination in the water of the Gounti Yéna basin, with a greater degree of emphasis during the rainy season. This contamination remains a concern and may constitute a health risk.

关键词： Pollution Physicochemistry Bacteriology Water Table Flooding Niamey

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Influence of Re-Greening on the Infiltrability of Soils in South-Central Niger

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2014年第19期6卷 1731-1742页

作者： adamou mahaman moustapha Issoufou Baggnian Nazoumou Yahaya Toudou Adam Faculty of Agronomy Abdou Moumouni University Niamey Niger Faculty of Sciences and Technics Abdou Moumouni University Niamey Niger

In the Sahel, the climate and the agricultural practices are the main factors used to observe regreening process. But the extension of the latter not being uniform in the farming fields, we can suppose that there are other factors that contribute to the re-greening of certain zones and not others. The infiltrability of soils is considered as an important factor for these changes in the last decades. The influence of re-greening on the infiltrability of soils in the southern strip of Niger was studied through a comparison of zones according to the type of sandy soils (Jigawa/Rerey), siltyclay (Guiéza), silty-sandy (Hako) and clay-silty-sandy (Laka). The evaluated parameters are the texture, the infiltrability and the ecological characteristics (specific index of regeneration “SIR” and the Importance Value Index “IVI”). The main conclusions were: the soils of Niger South-Central are characterized by a sandy texture for more than 80%. The soils which are very sandy (“Jigawa”, “Rerey” and “Guieza”) are more permeable and have more trees contrary to the soil Hako and Laka. Their encrusting has the tendency to reduce the vegetation cover on the soil. The infiltration measurements indicated that the rate of initial and stationary infiltration diminishes while going down towards the South. In fact, it has been recorded a rate of 123 mm/min of initial infiltration and 87 mm/min stationary in Dan Saga on the sandy soils against 76 mm/min and 65 mm/min in Daré respectively for the initial and stationary rate. Therefore, the infiltration seems to influence the density, the SIR and the IVI of the trees from the North towards the South. Some additional work is necessary in order to determine the contribution of Farmer Managed Natural Regeneration (FMNR) in the improvement of the quality of soils and the movement of water in the superficial zones of the soil.

关键词： Infiltrability Specific Index of Regeneration Importance Value Index Superficial Zones

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Groundwater Annual Dynamics in the Basins of Woro and Chago (Eastern Niger) as Affected by Seasonal Variability and Anthropic Activities

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2013年第9期5卷 911-917页

作者： adamou mahaman moustapha Nazoumou Yahaya Aw Sadat Awaiss Yahaya Ambouta Karimou Abdou Moumouni University of Niamey Niamey Niger Institut National Polytechnique HB Yamoussoukro Ivory Coast

The Sahelian region is known to have extremes climatic constraints since the end of the seventies. The studied zone is characterized by an extreme spatial and temporal variability of the environmental factors, complicating the understanding of the mechanisms governing the functioning of the hydrological system in the basin. The evapotranspiration was very high (1975 mm/an), whereas the local annual rainfall was around 300 mm/year. The piezometric data showed a rise of the groundwater level during the rainy season and a decrease in the dry season. The water balance obtained using the Penman-Monteith method showed the predominance of the evapotranspiration (75% to 80% of the rainfall) on the drainage (20% to 25% of the precipitations).

关键词： Basin Groundwater Drought Evapotranspiration Variation

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Hydrodynamic Characterization of the Water Table of the Upper Dallol Maouri Basin (Niger)

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Open Journal of Modern Hydrology 2023年第2期13卷 77-93页

作者： Habi Hamani Abdoul-Hayou adamou mahaman moustapha Sandao Issoufou Alassane Hado Halidou Faculty of Agronomy Abdou Moumouni University of Niamey Niamey Niger Faculty of Sciences and Technics Abdou Moumouni University of Niamey Niamey Niger

The Dallol Maouri is a valley of an ancient tributary of the Niger River. The groundwater in this area of the upper Dallol Maouri is little known because of the weakness of the data. The purpose of this study is to make a hydrodynamic characterization of the water table of the upper dallol Maouri by piezometric approach. A piezometric monitoring network made up of 65 points (54 wells and 11 piezometers) was set up. Six (6) piezometric measurement campaigns were carried out from June 2018 to June 2021. The piezometric survey is carried out once every six months: in January and June corresponding respectively to the high and low water period. The results show that the water table is multi-layered in places with a combination of alluvial and Continental Terminal 3 (CT3) aquifers, or perched aquifers and inferoflux aquifers around permanent ponds. The flow direction of the Continental Terminal 3 (CT3) aquifer is mainly North-East/South-West. The piezometric levels are around 219 m (in the South-West part) and 281 m (in the North-East part). The hydraulic gradient varies from 0.018‰ to 1.83‰. The recharge zones are located in the outcrop zone of the aquifer and in the valleys. A lack of recharge is observed on the plateaus despite the presence of numerous permanent ponds. The recharge coefficient in 2020 is estimated at 25% of the total rainfall recorded.

