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Infectious causes of fever of unknown origin in developing countries: An international ID-IRI study

Journal of Intensive Medicine 2024年第1期4卷 94-100页

作者： Hakan Erdem Jaffar AAl-Tawfiq maha Abid Wissal Ben Yahia George Akafity Manar Ezzelarab Ramadan Fatma Amer Amani El-Kholy Atousa Hakamifard Bilal Ahmad Rahimi Farouq Dayyab Hulya Caskurlu Reham Khedr Muhammad Tahir Lysien Zambrano Mumtaz Ali Khan Aun Raza Nagwa Mostafa El-Sayed Magdalena Baymakova Aysun Yalci Yasemin Cag Umran Elbahr Aamer Ikram Department of Infectious Diseases&Clinical Microbiology Gulhane School of MedicineTurkish Health Sciences UniversityAnkaraTurkey Specialty Internal Medicine and Quality and Patient Safety Department Johns Hopkins Aramco HealthcareDhahranSaudi Arabia Division of Infectious Diseases Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA Department of Infectious Diseases Farhat Hached University HospitalIbn El Jazzar Medical SchoolUniversity of SousseSousseTunisia Internal Medicine Department Farhat Hached University HospitalIbn El Jazzar Medical SchoolUniversity of SousseSousseTunisia Cape Coast Teaching Hospital Cape CoastGhana Medical Parasitology Faculty of MedicineSuez UniversitySuezEgypt Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology Faculty of MedicineZagazig UniversityZagazigEgypt Department of Clinical Pathology Faculty of MedicineCairo UniversityGizaEgypt Department of Infectious Diseases School of MedicineIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran Department of Infectious Diseases Kandahar University Medical FacultyTeaching HospitalKandaharAfghanistan Department of Infectious Diseases Mohammed Bn Khalifa Bn Salman Alkhalifa Specialist Cardiac CenterAwaliBahrain Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Faculty of MedicineIstanbul Medeniyet UniversityIstanbulTurkey Department of Pediatric Oncology National Cancer Institute–Cairo UniversityChildren Cancer Hospital EgyptCairoEgypt Department of Medicine Federal General HospitalIslamabadPakistan Institute for Research in Medical Sciences and Right to Health(ICIMEDES) Scientific Research Unit(UIC)Faculty of Medical Sciences(FCM)National Autonomous University of Honduras(UNAH)TegucigalpaHonduras National Institute of Health IslamabadPakistan Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Center LahorePakistan Medical Parasitology Department Research Institute of OphthalmologyGizaEgypt Department of Infectious Diseases Military Medical AcademySofiaBulgaria Department of Infecti

Background:Fever of unknown origin(FUO)in developing countries is an important dilemma and further research is needed to elucidate the infectious causes of ***:A multi-center study for infectious causes of FUO in lower middle-income countries(LMIC)and lowincome countries(LIC)was conducted between January 1,2018 and January 1,*** total,15 participating centers from seven different countries provided the data,which were collected through the Infectious DiseasesInternational Research Initiative *** adult patients with confirmed infection as the cause of FUO were included in the *** severity parameters were quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment(qSOFA)≥2,intensive care unit(ICU)admission,vasopressor use,and invasive mechanical ventilation(IMV).Results:A total of 160 patients with infectious FUO were included in the ***,148(92.5%)patients had community-acquired infections and 12(7.5%)had hospital-acquired *** most common infectious syndromes were tuberculosis(TB)(n=27,16.9%),infective endocarditis(n=25,15.6%),malaria(n=21,13.1%),brucellosis(n=15,9.4%),and typhoid fever(n=9,5.6%).Plasmodium falciparum,Mycobacterium tuberculosis,Brucellae,Staphylococcus aureus,Salmonella typhi,and Rickettsiae were the leading infectious agents in this study.A total of 56(35.0%)cases had invasive procedures for *** mean qSOFA score was 0.76±0.94{median(interquartile range[IQR]):0(0–1)}.ICU admission(n=26,16.2%),vasopressor use(n=14,8.8%),and IMV(n=10,6.3%)were not ***,38(23.8%)patients had at least one of the severity *** mortality rate was 15(9.4%),and the mortality was attributable to the infection causing FUO in 12(7.5%)***:In LMIC and LIC,tuberculosis and cardiac infections were the most severe and the leading infections causing FUO.

