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Reform of the irri.ation Sector and Creation of Functional and Sustai.able irri.ation Water Users Associations (AUEi) in Niger: Capi.ali.ation of the Experience of the konni.aHA

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第2期15卷 209-229页

作者： Saidou Abdoulkarimou illou mahamadou Faculty of Agricultural Sciences Boubacar Ba University of Tillabéri Tillabéri Niger Faculty of Letters and Human Sciences André Salifou University of Zinder Zinder Niger

During the 1980s, as part of a policy of liberali.ation, following budgetary cuts linked to the implementation of structural adjustment programs, management responsibilities for AHAs were transferred from ONAHA to cooperatives concerned. Due to lack of fi.ancial resources, but also because of poor management, everywhere in Niger we are witnessing an accelerated deterioration of the irri.ation infrastructure of hydro-agricultural developments. institutional studies carried out on this situation led the State of Niger to initiate a reform of the governance of hydro-agricultural developments, by streng-thening the status of ONAHA, by creating an Association of irri.ation Water Users (AUEi) and by restructuring the old cooperatives. indeed, this research aims to analyze the creation of functional and sustai.able irri.ation Water User Associations (AUEi) in Niger in a context of reform of the irri.ation sector, and based on the experience of the konni.aHA. it is based on a methodologi.al approach which takes into account documentary research and the collection of data from 115 farmers, selected by reasoned choice and directly concerned by the management of the irri.ated area. The data collected was analyzed and the results were analyzed using the systemic approach and the diagnostic process. The results show that the main mission of the AUEi is to ensure better management of water, hydraulic equipment and infrastructure on the hydro-agricultural developments of konni. The creation of the konni.aUEi was possible thanks to massive support from the populations and authorities in the implementation process. After its establishment, the AUEi experienced a certain lethargy for some time due to the rehabili.ation work of the AHA but currently it is functional and operational in terms of associative life and governance. Thus, the constraints linked to the legal system, the delay in the completion of the work, the uncertainties of access to irri.ation water but also the problems

关键词： konni (Niger) Hydro-Agricultural Developments Association of irri.ation Water Users Governance

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Vagi.al Cesarean Section, an Alternative to High-Risk Trigger on Scarred Uterus

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第7期14卷 979-982页

作者： Famakan kane mahamadou kei.a Yacouba Sylla Soumai.a Diallo Diassana mahamadou Traore Tidiane Hpi.al du District de Bla Bamako Mali Hpi.al du District Commune i Bamako Mali Hpi.al FOUSSEYNi DAOU de kayes Bamako Mali Hpi.al NiANAkORO FOMBA de SEGOU Bamako Mali

The objective is to report a clini.al case of vagi.al cesarean section performed to expel a dead fetus in scarred uterus. For this indi.ation, vagi.al hysterectomy constitutes an alternative to vagi.al expulsion with a high risk of uterine rupture and to classic abdomi.al cesarean section with risk of signifi.ant surgi.al trauma, particularly adhesions. However, this surgi.al technique, described since the 19th century, remains unknown to many practitioners and few publi.ations exist on the subject throughout the world. Considered obsolete by some practitioners, it retains all its advantages in the practice of modern obstetrics. We report this case of expulsion of fetal death on a tri-scarred uterus performed by vagi.al cesarean section at the Health District Reference Health Center (District Hospi.al) of Commune i in Bamako, Mali in a 37-year-old patient with a pregnancy of 27 weeks of amenorrhea.

关键词： Vagi.al Cesarean Section Birth on Scarred Uterus in Utero Fetal Death

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Peri.arditis in Cardiology at a Regional Hospi.al

