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Epidemiological, Clinical and Therapeutic Aspects of Bladder Tumors in a Schistosomiasis-Endemic Country

Open Journal of Urology 2024年第3期14卷 151-159页

作者： Amadou Kassogue Idrissa Sissoko Alkadri Diarra Moussa Salifou Diallo Daouda Sangare Boureima Coulibaly Philippe Togo Albacaye Sember mahamadou Traore Salia Coulibaly Mamadou Lamine Diakite Urology Department Pr Bocar Sidy Sall University Hospital Kati Mali Urology Department Luxembourg University Hospital Bamako Mali Medical Imaging Department Pr Bocar Sidy Sall University Hospital Kati Mali Urology Department Point G University Hospital Bamako Mali

Introduction: Bladder tumors are common in our country;Mali is a bilharzial endemic country. In our context, urinary bilharzia is common, and bladder tumors arouse particular interest in the field of urological oncology, because of their frequency, their diagnosis, their difficulty in management and their histological particularity. The objective of our work was to study the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects of bladder tumors. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive study with a retrospective and prospective collection that took place over 3 years from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2022. Results: We identified 316 cases of bladder tumors during this period. Bladder tumors are a common pathology representing 35.95% of all hospitalized patients, and occupying the 1st rank of tumors in urology in the Urology Department of the Pr Bocar Sidy Sall University Hospital in Kati. Bladder tumors were more common in men with 56.33%. The average age of our patients was 50 years ± 25.8 years and the extreme ages were 20 and 87 years. Urinary schistosomiasis, considered a predisposing factor, was found in 66.78% of cases in our patients as a history. Transurethral resection of the bladder was performed in 100% of our patients, nephrostomy in 1.90% of cases, ureterostomy in 1.58% of cases, Bricker type urinary diversion in 1.27% of cases, and a neobladder in 0.32% of cases. Squamous cell carcinoma is the dominant histological type (88.29%). The postoperative outcome was 99% favorable after resection. Conclusion: Bladder tumors were mainly tumors infiltrating the bladder muscle. The main risk factor was urinary bilharzia. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common histological type with a diagnostic delay, thus limiting radical treatment after resection of the bladder tumor.

关键词： TURB Squamous Cell Carcinoma Urinary Schistosomiasis

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Incidences and Risk Factors for Surgical Site Infections in Koutiala, Mali

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Surgical Science 2024年第7期15卷 465-469页

作者： mahamadou Coulibaly Moussa Diassana Issiaka Diarra Bréhima Bengaly Birama Togola Drissa Ouattara Souleymane Sanogo Samuel Kletigui Dembélé Cheick Aka Waigalo Brehima Ballo Drissa Traoré Nouhoum Ongoiba Faculty of Medicine University of Science Technique and Technologies of Bamako Bamako Mali Department of Surgery Koutiala Hospital Koutiala Mali Department of Surgery Sikasso Hospital Sikasso Mali Dpartement de Chirurgie Hpital Commune I Bamako Mali Department of Surgery University Hospital Center Point G Bamako Mali Department of Surgery Tominian Hospital Tominian Mali

Purpose: This paper aims to assess the incidences and risk factors for surgical site (ISO) infections in the general surgery department of the Koutiala District Hospital. Patients and Methods: This was a prospective and descriptive study from August 1, 2017 to October 31, 2020 involving all patients who underwent laparotomy in the general surgery department of the Koutiala District Hospital. Patients who were not operated on and who did not have a laparotomy were not included. Age, sex, frequency, patient history, National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) index, time to occur, bacteriological test results and course of infection were analyzed. Results: Fifty patients were registered. The average age was 34.2 ± 21.2 years old. Eleven patients were 60 years old or older. The hospital incidence rate was 4.3% and the community incidence rate was 6.1 cases per 100,000 population. The concept of smoking was noted in 15 patients. Patients were operated on in emergency 84% of cases. Peritonitis was the most common initial lesion with 32% of cases. Our patients had an NNIS index greater than 0 in 84% of cases. The time to develop infection from the surgical site was less than 3 days in 8 patients (16% of cases). Depending on the depth of the infection, it was superficial (cutaneous) in 39 patients (78%) and deep (subcutaneous and organic) in 11 patients (22%). Escherichia coli was the most common germ with 72% followed by staphylococcus aureus at 24%. We noted 22% morbidity. The median length of hospitalization was 9 ± 2.2 days. Conclusion: ISO is common in our service. Prevention and mastery require knowledge of risk factors.