关键词： Developing countries Fever of unknown origin Infection

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Breast Necrosis Following Coronary by Pass Graft Surgery: Report of Two Cases &Review of Literature

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery 2013年第7期3卷 215-218页

作者： maha Abdel Hadi Yasir Ghonemi mohammed Regal Saeed Al Shomimi Breast & Cardiothoracic Surgery Divisions Department of Surgery University of Dammam Dammam Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Breast is an external organ with abundant blood supply which renders it vulnerable to many inflammatory or neoplastic conditions, yet it remains immune to ischemia. Various chest wall surgical procedures may directly or indirectly affect the breast or its overlying skin. Cardiac surgery with its designed incisions is closely related to the breast terrain. Breast necrosis is very rare and only few cases were reported in the literature. We report two cases of breast necrosis in diabetic patients following cardiac bypass surgery. This emerging quandary is an alert to cardiothoracic surgeons to generate special preparation for a subset of patients prior to cardiac surgical procedures in order to minimize the occurrence of ischemia.

关键词： Breast Necrosis Cardiac Bypass Surgery Complications

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Influence of Magnetic Treatment on Salts Leaching： From Soils of Different Salinity Levels

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B) 2014年第6期4卷 434-439页

作者： Khalida Abdul-Karim Hassan Farhad Ali hashim Sarwar mohammed Rasheed Ahmed Department of Soil and Water Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry Duhok University Duhok 42001 Kurdistan Region Iraq

Leaching behavior of individual ions from three saline soils （S1 = 85.0 dS/m, S2 = 53.92 dS/m and S3 = 38.14 dS/m） under magnetic water （MW） treatment or non-magnetized well water （WW） was investigated in column study. After five pore volumes, soil electrical conductivity （EC） decreased to a range between 2.99-3.29 dS/m under the two water treatments. The rate of soluble cations leached was Na＋〉 Ca2＋〉 Mg2＋〉 K＋ and CI- 〉 SO42- 〉 HCO3- for anions under the two water treatments. The greater amount of salt leached was during the first two pore volumes and was higher under MW treatment. Among soils, the higher the initial EC, the greater the amount of the salt leached. Measurements of the exchangeable Na~ performed at the end of leaching experiment showed a high decrease in soil exchangeable Na＋ compared to the initial values of sodium adsorption ratio （SAR） and exchangeable sodium percentage （ESP） in the soil indicated that there was no prospects of soil sodification after leaching with five pore volumes.

关键词： MW soil salinit leaching

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Assessment of Predictors for Early Resistance to Hepatitis C Virus Treatment

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2015年第2期5卷 97-105页

作者： Noha El- Mashad Hekmat El Tantawy Eman Elsayed Sherein Rkha maha Maher mohammed Shokhba Department of Clinical Pathology Faculty of Medicine Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt Department of Zoology Faculty of Science Suez Canal University Ismailia Egypt Department of Internal Medicine Specialized Medical Hospital Faculty of Medicine Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt

The current standard of treatment for HCV is the combination of pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) and ribavirin (RBV). Response to therapy is influenced by different factors related to virus or host characteristics. In this study we detected HCV genotype in some patients with chronic HCV infection—who received interferon plus ribavirin therapy and evaluating some risk factors in early resistance to treatment. These risk factors included age, gender, ALT& AST levels, HCV viral load & genotype. This study included 60 patients with chronic HCV infection and subjected to PEG-INF plus RBV therapy. 40 (gp I) had developed resistance after 12 weeks;while group II are the responders. on comparing patients in group I n = 40 (who developed resistance) to patients in group 2, no = 20 (responders), it has been found that the most important risk factors for developing resistance are the increased viral load of HCV-RNA, and ***-genotype as a risk factor was significantly higher among cases with genotype 1 and 4 and P value was 0.004. This was followed by ALT and AFP as risk factors with P value 0.004 for each and age with P value 0.026. However, regarding sex of the patients there was no significant difference between group I and II. In conclusion: the most frequent HCV genotype in resistant group were genotype I and IV, while in responder patient were genotype 2 & 3. The most important risk factor in this study is viral load and HCV genotype.