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2024年第9期14卷 581-587页

作者： Couli.aly Souleymane Traoré Djénébou konaté Massama B. A. Hamidou Oumar Guindo Aissata Yves Roland koumaré Sidibé Samba Sako Mariam Sanogo Alpha kodio Aniéssa mahamadou yaya kéi.a Diakité Mamadou Menta ichaka Department of Cardiology CHU Point G Bamako Mali Department of internal Medicine CHU Point G Bamako Mali Mali Hospi.al Medi.al Department Bamako Mali Department of Cardiology Gabriel Tour University Hospital Bamako Mali Department of Cardiology Nianankoro Fomba Hospital Sgou Mali

introduction: Peri.arditis is an inflammation of the peri.ardium with or without peri.ardial fluid effusion. its prevalence is difficult to determine given the many forms that are not symptomatic. in Afri.a, its prevalence was 6.3% in Gabon in 2020 and 7.2% in Mali in 2022. in Europe, an i.alian study esti.ates the incidence of acute peri.arditis at 27.7 cases per 100,000 people per year. in another study conducted in Finland over a period of 9 years, the incidence of peri.arditis requiring hospi.ali.ation was 3.32 cases per 100,000 people per year. The aim of our study was to describe the clini.al and paraclini.al characteristics of peri.arditis observed in the cardiology department of the regional hospi.al in Mali. Methodology: This was a single centre cross-sectional study from 30 January 2018 to 30 June 2020 in the cardiology department of the Ségou regional hospi.al. All consenting patients, regardless of age or sex hospi.alised in the department for peri.arditis confirmed on cardiac ultrasound were included. Data were collected using an individual patient follow-up form recording sociodemographic, clini.al, biologi.al, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic data, as well as the course of the disease. Results: Out of 879 patients hospi.alized, the hospi.al frequency was 7.28%. Females predomi.ated, with a sex ratio of 0.42. More than half the patients were aged 45 or younger (59.4%). The mean age of patients was 41.8 ± 18.1 years. Cardiovascular risk factors were domi.ated by hypertension and smoking (46.9% and 12.5% respectively). The reasons for consultation were dyspnoea (84.3%), chest pain (54.7%), cough (71.9%) and fever (34.4%). Physi.al signs included muffled heart sounds (76.6%), tachycardia (70.3%), peri.ardial friction (17.2%) and signs of peripheral stasis in 53.1% of cases. We observed elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) in 57.8% of cases, hypercreatini.aemia in 37.5% and positive HiV serology in 3.1%. The major radiographic signs were cardiomegal

关键词： Peri.arditis Epidemiology Clinic Nianankoro Fomba Hospi.al Ségou

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Litho-Tectonic Architecture of the Dialafara Area, kédougou-kéniéba inlier, integration of New Field Data and Geophysics

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Open Journal of Geology 2024年第3期14卷 279-297页

作者： mahamadou Diallo Mamadou Yossi ibrahim Méyès Couli.aly Youssouf Son Amako Dolo Département de Géologie et Mines Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs Abderhamane Baba Touré (ENI-ABT) Bamako Mali Sagax Afrique S.A Geophysi.al Surveys and Consulting Bamako Mali

The Dialafara area is part of the highly endowed kédougou-kéniéba inlier (kki), West-Malian gold belt, which corresponds to a Paleoproterozoic window through the West Afri.an Craton (WAC). This study presents, first of all, an integration of geophysi.al data interpretation with litho-structural field reconnaissance and then proposes a new litho-structural map of the Dialafara area. The Dialafara area shows a variety of lithology characterized by volcanic and volcano-sedimentary units, metasediments and plutonic intrusion. These lithologies were affected by a complex superposition of structures of unequal importance defining three deformation phases (DD1 to DD3) under ductile to brittle regimes. These features permit to portray a new litho-structural map, which shows that the Dialafara area presents a more complex lithologi.al and structural context than the one presented in regional map of the kki. This leads to the evidence that this area could be a potential site for exploration as it is situated between two world-class gold districts.

关键词： kédougou-kéniéba inlier Dialafara Mapping Aeromagnetic Data Structure

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Miti.ating iron Toxicity by Using Rock Phosphate to improve Rice Productivity