关键词： Surgical Site Infection Incidence Risk Factors Surgery

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Ureteroscopy with Holmium: YAG Laser—A Initial Study in the Urology Department of the Pr Bocar Sidy Sall University Hospital of Kati

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Open Journal of Urology 2024年第4期14卷 207-216页

作者： Amadou Kassogue Idrissa Sissoko Daouda Sangare Moussa Salifou Diallo Hamed Sylla mahamadou Traore Boureima Coulibaly Salia Coulibaly Modibo Diakite Modibo Togola Fadima Tall Ilias Guindo Ben Naoum Kamel Mamadou Lamine Diakite Urology Department University Hospital of Pr Bocar Sidy Sall Kati Mali Radiology Department University Hospital of Pr Bocar Sidy Sall Kati Mali Anesthesy and Reanimation Department University Hospital of Pr Bocar Sidy Sall Kati Mali Urology Department University Hospital Nimes France Urology Department University Hospital of Point G Bamako Mali

Introduction: Ureteroscopy is a minimally invasive endoscopic surgery which provides access to the ureter, pyelon and calyceal cavities via the urethra and the bladder. Laser ureteroscopy uses the laser as an energy source to treat the stone and eliminate it naturally. Minimally invasive endoscopic methods are struggling to become popular in sub-Saharan African countries, especially for the upper urinary tract. The objective of our work was to report the results of our first laser ureteroscopy experience in the department. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective and descriptive study running from December 1, 2023 to February 19, 2024. Included in our study was any case of upper urinary tract stone operated by Laser ureteroscopy. The characteristics of the lithiasis were determined by CT scan. Sterilization of urine was verified by carrying out a cytobacteriological examination of urine. Ureteral lithiasis was approached by semi-rigid ureteroscopy. Renal lithiasis was immediately addressed by flexible ureteroscopy. Ureteroscopy was coupled with a Holmium YAG laser. A double J ureteral catheter was placed after the operation. A 230 µm laser fiber was used in each case with a generator with a power of 35 watts (Storz Calculase III type). An access sheath was used in all cases of flexible ureteroscopy. The parameters studied were: sociodemographic characteristics, lithiasis (site, size, number, density, topography), type of anesthesia, duration of laser use, duration of intervention, postoperative outcomes. Data entry and analysis were carried out using the software (Word 2016 and SPSS). Result: We collected 30 cases of laser ureteroscopy. The average age was 37 years with extremes of 9 and 79 years. The male gender was more represented. The most common age group was 24-39 years old. Renal colic was the most frequent reason for admission, 12 patients (40%). On physical examination, lumbar tenderness was present in 47% (14 patients). ECBU was positive in 4 patients

关键词： Ureteroscopy Semi-Rigid Flexible Holmium YAG Laser

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Evolution of Mother-to-Child HIV-1 Transmission Rate in Mali from 2009 to 2018

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Advances in Microbiology 2024年第5期14卷 256-267页

作者： Alou Sanogo Mohamed Ag Baraïka Maïga Aminata Demba Koita mahamadou Abdou Mamadou Guindo Clémentine N’Diaye Fatoumata Namoudou Traoré Abdoulaye Bagayoko Youssouf Diallo Flabou Bougoudogo Ibrehima Guindo National Institute for Public Health Bamako Mali Faculty of Pharmacy (FAPH) University of Science of Technical and Technology de Bamako Bamako Mali University Hospital Center (CHU)-Point G Bamako Mali Faculty of Medecine and Odonto-Stomatology University of Science of Technical and Technology de Bamako Bamako Mali Sector Unit for the Fight against AIDS Tuberculosis and Hepatitis Bamako Mali UNICEF (United Nations Children’ s Fund) Bamako Mali

Despite enormous efforts to achieve the goal of eliminating mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1, it remains a major challenge for many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly Mali. Our objective is to assess changes in the rate of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1. We conducted a cross-sectional study between January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2018 (10 years) of early diagnosis activity in newborns and children born to HIV-1-positive mothers at the National Institute for Public Health (INSP). The samples came from health and referral centers in mali. All samples were received at the Laboratory of Molecular Biology at the INSP. Proviral DNA extraction was performed from a blood spot sample with a Roche DNA kit, Cobas AmpliPrep/Cobas TaqMan HIV-1 qualitative Test, V2.0 (Roche Molecular System, Inc, USA) following the company procedures. Molecular diagnosis was performed using the same kits using an algorithm of three identical PCRs. The Epi Info version 7 software was used for data analysis with a significance threshold of 5%. A total of 10,714 samples of infants and children born to HIV-positive mothers were analyzed by PCR. Ninety-six percent of mothers were on ARV prophylaxis (AZT 3TC NVP and AZT NVP) and 60% of newborns received the same ARV prophylaxis. Of these children, 956 tested positive with an overall transmission rate of 8.92%, varying between 7.27% in 2009 and 08.01% in 2018. This rate was relatively low among children receiving prophylaxis at 2.04% and remained high for children who received breastfeeding at 5.62%. However, the transmission rate remains low for those who have benefited from mixed and artificial breastfeeding at 1.58% and 1.27% respectively. A significant proportion of children remained infected by their mothers during pregnancy, childbirth or breastfeeding. This study shows the importance of early diagnosis of HIV in children using molecular technology.