关键词： HCV Ribavirin Pegylated Interferon Resistance

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Polymorphism of Human Organic Cationic Transporter1 (C480G) in Egyptian Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients on Imatinib

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American Journal of Molecular Biology 2018年第2期8卷 83-91页

作者： Nahla A. M. Hamed hashim Neanea Amal M. Ghanem maha M. A. Elgammal Yasmen Samir Hematology Department Faculty of Medicine Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt Hematology Department Medical Research Institute Faculty of Medicine Alexandria University Alex-andria Egypt

Background: Human organic cationic transporter1 (Hoct1) is a plasma membrane transporter responsible for the main influx of Imatinib into chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the gene coding for hOCT1 are important factors causing Imatinib resistance. We investigated the frequency of hOCT1 SNP C480G among Egyptian CML patients and its relation to early molecular response as an indicator of treatment outcome. Materials and Methods: Two groups of CML patients were included in this study. Group I consisted of 25 patients responding to Imatinib treatment (Imatinib responsive) and group II consisted of 25 patients resistant to Imatinib (Imatinib resistant). Response criteria were assessed according to the NCCN (National Comprehensive Cancer Network) guidelines 2017. Twenty healthy controls of matched age and sex were also included (group III). For all patients, we studied hOCT1 C480G at initial presentation using Taqman drug metabolism genotyping as well as BCR-ABL percent at diagnosis and after 3 months interval. Results: hOCT1 C480G was present in 32% of studied CML patients. CC (wild) was detected in 68% of group I and 64% of group II. CG (mutant heterozygous) was present in 28% of group I and 36% of group II while GG (mutant homozygous) was detected in only one case in group I. CG was also detected in 15% of control subjects There was no significant difference between hOCT1 C480G polymorphism and Early Molecular Response (χ2 = 0.089, p = 0.765). Conclusions: hOCT1 C480G polymorphism has no association with Imatinib resistance in Egyptian population. However, further studies on a larger number of patients are still needed to confirm this finding.

关键词： Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Imatinib Egyptian Resistance Human Organic Cationic Transporter1 C480G Polymorphism

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Ascites and alpha-fetoprotein improve prognostic performance of Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer staging

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第18期21卷 5654-5662页

作者： Asmaa I Gomaa Alzhraa Al-Khatib Wael Abdel-Razek mohammed Saad hashim Imam Waked Hepatology Department National Liver Institute Menoufiya University Oncology Department National Liver Institute Menoufiya University

AIM: To assess how ascites and alpha-fetoprotein(AFP) added to the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer(BCLC) staging predict hepatocellular carcinoma ***: The presence of underlying cirrhosis, ascites and encephalopathy, Child-Turcotte-Pugh(CTP) score, the number of nodules, and the maximum diameter of the largest nodule were determined at diagnosis for 1060 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma at a tertiary referral center for liver disease in Egypt. Demographic information, etiology of liver disease, and biochemical data(including serum bilirubin, albumin, international normalized ratio, alanine and aspartate aminotransferases, and AFP) were evaluated. Staging of the tumor was determined at the time of diagnosis using the BCLC staging system; 496 patients were stage A and 564 patients were stage B. Patients with mild ascites on initial ultrasound, computed tomography, or clinical examination, and who had a CTP score ≤ 9 were included in this analysis. All patients received therapy according to the recommended treatment based on the BCLC stage, and were monitored from the time of diagnosis to the date of death or date of data collection. The effect of the presence of ascites and AFP level on survival was ***:At the time the data were censored,123/496(24.8%)and 218/564(38.6%)patients with BCLC stages A and B,respectively,had *** mean survival of the BCLC A and B patients during a three-year follow-up period was 31 mo[95%confidence interval(95%CI):29.7-32.3]and 22.7mo(95%CI:20.7-24.8),*** presenceof ascites,multiple focal lesions,large tumor size,AFP level and CTP score were independent predictors of survival for the included patients on multivariate analysis(P<0.001).Among stage A patients,18%had ascites,33%had AFP≥200 ng/m L,and 8%had *** median survival in the presence of ascites was shorter if AFP was≥200 ng/m L(19 mo vs 24 mo),and in the absence of ascites,patients with AFP≥200 ng/m L had a shorter survival(28mo

关键词： Alpha-fetoprotein Ascites Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Hepatocellular carcinoma Survival

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阿拉伯学生汉语作文偏误情况考察——以苏丹喀土穆大学孔子学院为例

阿拉伯学生汉语作文偏误情况考察——以苏丹喀土穆大学孔子学院为...