关键词： Aquifer Piezometry Pond Recharge Isotopic

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Management of Urban Wastewater in the City of Maradi (Niger): The Case of Domestic Wastewater

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2015年第3期3卷 25-34页

作者： Saidou Hassidou Laminou Ary mahaman moustapha Faculty of Sciences and Techniques University Dan Dicko Dankoulodo of Maradi Niger Republic

Uncontrolled urbanization of African cities and the lack of municipal waste management services in these cities make landscapes become places of multiple and varied interactions between health and environment. In this sense, under strong urban growth in a context of sub-equipment sanitation, the city of Maradi doesn’t escape to this situation which results in the spread of pollution (release of unpleasant odors, and proliferation of mosquitoes) and many diseases posing multiple health problems. Our study focuses only on liquid waste especially domestic wastewater. To study the different domestic wastewater management options in the town of Maradi, a survey was conducted among 340 households in 17 districts. We note in most cases a crucial of waste management infrastructure (drainage and wastewater treatment) in the city. Thus, only the individual sanitation facilities are used. In the town of Maradi, in addition to the storm drains, there are, in old districts, ditches that discharge wastewater and unfortunately end up in rivers without treatment. Total domestic wastewater production is estimated at 86761.28 m3 per day. This water is mostly from laundry activities, bathing, dishes, and is discharged in large part through the streets, by more than 60% of households. Also, pit emptying is performed at 39.11% by the vehicle Peugeot tank. The quality of service rendered by an actor is very important to encourage households to join. Existing autonomous sanitation facilities are poorly designed and poorly maintained. Fecal sludge is dumped in a hole near saturated latrines;this work is mainly done by manual scavengers or dumped in fields or on nearby vacant land concessions.

关键词： Management Urban Wastewater Domestic Wastewater Maradi Niger

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Monitoring of the Physicochemical and Bacteriological Quality of the Water of the Gounti-Yéna Basin and Assessment of the Impact on the Health of the Populations

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2022年第7期13卷 459-489页

作者： Halidou Alassane Hado adamou mahaman moustapha Guillaume Favreau Karmadine Hima Ibrahim Dan Dano Abdourhamane Amadou Toure Nafissa Saidou Faculty of Agronomy Abdou Moumouni University of Niamey Niamey Niger Grenoble Alpes University IRD CNRS Grenoble INP IGE Grenoble France Faculty of Science and Technology Abdou Moumouni University of Niamey Niamey Niger Medical and Health Research Center Niamey Niger Quali Control Lab Niamey Niger

The Gounti Yéna valley is the main watercourse that divides the left bank of the city of Niamey into two unequal parts. The area of its watershed is estimated at about 62 km2. The objective of this study is on the one hand to evaluate the current state of the physico-chemical and bacteriological quality of the water of the Gounti Yéna basin and on the other hand to define the risks of water pollution and its origin in the face of the phenomenon of the rise in the water table of this basin by defining some health risks linked to these impacts. In order to properly carry out this work, we carried out a study of the evolution of the physicochemical and bacteriological parameters of the water of the Gounti Yéna basin during the period from November 2020 to October 2021, at three sampling points chosen from upstream to downstream of the basin then entomological surveys and among the health centers of the capital. The results obtained showed that the physico-chemical quality of water in the Gounti Yéna basin is influenced by climatic factors (precipitation and temperature) and anthropogenic actions. This study also highlighted the presence of faecal contamination in the water of the Gounti Yéna basin with a greater degree during the rainy season. This contamination remains worrying and constitutes a health risk causing waterborne diseases. The stagnation of the various bodies of water is also a favorable place for the development and spread of vector-borne diseases.

关键词： Pond Resurgence Point Flooding Health Impact Urban Environment

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Jackstone Caliciel Complicating a Kidney Cyst: Clinical Case and Literature Review

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Open Journal of Urology 2024年第10期14卷 514-518页

作者： Oumarou Karimoune Mossi Soumana Amadou Mamane Sani Ousmane Manzo mahaman Salissou adamou Kaka mahaman Salissou Dambaki Abdoul-Kadri Moussa Yahouza Boka Tounga Department Urology National Hospital Amirou Boubacar Diallo Niamey Niger Department Radiology National Hospital Amirou Boubacar Diallo Niamey Niger

The jackstone is a rare type of urinary stone, recognized for its distinctive shape. While historically described in veterinary pathology, it has also been found in humans, most commonly in the bladder and typically associated with urinary stasis. However, its occurrence in the renal calyx is extremely rare. We report a case of a jackstone located in the renal calyx, secondary to a large Bosniak 1 renal cyst. The simultaneous presence of the calyceal stone and renal cyst prompted us to opt for open surgery, allowing for comprehensive treatment of both conditions. The patient’s postoperative recovery was smooth, demonstrating that despite its invasiveness, open surgery remains a relevant option for managing complex stones, particularly in resource-limited settings.

关键词： Jackstone Renal Lithiasis Renal Cyst Nephrolithotomy

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