关键词： Early Diagnosis Mothers-to-Child Newborns PCR DNA HIV-1

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Nutritional and microbiological evaluations of chocolate-coated Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima) fruit for commercial use

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2008年第9期9卷 675-683页

作者： mahamadou E. GOUNGA State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology School of Food Science & Technology Jiangnan University

In recent years, China has become an increasingly important and the largest chestnut producer in the world. This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional value and microbiological quality of the roasted freeze-dried Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima) (RFDC) coated with dark chocolate (DCC) and milk chocolate (MCC) for industrial use and commercial consumption. Chocolate coating significantly improved the nutritional value of chestnut. RFDC had high levels of starch (66.23%) and fibers (3.85%) while DCC and MCC contained significantly high amounts of sucrose, protein, fat and minerals. Furthermore, the protein content doubled in MCC rather than in DCC. This could be attributed to the different formulations in the two products. Milk powder and whey protein constituted the source of protein in MCC while cocoa powder added to MCC formulation constituted an additional source of minerals. The amino acid profile showed differences in amino acid composition related to the sample’s protein content, indicating their good nutritional quality. The moisture contents in all RFDC, DCC and MCC were suitable for industrial processing. These results provide information about the additional nutrients of chocolate-coated chestnut and confirm that the product is an interesting nutritional food. The combination of freeze-drying and chocolate-coating generally results in greater reductions on microbiological loads, extending shelf life of harvested chestnut for commercial application. This is an alternative strategy to add value to chestnut, minimizing the significant losses in harvested fruits and providing a wider range of choices of new products to the consumer disposal.

关键词： Chestnut Coating Dark chocolate Milk chocolate Nutritional qualities Microbiological analysis

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Pericarditis in Cardiology at a Regional Hospital

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2024年第9期14卷 581-587页

作者： Coulibaly Souleymane Traoré Djénébou Konaté Massama B. A. Hamidou Oumar Guindo Aissata Yves Roland Koumaré Sidibé Samba Sako Mariam Sanogo Alpha Kodio Aniéssa mahamadou Yaya Kéita Diakité Mamadou Menta Ichaka Department of Cardiology CHU Point G Bamako Mali Department of Internal Medicine CHU Point G Bamako Mali Mali Hospital Medical Department Bamako Mali Department of Cardiology Gabriel Tour University Hospital Bamako Mali Department of Cardiology Nianankoro Fomba Hospital Sgou Mali

Introduction: Pericarditis is an inflammation of the pericardium with or without pericardial fluid effusion. Its prevalence is difficult to determine given the many forms that are not symptomatic. In Africa, its prevalence was 6.3% in Gabon in 2020 and 7.2% in Mali in 2022. In Europe, an Italian study estimates the incidence of acute pericarditis at 27.7 cases per 100,000 people per year. In another study conducted in Finland over a period of 9 years, the incidence of pericarditis requiring hospitalisation was 3.32 cases per 100,000 people per year. The aim of our study was to describe the clinical and paraclinical characteristics of pericarditis observed in the cardiology department of the regional hospital in Mali. Methodology: This was a single centre cross-sectional study from 30 January 2018 to 30 June 2020 in the cardiology department of the Ségou regional hospital. All consenting patients, regardless of age or sex hospitalised in the department for pericarditis confirmed on cardiac ultrasound were included. Data were collected using an individual patient follow-up form recording sociodemographic, clinical, biological, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic data, as well as the course of the disease. Results: Out of 879 patients hospitalized, the hospital frequency was 7.28%. Females predominated, with a sex ratio of 0.42. More than half the patients were aged 45 or younger (59.4%). The mean age of patients was 41.8 ± 18.1 years. Cardiovascular risk factors were dominated by hypertension and smoking (46.9% and 12.5% respectively). The reasons for consultation were dyspnoea (84.3%), chest pain (54.7%), cough (71.9%) and fever (34.4%). Physical signs included muffled heart sounds (76.6%), tachycardia (70.3%), pericardial friction (17.2%) and signs of peripheral stasis in 53.1% of cases. We observed elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) in 57.8% of cases, hypercreatininaemia in 37.5% and positive HIV serology in 3.1%. The major radiographic signs were cardiomegal

