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Time trends and outcomes of gastrostomy placement in a Swedish national cohort over two decades

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第10期30卷 1358-1367页

作者： Martin Löfling Skogar magnus Sundbom Department of Surgical Sciences Uppsala UniversityUppsala 75185Sweden

BACKGROUND Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy(PEG)and laparoscopically inserted gastrostomy have become the gold standard for adult patients and children,respectively,requiring long-term enteral nutrition ***-related mortality is a rare event,often reported to be zero in smaller *** data on 30-d mortality and long-term survival rates after gastrostomy placement are scarce in the *** To study the use of gastrostomies in Sweden from 1998-2019 and to analyze procedure-related mortality and short-term(<30 d)and long-term *** In this retrospective,population-based cohort study,individuals that had received a gastrostomy between 1998-2019 in Sweden were *** were identified in the Swedish National Patient Register,and survival analysis was possible by cross-referencing the Swedish Death *** cohort was divided into three age groups:Children(0-18 years);adults(19-64 years);and elderly(≥65 years).Kaplan-Meier with log-rank test and Cox regression were used for survival *** In total 48682 individuals(52%males,average age 60.9±25.3 years)were *** cohort consisted of 12.0%children,29.5%adults,and 58.5%*** increased use of gastrostomies was observed during the study period,from 13.7/100000 to 22.3/100000 individuals(P<0.001).The use of PEG more than doubled(about 800 to 1800/year),with a corresponding decrease in open gastrostomy(about 700 to 340/year).Laparoscopic gastrostomy increased more than ten-fold(about 20 to 240/year).Overall,PEG,open gastrostomy,and laparoscopic gastrostomy constituted 70.0%(n=34060),23.3%(n=11336),and 4.9%(n=2404),***-related mortality was 0.1%(n=44)overall(PEG:0.05%,open:0.24%,laparoscopic:0.04%).The overall 30-d mortality rate was 10.0%(PEG:9.8%,open:12.4%,laparoscopic:1.7%)and decreased from 11.6%in 1998-2009 vs 8.5%in 2010-2019(P<0.001).One-year and ten-year survival rates for children,adults,and elderly were 93.7%,67.5%,a

关键词： Gastrostomy Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy Dysphagia Enteral nutrition Long-term Survival Complication

Exploiting the Faster-Than-Nyquist Concept in Wavelength-Division Multiplexing Systems Using Duobinary Shaping

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ZTE Communications 2012年第1期10卷 23-29页

作者： Ekawit Tipsuwannakul magnus karlsson Peter A. Andrekson Photonics Laboratory Dept. of Microtechnology and Nanoscience Chalmers University of Technology

This paper begins with Nyquist wavelengthdivision multiplexing （WDM） and then introduces fasterthanNyquist. In fasterthanNyquist a certain amount of intersymbol interference （ISI） is accepted, which violates the fundamental principle of Nyquist WDM. This results in muchrelaxed transceiver bandwidth and simpler spectral design. However, in fasterthanNyquist, implementation complexity is shifted from the transmitter side to the receiver side. Therefore, successful application of fasterthanNyquist depends on innovation in the receiver structure. In this paper, we discuss the guidelines for implementing suboptimum, lowcomplexity receivers based on fasterthanNyquist. We suggest that duobinary shaping is a good technique for trading off achievable spectral efficiency, detection performance, and implementation complexity and might be preferable to Nyquist WDM. Experiments are conducted to verify robustness of the proposed technique.

关键词： coherent detection digital signal processing optical fiber communications spectralefficiency wavelength division multiplexing

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柴油机的油耗和磨耗优化

国外铁道机车与动车 2016年第2期 39-43页

作者： magnus karlsson 于福鹏

通过优化燃烧和各缸功率平衡,可有效降低燃油消耗和发动机磨耗。通过采用由发动机电子指示器读取的气缸压力曲线,优化机械调速发动机的燃烧,可以节省大量设备投资和试验时间。所有调整均遵循发动机技术文件中NOx排放限制的有关要求。