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第4期15卷 423-438页

作者： Adama Bagayogo Honoré kam Jacques Sawadogo Moumouni konate Moussa Sie Satoshi Nakamura Fujio Nagumo mahamadou Sawadogo Ouaga i Uviversity Jospeph Ki-Zerbo Life and Earth Sciences Training and Research Unit (UFR/SVT) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso National Center for Scientific and Technologi.al Research National Institute of Environment and Agricultural Research (INERA) Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Japan international Research Center for Agricultural Sciences Ibaraki Japan

iron toxicity is a major constraint to rice production, particularly in highly weathered soils of inland valleys in Sub-Saharan Afri.a where the rice growing area is rapidly expanding. This study aimed to improve the productiveness of iron toxicity sensitive’s rice fields as well as in the unsensitive fields by using local phosphate fertilizers. Eighteen (18) rice genotypes were been assessed in a split plot design in two areas: without iron toxicity and with iron toxicity. NPk, Nk, Rock Phosphate, Triple super phosphate, Calcined phosphate and Acidulated phosphate were used as fertilizers. Data collection was focused on agronomic traits and yield (g/m2). The best fertilizers in the area without iron toxicity were NPk (820.2 g/m2) and triple super phosphate (751.7 g/m2). in the iron toxicity area, the best yields were performed by NPk (785.5 g/m2) and raw calcined phosphate (698.3 g/m2). Yet, the Accessions 15, Accessions 225, Accessions 226 and Accessions 270 were rainfed rice genotypes while CC109 A, HB 46 and HB 62 were low-land/irri.ated rice genotypes. NPk, Nk and acidulated phosphate fertilizers alleviate the best, iron toxicity in both sensitive and unsensitive rice fields.

关键词： Oryza NPk Nk Rock Phosphate Rice

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Contribution of i.agery in the Diagnosis of Multisystemic Sarcoidosis in the Service Radiology Department of the Mother and Child Hospi.al “Le Luxembourg” in Bamako: A Case Report

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Open Journal of Medi.al i.aging 2024年第3期14卷 79-85页

作者： Mariko Mahamane Camara Mamoudou kei.a Aboubacar Sidiki N’Diaye mahamadou Camara Mody Abdoulaye Fofana Youssouf Traoré Mohamed Maba Sidibé Siaka Sanogo Souleymane kei.a Adama Diaman Department of Radiology Mother and Child Hospital Luxembourg Bamako Mali Medi.al i.aging Exploration and Diagnostic Center Conakry Guinea Assistant at the Faculty of Health Sciences and Techniques at the Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry Department of Radiology Military Hospital of Bamako Bamako Mali Department of Radiology Mali Hospital Bamako Mali Department of Radiology Point G Hospital Bamako Mali

The aim of this study was to report a case of multi-visceral sarcoidosis at the Mother-Child Hospi.al Center (CHME) “Le Luxembourg” in Bamako, Mali. Observation: This is a patient aged 62 at the time of consultation, a housewife, residing in the Banconi district, who was referred to us for thoracic-abdominopelvic i.aging for chronic liver disease. After several diagnostic errors, the thoracic-abdominopelvic CT scan and liver MRi performed in our center showed, at the thoracoabdomi.al level, bi.ateral diffuse pulmonary micronodules and bi.ateral mediasti.al-hi.ar lymphadenopathy;on the abdomi.al level, a dysmorphic liver with plaques of steatosis and a granular appearance of the liver parenchyma without periportal fibrosis. These i.aging data combined with those from the liver nodule biopsy and biology confirmed the diagnosis of sarcoidosis type ii. Treatment with corticosteroids gave satisfactory results and the patient recovered after 18 months. Clini.al and CT monitoring 2 years from the start of the disease and 2 months from the end of treatment showed complete resolution of the lesions. Conclusion: The multi-visceral location of sarcoidosis is an entity whose diagnosis remains difficult;diagnostic and interventional i.aging has an important place in its management.

关键词： Sarcoidosis Multi Visceral i.aging CHME Luxembourg

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Contribution of Stress Testing to the Management of ischemic Heart Disease in Mali

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2024年第2期14卷 77-87页

作者： Youssouf Camara Hamidou Oumar Ba ibrahi.a Sangaré Boubacar Sonfo Coumba Adiaratou Thiam mahamadou Sékou Diakité koni.a Diarra karamba Touré Massama konaté ichaka Menta Cardiology Department University Hospital Professeur Bocar Sidi Sall Kati Kati Mali Cardiology Department University Hospital Gabriel Touré Bamako Mali Cardiology Department Mali Hospital Bamako Mali