关键词： Pericarditis Epidemiology Clinic Nianankoro Fomba Hospital Ségou

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Carbon fibres reinforced *** impedance analysis:a gateway to smartness

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International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials 2020年第4期11卷 417-430页

作者： Philippe Margueres Philippe Olivier mahamadou Mounkaila Sonia Sassi Thierry Camps ICA Universitéde ToulouseToulouseFrance LAAS Universitéde ToulouseToulouseFrance

For more than 7 years,our research work is focussed upon the electrical behavior of carbon fiber reinforced *** carbon/polymeric matrix laminates can be considered as an electri-cally conductive network(*** fibers)embedded in an insulat-ing medium(*** polymeric matrix).Consequently,from an electrical point of view laminated composites have been modelled owing to combinations of electrical resistances(*** themselves and the contact points between the fibers)and capacitances(*** matrix).During their manufacturing,composite material such as thermoset matrix composites for instance,undergo various changes in their physical(including electrical and mechanical)prop-erties and in their geometrical *** fact,in the case of manufacturing processes such as oven curing(vacuum bag),auto-clave curing or heating plate press,beside the chemo-rheologi-cal changes,the laminated parts are the place of a compaction phenomenon inducing changes in fiber volume fraction and *** idea developed in this paper is that since the carbon/polymeric matrix laminate can be considered as an electrical network,it can then be view and used as a sensor for following the material state during the manufacturing process enabling thus defects to be detected and this without any additional sensing material or device.

关键词： Electrical impedancemetry cure monitoring CFRP functionalization SHM

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Predicting Groundwater Level Using Climate Change Scenarios in the Southern Part of Mali

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American Journal of Climate Change 2023年第1期12卷 21-38页

作者： Oumou Diancoumba Adama Toure Souleymane keita Sériba Konare Zakari mahamadou Mounir Hamadoun Bokar Life and Earth Sciences Department (DER-SVT) Normal Superior School (ENSup) Bamako Mali Department of Geology National Engineering School (ENI-ABT) Bamako Mali Department of Civil Engineering National Engineering School (ENI-ABT) Bamako Mali Department of Rural Engineering Forest and Water Polytechnic Rural Institute of Katibougou (IPR/IFRA) Koulikoro Mali Department Hygiene-Safety-Environment Andre Salifou University of Zinder University Institute of Technology Zinder Niger

Groundwater is mainly demanded in all the activities for the population of the southern part especially in the Koda catchment, the studied area. These resources are affected by various factors especially climate change. Therefore, knowing the impact of projected climate change on groundwater recharge is an important issue for water resources management, especially for those responsible for the Koda catchment. In this work, the impact of climate change on groundwater resources in the study area in Mali, West Africa is investigated. The Hydrogeological modeling was performed using the Gardenia model, and the monthly precipitation and temperature data were used as the Baseline. These data considered the past 30-year period (1987-2016) and the projections for the next 30 years (2021-2050). Projected precipitation and air temperatures, extracted from the Rossby Centre regional Atmospheric climate model (RCA 4) statistically downscaled from the GCM-IHEC-EC-EARTH and the GCM-MPI-M-MPI-ESM-LR under the Representative Concentration Pathways RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 and corrected with the Multiscale Quantile Mapping bias correction method, were used as input data to the gardenia model. Potential evapotranspiration (PET) values estimated from Blaney Criddle method and groundwater levels measured in three piezometers were used to calibrate the Gardenia model. The outputs display the reduction of groundwater level in the three piezometers in the Koda catchment for all the two Regional Climate Models (RCMs) during the periods of rainy season from July to October. From the results of GCM IHEC-EC-EARTH, the projected decline in GWL reaches 1.09 m for the RCP 4.5 and it up to 1.26 m for the RCP 8.5 in the study area while the GCM MPI-M-MPI-ESM-LR presentes the decline in groundwater level (GWL) during winter season from about 0.62 m for the RCP 4.5 up to 1.93 m for the RCP 8:5. Both RCMs project a reduction trend of groundwater recharge over time. It is noticeable that this decline is gr

关键词： Climate Change RCM-GCMs Groundwater Projection Mali

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Experience of the Department of Surgery “A” Point-G Hospital in the Management of Hemorrhoids (Mali)