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作者：孔永信（mohammed hashim Osman Hissin）大连外国语大学

学位级别：硕士

随着中国的国际地位不断提升,学习中文的阿拉伯学生日益增多。在学习过程中,以阿拉伯语为母语的学生会产生一系列偏误。本文通过对阿拉伯学生汉语作文的偏误进行分析,力图发现学习者偏误呈现的规律,以此分析偏误原因,希望对阿拉伯地区... 详细信息

随着中国的国际地位不断提升,学习中文的阿拉伯学生日益增多。在学习过程中,以阿拉伯语为母语的学生会产生一系列偏误。本文通过对阿拉伯学生汉语作文的偏误进行分析,力图发现学习者偏误呈现的规律,以此分析偏误原因,希望对阿拉伯地区的汉语教学提供借鉴与指导。本文以苏丹喀土穆大学孔子学院学生的作文为研究语料,从词汇、语法、汉字、标点符号四个方面,运用分类、举例、统计等方法归纳偏误类型。通过阿拉伯语与汉语的对比,探讨阿拉伯学生作文偏误的原因,并以此提出了一些有针对性的教学建议与策略,以帮助教师提高教学效率,减少学生学习过程中的偏误。本文的研究将有助于提高阿拉伯学生的汉语写作能力与汉语水平,促使苏丹乃至阿拉伯地区汉语教学的深入研究与发展。本文共分为六章:第一章,绪论。本章主要介绍选题意义、研究现状、研究思路和方法,为全文的展开提供背景,奠定理论基础;第二章,初级阶段阿拉伯学习者汉语作文的偏误类型,从词语、语法、汉字和标点符号四个方面总结归纳偏误类型。第三章,中高级阶段阿拉伯学习者汉语作文的偏误类型,从词语、语法、汉字和标点符号四个方面总结归纳偏误类型。第四章,阿拉伯学习者汉语作文的偏误与原因分析。本章对学习者不同的偏误类型与阶段进行数据上的统计分析,并进一步通过汉阿两种语言对比探讨偏误原因。第五章,针对阿拉伯语母语者写作教学的建议。本章提出了四个方面的建议,即词汇教学、语法教学、汉字教学与标点符号的教学建议。第六章,结语。本章是对本文的总结,并提出了研究的创新点与不足之处。

关键词：偏误分析汉语作文阿拉伯学习者教学建议

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The Effect of Several Service and Weathering Parameters on Tensile Properties of PVC Pipe Materials

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2012年第11期3卷 784-792页

作者： N. A. Saad M. H. Al-Maamory M. R. mohammed A. A. hashim Sheffield Hallam University Materials and Engineering Research Institute Sheffield UK University of Babylon Faculty of Material Engineering Babylon Iraq

For water and sewer pipes, PVC is considered to be one of the best row materials. Due to its physical, chemical and industrial significant properties, PVC is commercially invited to be in the first position. Many other traditional raw materials;e.g. iron, concrete, polyethylene and vitrified clay (VC), are coming in second position. This work is conducted to study the tensile properties of two different types of PVC raw materials (named as gray and white) for water pipe manufacturing by implementing different test conditions. The samples were prepared by cutting off the pipe to an individual cross sectional size rings. Afterward, they were softened smoothly by heating the ring samples to obtain flat standard tensile test specimen. The influence of strain rate (crosshead speed), temperature and UV radiation on the tensile properties of PVC pipe’s row material were investigated. The selected experimental test temperatures are (28℃, 50℃ and 70℃), the selected crosshead speeds are (5, 50 and 100 mm/min) and the UV treatment exposure times are (168, 408, 744 and 1080) hours. The result shows that the gray PVC pipes have tensile strength greater than white PVC pipes. The yield stress and modulus of elasticity are directly proportion to strain rate and inversely proportion to the treatment temperature of both PVC samples. However, the fracture strain was increased with temperature and decreased with strain rate. UV treatment didn’t show a significant effect on the yield stress and modulus of elasticity. This is an indication of PVC long time stability.