introduction: Exercise stress testing (on a treadmill or ergometer bicycle) is an important test in cardiology for diagnosing myocardial ischemia. This test in Mali is still in its beginning compared to other countries in the sub-region. The lack of data in Mali prompted this study, which aimed to evaluate the indi.ations of this activity and its diagnostic contribution to cardiology in Mali. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective, descriptive study. The study was conducted at the “TOUCAM” medi.al clinic in kati based on the analysis of stress test reports between January 2016 and August 2022. Result: During the study period, we documented 73 patients who underwent exercise testing on a bicycle ergometer for suspected coronary heart disease. The mean age of our patients was 47.5 ± 13.8 years (14 and 79 years). Males accounted for the majority (78.1%). The sex ratio is 3.5. More than half of our patients were overweight or obese (77.1%). Hypertension and diabetes affected 52.1% and 25.8% of patients, respectively. 20.8% of patients had coronary artery disease. renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockers (56.8%) and beta-blockers (51.3%). The main indi.ations were chest pain (63.0%) and ischemia detection (15.1%). A modified STEEP protocol was used. The majority of our patients (71.2%) achieved at least 85% of their maximum theoreti.al heart rate. The main reason for the termi.ation of the study was fatigue (57.3%). The average duration was 11.3 ± 4.2 minutes. 24.7% thought the stress tests were positive and 17.8% thought they were controversial. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the importance of stress testing in the diagnosis and treatment of ischemic heart disease, especially in settings where we have very limited access to coronary angiography.

关键词： Stress Test ischemic Heart Disease Mali

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Epidemiologi.al and Anatomo Path Ologi.al Aspects of Stomach Cancers at the koutiala District Hospi.al

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Surgi.al Science 2024年第7期15卷 444-450页

作者： mahamadou Couli.aly Souleymane Sanogo Samuel kletigui Dembélé Moussa Diassana Brehi.a Ballo Cheick Aka Wai.alo Bréhi.a Bengaly Bi.ama Togola Drissa Traoré Nouhoum Ongoi.a Faculty of Medicine University of Science Technique and Technologies of Bamako Bamako Mali Department of Surgery Koutiala Hospital Bamako Mali Department of Surgery University Hospital Center Point G Bamako Mali Department of Surgery Tominian Hospital Tominian Mali Department of Surgery Sikasso Hospital Sikasso Mali

Aim: This paper aims to evaluate the epidemiologi.al and pathologi.al aspects of stomach cancer at koutiala District Hospi.al. Methods: This was a retrospective study carried out in the General Surgery Department of the koutiala District Hospi.al Health Centre. The records of patients admitted for stomach cancer in the period from August 1, 2017 to December 31, 2022 were collected. Patients who underwent surgery for stomach cancer were included in the study. Patients who had not undergone surgery were excluded. Results: We collected records from 40 patients operated on for stomach cancer. The median age was 58.4 years ± 5.7. Men were in the majority with 72.5% The sex ratio was 2.6. The incidence rate of stomach cancer in the general population in the circle was 4.9 cases per 100,000 population. Patients had a history of gastric ulcer in 90%, Helicobacter pylori infection in 47.5% and a notion of excessive salt consumption in 47.5%. The median duration of disease progression was 5 years ± 2.3. The seat was antro-pyloric in 77.5%. The cancer was ulcerative budding in 23 patients. Adenocarcinoma was the histologi.al type in all patients. The cancer was classified as stage iii in 30 cases and stage iV in 10 cases. Palliative surgi.al treatment was the most performed (47.5%). Postoperative morbidity was 15% and mortality was 42.5% at one year. Conclusion: Stomach cancer is common in the ward. Most patients consult at the stage of metastasis. Palliative surgery remains the most practi.al. Postoperative morbidity and mortality is very high.

关键词： Epidemiology Stomach Cancer koutiala

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Epidemiologi.al, Clini.al and Therapeutic Aspects of Bladder Tumors in a Schistosomiasis-Endemic Country

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Open Journal of Urology 2024年第3期14卷 151-159页