关键词：柴油机优化燃烧气缸压力曲线

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基于拍卖理论的动态多代理同类机调度算法

Engineering 2024年第4期35卷 32-45页

作者： Yaqiong Liu Shudong Sun Gaopan Shen Xi Vincent Wang magnus Wiktorsson Lihui Wang Department of Industrial Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China Key Laboratory of Industrial Engineering and Intelligent Manufacturing Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologyXi’an 710072China Department of Production Engineering KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholm 10044Sweden

This paper addresses a multi-agent scheduling problem with uniform parallel machines owned by a resource agent and competing jobs with dynamic arrival times that belong to different consumer *** agents are self-interested and rational with the aim of maximizing their own objectives,resulting in intense resource competition among consumer agents and strategic behaviors of unwillingness to disclose private *** the context,a centralized scheduling approach is unfeasible,and a decentralized approach is considered to deal with the targeted *** study aims to generate a stable and collaborative solution with high social welfare while simultaneously accommodating consumer agents’preferences under incomplete *** this purpose,a dynamic iterative auction-based approach based on a decentralized decision-making procedure is *** the proposed approach,a dynamic auction procedure is established for dynamic jobs participating in a realtime auction,and a straightforward and easy-to-implement bidding strategy without price is presented to reduce the complexity of bid *** addition,an adaptive Hungarian algorithm is applied to solve the winner determination problem efficiently.A theoretical analysis is conducted to prove that the proposed approach is individually rational and that the myopic bidding strategy is a weakly dominant strategy for consumer agents submitting *** computational experiments demonstrate that the developed approach achieves high-quality solutions and exhibits considerable stability on largescale problems with numerous consumer agents and jobs.A further multi-agent scheduling problem considering multiple resource agents will be studied in future work.

关键词： Multi-agent scheduling Decentralized scheduling Auction Dynamic jobs Private information

Why ecosystem characteristics predicted from remotely sensed data are unbiased and biased at the same time-and how this affects applications

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第1期11卷 24-31页

作者： Goran Ståhl Terje Gobakken Svetlana Saarela Henrik J.Persson magnus Ekstrom Sean P.Healey Zhiqiang Yang Johan Holmgren Eva Lindberg Kenneth Nystrom Emanuele Papucci Patrik Ulvdal Hans OleØrka Erik Næsset Zhengyang Hou Håkan Olsson Ronald E.McRoberts Department of Forest Resource Management Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences90183UmeåSweden Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life SciencesÅsNorway USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research StationOgdenUTUSA The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing100083China Department of Forest Resources University of MinnesotaSt.PaulMNUSA

Remotely sensed data are frequently used for predicting and mapping ecosystem characteristics,and spatially explicit wall-to-wall information is sometimes proposed as the best possible source of information for ***,wall-to-wall information typically relies on model-based prediction,and several features of model-based prediction should be understood before extensively relying on this type of *** such feature is that model-based predictors can be considered both unbiased and biased at the same time,which has important implications in several areas of *** this discussion paper,we first describe the conventional model-unbiasedness paradigm that underpins most prediction techniques using remotely sensed(or other)auxiliary *** this point of view,model-based predictors are typically ***,we show that for specific domains,identified based on their true values,the same model-based predictors can be considered biased,and sometimes severely *** suggest distinguishing between conventional model-bias,defined in the statistical literature as the difference between the expected value of a predictor and the expected value of the quantity being predicted,and design-bias of model-based estimators,defined as the difference between the expected value of a model-based estimator and the true value of the quantity being *** show that model-based estimators(or predictors)are typically design-biased,and that there is a trend in the design-bias from overestimating small true values to underestimating large true ***,we give examples of applications where this is important to acknowledge and to potentially make adjustments to correct for the design-bias *** argue that relying entirely on conventional model-unbiasedness may lead to mistakes in several areas of application that use predictions from remotely sensed data.