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Surgical Science 2020年第12期11卷 435-445页

作者： Sidiki keita Koniba keita mahamadou Coulibaly Lamine Soumare Moussa Sissoko Oumar Sacko Sekou Koumaré Adama K. Koita Soumaîla keita Zimogo Zié Sanogo General Surgery “A” Department Hospital Point-G. Bamako Mali General Surgery Department Hospital BSS Kati Mali

Introduction: Hemorrhoidal disease is the most common condition in proctology: it is defined by signs or symptoms attributed to hemorrhoids. There is no parallel between the extent of hemorrhoidal anatomical disease and the symptoms described by patients. Our objective was to assess the incidence of hemorrhoidal disease, to diagnose it and to propose therapeutics. Patients and Method: This was a prospective and descriptive study based on a pre-established protocol that had taken place over a 12-month period. All patients (92 cases) underwent a general examination and a proctological examination. Anoscopy has often been associated with rectoscope with or without biopsy of the rectal mucosa. The inclusion criteria were the finding of hemorrhoidal disease, associated or not with other proctological diseases and the criteria for non-inclusion was any other anorectal pathology. Results: Among our patients there were 69 men or 75% of cases and 23 women or 25% of cases. The sex ratio was 3 in favor of men, the average age was 35.42. The duration of progression of the disease was between 0 - 2 years in 59.78%. Constipation (60 cases or 66.3%) and diarrhea (60 cases or 22.8%) were the factors that triggered the disease. Hemorrhoids with 3 packets were the most common (49 cases or 53.26%). 56 patients were treated medically and 36 patients were operated on. The surgical technique was simple hemorrhoidectomy according to MILLIGAN and MORGAN. It was associated with a fissurectomy in 8.33% of cases, a fistulectomy in 13.90% of cases or a thrombectomy in 33.33%. Early surgical sequels were dominated by pain in all patients, rectorragie, and urine retention. We did not deplore any deaths. Conclusion: Hemorrhoidal disease is an anatomoclinical entity that is still poorly elucidated and no direct link between the nature of the lesions and symptomatology can be established.

关键词： Proctology Hemorrhoids Management

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Bt cotton seed purity in Burkina Faso:status and lessons learnt

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Journal of Cotton Research 2020年第4期3卷 260-267页

作者： BOURGOU Larbouga KARGOUGOU Ester SAWADOGO mahamadou FOK Michel INERA Programme CotonBP 208Bobo-DioulassoBurkina Faso SOFITEX Laboratoire Contrôle QualitéSemences01 BP 147Bobo-Dioulasso 01Burkina Faso UniversitéOuaga1 Joseph Ki-Zerbo 09 BP 848Ouagadougou 09Burkina Faso CIRAD F-34398 MontpellierFrance UPR AIDA Univ MontpellierMontpellierFrance.

Background:Since the commercial release of Bt cotton in Burkina Faso in 2009,the issue of seed purity in producers’fields has rarely been addressed in an unbiased and objective *** potential for contamination of conventional seed varieties with Bt traits and the consequent threat to the continuation of organic cotton production has been ***,studies are rare on the varietal purity of Bt cotton seeds,despite the implications for the effectiveness and sustainability of their *** paper compensates for the lack of research on the varietal purity of cotton seeds in Burkina Faso by reporting the results of Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay tests collected in 2015 on samples of both conventional and Bt varieties from 646 ***:According to the conservative criteria used to declare the presence of a Bt gene in a given variety(more than 10%of seeds of conventional variety exhibit Bt traits,and at least 90%of seeds of Bt variety exhibit Bt traits),seed purity was very questionable for both types of *** the supposedly conventional variety,the Cry1Ac gene was observed in 63.6%of samples,the Cry2Ab gene was observed in 59.3%of samples,and both genes were detected in 52.2%of the seed *** 29.3%of the seeds that were supposed to be of conventional type contained no Bt ***,for the labeled Bt variety,the Cry1Ac gene was found in only 59.6%of samples,the Cry2Ab gene was found in 53.6%of the samples,and both genes were found in 40.4%of the ***,for the seeds that were supposed to contain both genes(Bollguard 2),both Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab genes were found in only 40.4%of the samples,only one of the genes was found in 32.4%of the samples,and 27.2%of the seeds in the samples contained *** factors are responsible for the severe lack of seed ***,conventional varieties are being contaminated with Bt traits because of a failure to revise the seed production scheme in Burkina Faso to prevent cross-pollinat

关键词： Conventional cotton Organic cotton GM cotton Seed production scheme Seed control Burkina Faso

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