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Behavioral dependent dispersal in the invasive round goby Neogobius melanostomus depends on population age

Current Zoology 2015年第3期61卷 529-542页

作者： magnus thorlacius gustav hellstrom tomas brodin Department of Ecology and Environmental Science Umea University Linnaeus v/ig 6 90187 Umeh Sweden

Biological invasions cause major ecological and economic costs in invaded habitats. The round goby Neogobius me- lanostomus is a successful invasive species and a major threat to the biodiversity and ecological function of the Baltic Sea. It is native to the Ponto-Caspian region and has, via ballast water transport of ships, invaded the Gulf of Gdansk in Poland. Since 1990, it has spread as far north as Raahe in Northern Finland （64~41 ＂04＂N, 24~28＂44＂E）. Over the past decade, consistent indi- vidual differences of behavioral expressions have been shown to explain various ecological processes such as dispersal, survival or reproduction. We have previously shown that new and old populations differ in personality trait expression. Individuals in new populations are bolder, less sociable and more active than in old populations. Here we investigate if the behavioral differentiation can be explained by phenotype-dependent dispersal. This was investigated by measuring activity, boldness and sociability of in- dividually marked gobies, and subsequently allowing them to disperse in a system composed of five consecutive tanks connected by tubes. Individual dispersal tendency and distance was measured. Our results revealed that in newly established populations, more active individuals disperse sooner and that latency of a group to disperse depends on the mean sociability of the group. This indicates the presence of personality dependent dispersal in this species and that it is maintained at the invasion front but lost as the populations get older

关键词： Personality Activity Dispersal Round goby Neogobius melanostomus Species invasions

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Balancing past and present： how experience influences boldness over time in Eurasian perch

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Current Zoology 2017年第2期63卷 159-164页

作者： gustav hellstrom Carin MAGNHAGEN Department of Ecology and Environmental Science Umea University SE-901 87 Umea Sweden Department of Wildlife Fish and Environmental Studies Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences 901 83 Umea Sweden.

Adapting to fluctuating predation conditions is a challenge for prey. By learning through experi- ence, animals may adjust their anti-predator behavior to better reflect current predation risk. Although many studies show experience of predation to alter prey behavior, little is known about how prey rely on such experience over time. By comparing boldness over different temporal scales between individuals of Eurasian perch, either experienced or naive of predators, we examine how risk is traded based on past and present experience. Differences in predator exposure during the first year of life were found to lead to differences in risk-taking behavior, even after the perch been kept in a predator-free environment for 9 months. However, the response to a potential predator was quickly readjusted after increased experience of current conditions. The results highlight how prey have to balance past experiences of predators against current threat levels.

关键词： behavior fish learning personality predation risk-taking.

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