关键词： Bias Model-based inference Design-based inference

Development and characterization of photovoltaic tandemjunction nanowires using electron-beam-induced current measurements

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Nano Research 2022年第9期15卷 8510-8515页

作者： Lukas Hrachowina Enrique Barrigón magnus T.Borgström NanoLund and Divison of Solid State Physics Lund UniversityBox 11822100 LundSweden Universidad de Málaga Andalucía TechDepartamento de Física Aplicada ⅠCampus de Teatinoss/nMálaga 29071Spain

Nanowires have many interesting properties that are of advantage for solar cells,such as the epitaxial combination of latticemismatched materials without plastic *** could be utilized for the synthesis of axial tandem-junction nanowire solar cells with high efficiency at low material ***-beam-induced current measurements have been used to optimize the performance of single-junction nanowire solar ***,we use electron-beam-induced current measurements to break the barrier to photovoltaic tandem-junction *** particular,we identify and subsequently prevent the occurrence of a parasitic junction when combining an InP n-i-p junction with a tunnel ***,we demonstrate how to use optical and electrical biases to individually measure the electron-beam-induced current of both sub-cells of photovoltaic tandem-junction *** show that with an applied voltage in forward direction,all junctions can be analyzed *** development of this characterization technique enables further optimization of tandem-junction nanowire solar cells.

关键词： Ⅲ-Ⅴnanowire nanowire solar cell tandem-junction Esaki tunnel diode electron-beam induced current(EBIC)

Sustainable Care:Care as a Communal Virtue in Early Childhood Education

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ECNU Review of Education 2022年第4期5卷 643-663页

作者： Gunnar magnus Eidsvag Early Childhood Education University of StavangerHagbard Lines husStavanger 4036

Purpose:Care is a core concern for early childhood education and care(ECEC)*** may be understood as a basic form of interaction and a foundational need for human *** these reasons,care also presents challenges for ECEC *** staff must seek practical solutions to problems that philosophers have raised on a theoretical basis concerning ethical traditions,such as the ethics of *** are the problems of justice,parochialism,and ***/Approach/Methods:This article develops a theory concerning the ethics of care in ECEC *** theory is informed by qualitative interviews with ECEC teachers reflecting on their caring *** study is therefore located at the intersection of normative ethics and applied *** seven in-depth interviews,the informants discussed how to create a caring ECEC environment that is fair and possible to maintain over ***:Through analyzing the interviews,I found that caring practices that work toward these ideals can be described as sustainable *** practices take care of all the children and provide the staff with opportunities to regain the strength they need to create a caring and educating setting.

关键词： Care ECEC ethics profession virtue

Electrophilic N-trifluoromethylthiophthalimide as a fluorinated reagent in the synthesis of acyl fluorides

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Organic Chemistry Frontiers 2022年第2期9卷 342-346页

作者： Chen Zhu Serik Zhumagazy Huifeng Yue magnus Rueping KAUST Catalysis Center(KCC) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)Thuwal23955-6900Saudi Arabia

Herein we report the deoxygenated fluorination of readily available carboxylic acids.A series of acyl fluorides have been synthesized using shelf-stable N-trifluoromethylthiophthalimide as a fluorinated reagent for the first ***-up reactions and sequential cross-couplings were performed successfully to demonstrate the practicability of this fluorination protocol.

关键词： reagent synthesis readily

Diffusivity-limited q-space trajectory imaging

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Magnetic Resonance Letters 2023年第2期3卷 187-196,I0005页

作者： Deneb Boito magnus Herberthson Tom Dela Haije Ida Blystad Evren Ozarslan Department of Biomedical Engineering Campus USLinkoping UniversityLinkopingSE-58183.Sweden Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization Linkoping UniversityLinkopingSE-58183Sweden Department of Mathematics Linkoping UniversityLinkopingSE-58183Sweden Department of Computer Science University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDK-2300Denmark Department of Radiology in Linkoping and Department of Health Medicine and Caring SciencesLinkoping UniversityLinkopingSE-58183Sweden

Q-space trajectory imaging(QTI)allows non-invasive estimation of microstructural features of heterogeneous porous media via diffusion magnetic resonance imaging performed with generalised gradient waveforms.A recently proposed constrained estimation framework,called QTI+,improved QTI's resilience to noise and data sparsity,thus increasing the reliability of the method by enforcing relevant positivity *** this work we consider expanding the set of constraints to be applied during the fitting of the QTI *** show that the additional conditions,which introduce an upper bound on the diffusivity values,further improve the retrieved parameters on a publicly available human brain dataset as well as on data acquired from healthy volunteers using a scanner-ready protocol.

关键词： Diffusion Diffusion MRI q-space trajectory imaging QTI Microstructure Microscopic anisotropy QTI+ Constrained