作者： Amadou kassogue idrissa Sissoko Alkadri Diarra Moussa Salifou Diallo Daouda Sangare Bourei.a Couli.aly Philippe Togo Albacaye Sember mahamadou Traore Salia Couli.aly Mamadou Lamine Diakite Urology Department Pr Bocar Sidy Sall University Hospital Kati Mali Urology Department Luxembourg University Hospital Bamako Mali Medi.al i.aging Department Pr Bocar Sidy Sall University Hospital Kati Mali Urology Department Point G University Hospital Bamako Mali

introduction: Bladder tumors are common in our country;Mali is a bilharzial endemic country. in our context, uri.ary bilharzia is common, and bladder tumors arouse particular interest in the field of urologi.al oncology, because of their frequency, their diagnosis, their difficulty in management and their histologi.al particularity. The objective of our work was to study the epidemiologi.al, clini.al and therapeutic aspects of bladder tumors. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive study with a retrospective and prospective collection that took place over 3 years from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2022. Results: We identified 316 cases of bladder tumors during this period. Bladder tumors are a common pathology representing 35.95% of all hospi.alized patients, and occupying the 1st rank of tumors in urology in the Urology Department of the Pr Bocar Sidy Sall University Hospi.al in kati. Bladder tumors were more common in men with 56.33%. The average age of our patients was 50 years ± 25.8 years and the extreme ages were 20 and 87 years. Uri.ary schistosomiasis, considered a predisposing factor, was found in 66.78% of cases in our patients as a history. Transurethral resection of the bladder was performed in 100% of our patients, nephrostomy in 1.90% of cases, ureterostomy in 1.58% of cases, Bricker type uri.ary diversion in 1.27% of cases, and a neobladder in 0.32% of cases. Squamous cell carcinoma is the domi.ant histologi.al type (88.29%). The postoperative outcome was 99% favorable after resection. Conclusion: Bladder tumors were mainly tumors infiltrating the bladder muscle. The main risk factor was uri.ary bilharzia. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common histologi.al type with a diagnostic delay, thus limiting radi.al treatment after resection of the bladder tumor.

关键词： TURB Squamous Cell Carcinoma Uri.ary Schistosomiasis

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incidences and Risk Factors for Surgi.al Site infections in koutiala, Mali

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Surgi.al Science 2024年第7期15卷 465-469页

作者： mahamadou Couli.aly Moussa Diassana issiaka Diarra Bréhi.a Bengaly Bi.ama Togola Drissa Ouattara Souleymane Sanogo Samuel kletigui Dembélé Cheick Aka Wai.alo Brehi.a Ballo Drissa Traoré Nouhoum Ongoi.a Faculty of Medicine University of Science Technique and Technologies of Bamako Bamako Mali Department of Surgery Koutiala Hospital Koutiala Mali Department of Surgery Sikasso Hospital Sikasso Mali Dpartement de Chirurgie Hpital Commune I Bamako Mali Department of Surgery University Hospital Center Point G Bamako Mali Department of Surgery Tominian Hospital Tominian Mali

Purpose: This paper aims to assess the incidences and risk factors for surgi.al site (iSO) infections in the general surgery department of the koutiala District Hospi.al. Patients and Methods: This was a prospective and descriptive study from August 1, 2017 to October 31, 2020 involving all patients who underwent laparotomy in the general surgery department of the koutiala District Hospi.al. Patients who were not operated on and who did not have a laparotomy were not included. Age, sex, frequency, patient history, National Nosocomial infections Surveillance (NNiS) index, time to occur, bacteriologi.al test results and course of infection were analyzed. Results: Fifty patients were registered. The average age was 34.2 ± 21.2 years old. Eleven patients were 60 years old or older. The hospi.al incidence rate was 4.3% and the community incidence rate was 6.1 cases per 100,000 population. The concept of smoking was noted in 15 patients. Patients were operated on in emergency 84% of cases. Peritonitis was the most common initial lesion with 32% of cases. Our patients had an NNiS index greater than 0 in 84% of cases. The time to develop infection from the surgi.al site was less than 3 days in 8 patients (16% of cases). Depending on the depth of the infection, it was superficial (cutaneous) in 39 patients (78%) and deep (subcutaneous and organic) in 11 patients (22%). Escherichia coli was the most common germ with 72% followed by staphylococcus aureus at 24%. We noted 22% morbidity. The median length of hospi.ali.ation was 9 ± 2.2 days. Conclusion: iSO is common in our service. Prevention and mastery require knowledge of risk factors.

关键词： Surgi.al Site infection incidence Risk Factors Surgery

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