关键词： PVC Mechanical Properties Material Treatments Stabilization

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Estimation of the Tissue Distribution of mRNA Transcripts for Desaturase and Elongase Enzymes in Channa striata （Bloch, 1793） Fingerlings using PCR Technique

Estimation of the Tissue Distribution of mRNA Transcripts fo...

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2012 4th International Conference on Agriculture and Animal Science

作者： mohammed Aliyu-Paiko Annette Jaya-Ram Alexander Chong S. C. Roshada hashim Amuzat A. Olalekan Laboratory of Feeds development and Feeding Management Aquaculture Research Group School of Biological Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia Laboratory of Fish Biology Aquaculture Research Group School of Biological Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia

The variations in the capacity of fish species to biosynthesize the n-3 highly polyunsaturated fatty acids （HUFA）, eicosapentaenoic （EPA） and docosahexaenoic （DHA） acids which are crucial to the health of higher vertebrates has been well documented. HUFA biosynthesis has been reported to involve enzyme-mediated fatty acyl desaturation and elongation processes. In previous studies, various authors have cloned, characterized and identified different genes for fatty acyl desaturase and elongase （FAD and FAE, respectively） enzymes from fish species such as Atlantic salmon and zebra fish, and have also shown the up and down regulation of the activity of these enzymes in response to fluctuations in dietary HUFA. In this paper, we report on the tissue distribution in the expression of genes （mRNA） for FAD and FAE enzymes in Channa striata （Bloch, 1793） fingerlings, to evaluate the tissues of the fish which show the highest activity of these enzymes. For this purpose, mRNA from 8 different tissues of the fish （maintained on a commercial diet） were isolated and analyzed, using conventional PCR technique. The tissue distribution of the genes was estimated to be significantly （P＜0.05） higher for both FAD and FAE enzymes in the liver and brain of C. striata than in the other 6 tissues measured （muscle, ovary, testis, gill and skin） respectively. The implication of this observation with respect to the use of vegetable oils to substitute fish oil in diets for freshwater fish species is discussed accordingly.

关键词： Channa striata PCR Desaturase Elongase HUFA mRNA expression

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Decreasing of Grid-Tied PV Power Output due to Thick Haze Phenomena in Malaysia

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Journal of Energy and Power Engineering 2015年第4期9卷 399-404页

作者： Mohammad Effendy Ya'acob hashim Hizam Mohd Bakri Adam Abu Hamed mohammed Abdur Rahim Mohd Amran Mohd Radzi Yoshio hashimoto Mohd Rahimi Yusoff Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universiti Putra Malaysia Selangor 43400 Malaysia CAPER (Centre of Advanced Power and Energy Research) Universiti Putra Malaysia Selangor 43400 Malaysia Institute of Mathematical Research Universiti Putra Malaysia Selangor 43400 Malaysia Department of Electrical Engineering King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Dhahran 31261 Saudi Arabia Institute of Caron Science and Technology Shinshu University Nagano 380-8553 Japan Faculty of Engineering Technology Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka 76100 Malaysia

Recently, thick haze and poisonous smoke have cloaked the surrounding air in Malaysia due to the uncontrollable and unethical burning of nearby country. This devastating episode of open burning started in the year 1997 in Indonesia which deeply affected most of the ASEAN （association of southeast asian nations） countries especially their neighbour Malaysia and Singapore. The PV （photovoltaic） technology as an alternative means of energy generation experiences such significant energy decrease based on this condition which is due to the shading of sunlight. The 6 h claims of good sunlight has become not more than 2 h and gets worst when the API （air pollution index） struck 200 levels which is at very unhealthy condition. This study embraces some findings from 1 kWp PV generator field data installed in Malaysia reflecting the daily energy decrease operated during this unhealthy weather condition. It is found that, such significant energy decrease with the value of 0.43 W power output per increment of one point API. This value shows such concrete proof of additional factors to be considered in PV modelling in line to support PV technology adaptation in the ASEAN region.

关键词： Haze PV performance tropical climate environmental impact AP1.

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