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Blockchain Based Redistricting with Public Participation

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Journal of Information Security 2022年第3期13卷 140-164页

作者： mahalingam ramkumar Naresh Adhikari Mississippi State University Starkville MS USA Slippery Rock University Slippery Rock PA USA

Redistricting is the process of grouping all census blocks within a region to form larger subdivisions, or districts. The process is typically subject to some hard rules and some (soft) preferences to improve fairness of the solution. Achieving public consensus on the fairness of proposed redistricting plans is highly desirable. Unfortunately, fair redistricting is an NP hard optimization problem. The complexity of the process makes it even more challenging to convince the public of the fairness of the proposed solution. This paper proposes a completely transparent blockchain based strategy to promote public participation in the redistricting process, to increase public confidence in the outcome of the process. The proposed approach is based on the fact that one does not have to worry about how the NP hard problem was solved, as long as it is possible for anyone to compute a “goodness” metric for the proposed plan. In the proposed approach, anyone can submit a plan along with the expected metric. Only the plan with the best claimed metric needs to be evaluated in a blockchain network.

关键词： Redistricting Authenticated Data Structures Blockchain Ledger

Authoritative and Unbiased Responses to Geographic Queries

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Journal of Information Security 2022年第3期13卷 101-126页

作者： mahalingam ramkumar Naresh Adhikari Mississippi State University Starkville MS USA Slippery Rock University Slippery Rock PA USA

A protocol for processing geographic data is proposed to guarantee authoritative and unbiased responses to geographic queries, without the need to rely on trusted third parties. The integrity of the proposed authoritative and unbiased geographic services (AUGS) protocol is guaranteed by employing novel hash tree based authenticated data structures (ADS) in conjunction with a blockchain ledger. Hash tree based ADSes are used to incrementally compute a succinct dynamic commitments to AUGS data. A blockchain ledger is used to record 1) transactions that trigger updates to AUGS data, and 2) the updated cryptographic commitments to AUGS data. Untrusted service providers are required to provide verification objects (VOs) as proof-of-correctness of their responses to AUGS queries. Anyone with access to commitments in ledger entries can verify the proof.

关键词： Authenticated Data Structures Blockchain Ledger Geographic Information Systems

A Security Architecture for SCADA Systems

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Journal of Information Security 2018年第1期9卷 100-132页

作者： Arun Velagapalli mahalingam ramkumar Mississippi State University Starkville MS USA

Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems are attractive targets for attackers, as they offer an avenue to attack critical infrastructure (CI) systems controlled by SCADA systems. Ultimately, an attack on any system exploits some undesired (malicious or accidental) functionality in the components of the system. Unfortunately, it is far from practical to eliminate undesired functionality in every component of a system. The contribution of this paper is a novel architecture for securing SCADA systems that guarantee that “any malicious modification of the deployment configuration or the design configuration of the SCADA system will be detected”—even if undesired functionality may exist in SCADA system components.

关键词： SCADA Security: Trusted Computing: Authenticated Data Structure Critical Infrastructure DCS PCS Cyber Security CIP

An Efficient Trusted Computing Base for MANET Security

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Journal of Information Security 2014年第4期5卷 192-206页

作者： Somya D. Mohanty Vinay Thotakura mahalingam ramkumar Social Science Research Center Mississippi State University Starkville USA Microsoft Seattle USA Department of Computer Science and Engineering Mississippi State University Starkville USA

Devices participating in mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) are expected to strictly adhere to a uniform routing protocol to route data packets among themselves. Unfortunately, MANET devices, composed of untrustworthy software and hardware components, expose a large attack surface. This can be exploited by attackers to gain control over one or more devices, and wreak havoc on the MANET subnet. The approach presented in this paper to secure MANETs restricts the attack surface to a?single module?in MANET devices a trusted MANET module (TMM). TMMs are deliberately constrained to demand only modest memory and computational resources in the interest of further reducing the attack surface. The specific contribution of this paper is a precise characterization of simple TMM functionality suitable for any distance vector based routing protocol, to realize the broad assurance that “any node that fails to abide by the routing protocol will not be able to participate in the MANET”.

关键词： Algorithm/Protocol Design and Analysis Network Protocols Cryptographic Controls Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANET) Distance Vector (DV) Protocols Authenticated Data Structures (ADS)

Rietveld refinement of powder X-ray diffraction,microstructural and mechanical studies of magnesium matrix composites processed by high energy ball milling

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2018年第4期6卷 390-398页

作者： T.ramkumar M.Selvakumar R.Vasanthsankar A.S.Sathishkumar P.Narayanasamy G.Girija Department of Mechanical Engineering Dr.Mahalingam College of Engineering and TechnologyPollachi 642003India Department of Automobile Engineering Dr.Mahalingam College of Engineering and TechnologyPollachi 642003India Department of Mechanical Engineering Sree Sowdambika College of EngineeringAruppukottai 626134India Department of Mechanical Engineering Kamaraj College of Engineering and TechnologyVirudhunagar 626001India

This research reports the processing of magnesium matrix composites reinforced with silicon carbide(SiC)and aluminium oxide(Al_(2)O_(3))using powder metallurgy technique through high energy *** of Mg-SiC and Mg-Al_(2)O_(3)composites subjected to high energy ball milling for different vol%of secondary particles 20,30 and 40%of SiC and Al_(2)O_(3)are studied by X-Ray diffraction *** rietveld method as implemented in the Fullprof program is applied in order to determine the quantities of the resulting crystalline phases and amorphous phases at each stage of the mechanical *** examination is carried out using Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM).In addition,crystal structural analysis using appropriate size and strain models is performed in order to handle the distinctive anistrophy that is observed in convinced crystallographic directions for the magnesium *** results are furnished in terms of crystalline domains size enlargement of the magnesium composites phases upon prolonged milling duration and discussed in the light of up to date views and theories on crystal growth of nanocrystaline *** hardness of the composite samples is calculated by Vickers’s Hardness ***,dry sling wear test and corrosion test are performed for the fabricated *** with 30%secondary particles incorporated magnesium composites exhibits better wear and corrosion resistance than the other composites.

关键词： Rietveld refinement X-ray diffraction Crystal structure Micro structure Wear and corrosion