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Epi- and endobiont faunal communities on an Egyptian Mediterranean rocky shore: species composition and their competition for space

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2021年第1期39卷 198-207页

作者： Magdy EL HEDENY Mohamed RASHWAN Sebastián RICHIANO Saleh AL FARRAJ Ghada AL BASHER Department of Geology Faculty of ScienceAlexandria UniversityAlexandria 21568Egypt Department of Biological and Geological Sciences Faculty of EducationAlexandria UniversityAlexandria 14037Egypt Instituto Patagónico de Geología y Paleontología(CONICET-CENPAT) Puerto Madryn 9120Argentina Department of Zoology College of SciencesKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box 2455Riyadh 11451Saudi Arabia

The exposed calcareous rocky area of the Abu Qir Headland,east of Alexandria,Egypt which range from coarse grains,through pebbles,cobbles,and boulders to rocky platforms,was signifi cantly colonized by sclerobionts(epibionts and endobionts).The epibiont species diversity was comparatively higher than that of endobionts.Epibiont communities included bryozoans(the anascan-grade cheilostome Bifl ustra savartii),serpulid(Hydroides elegans,Spirobranchus cf.tetraceros,Vermiliopsis striaticeps and Protula or Apomatus)and spirorbid(Spirorbis)wormtubes,and balanoid barnacles(Amphibalanus amphitrite,Balanus trigonus,and Perforatus perforatus).The cheilostome bryozoan colonies,which developed extensive sheets,proliferated on the study rocky shore either encrusting the bioeroded basement directly,or encrusting other epilithic taxa,particularly balanoid barnacles and serpulid worms.Encrusters displayed a remarkable marginal competitive interaction(overgrowth and stand-off)for space on the study rocky shore.On the other hand,endobionts were not well represented on the studied rocky shore exposure.It was possible to identify three ichnotaxa:Gastrochaenolites,Maeandropolydora,and Finichnus.The fi ndings documented represent a signifi cant contribution to our knowledge of sclerobionts composition,sequence of their colonization and/or bioerosion,and their mutual relationships on the intertidal rocky shore of the Abu Qir Headland.

关键词： sclerobionts encrustation bioerosion Mediterranean Egypt

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Possible role of intestinal stem cells in the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第13期26卷 1427-1438页

作者： magdy el-Salhy Section for Gastroenterology Department of MedicineStord HospitalStord 5409Norway Department of Clinical Medicine University of BergenBergen 5021Norway

The pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)is not completely understood.However,several factors are known to play a role in pathophysiology of IBS such as genetics,diet,gut microbiota,gut endocrine cells,stress and low-grade inflammation.Understanding the pathophysiology of IBS may open the way for new treatment approaches.Low density of intestinal stem cells and low differentiation toward enteroendocrine cells has been reported recently in patients with IBS.These abnormalities are believed to be the cause of the low density of enteroendocrine cells seen in patients with IBS.Enteroendocrine cells regulate gastrointestinal motility,secretion,absorption and visceral sensitivity.Gastrointestinal dysmotility,abnormal absorption/secretion and visceral hypersensitivity are all seen in patients with IBS and haven been attributed to the low density the intestinal enteroendocrine cells in these patients.The present review conducted a literature search in Medline(Pub Med)covering the last ten years until November 2019,where articles in English were included.Articles about the intestinal stem cells and their possible role in the pathophysiology of IBS are discussed in the present review.The present review discusses the assumption that intestinal stem cells play a central role in the pathophysiology of IBS and that the other factors known to contribute to the pathophysiology of IBS such as genetics,diet gut microbiota,stress,and lowgrade inflammation exert their effects through affecting the intestinal stem cells.It reports further the data that support this assumption on genetics,diet,gut microbiota,stress with depletion of glutamine,and inflammation.

关键词： Diet Gut enteroendocrine cells Gut microbiota Low grade inflammation Stress

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Recent developments in the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第25期21卷 7621-7636页

作者： magdy el-Salhy Section for Gastroenterology Department of Medicine Stord Hospital Section of Neuroendocrine Gastroenterology Division of Gastroenterology Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of Bergen National Centre for Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Department of Medicine Haukeland University Hospital

Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) is a common gastrointestinal disorder, the pathophysiology of which is not completely known, although it has been shown that genetic/social learning factors, diet, intestinal microbiota, intestinal low-grade inflammation, and abnormal gastrointestinal endocrine cells play a major role. Studies of familial aggregation and on twins have confirmed the heritability of IBS. However, the proposed IBS risk genes are thus far nonvalidated hits rather than true predisposing factors. There is no convincing evidence that IBS patients suffer from food allergy/intolerance, with the effect exerted by diet seemingly caused by intake of poorly absorbed carbohydrates and fiber. Obesity is a possible comorbidity of IBS. Differences in the microbiota between IBS patients and healthy controls have been reported, but the association between IBS symptoms and specific bacterial species is uncertain. Low-grade inflammation appears to play a role in the pathophysiology of a major subset of IBS, namely postinfectious IBS. The density of intestinal endocrine cells is reduced in patients with IBS, possibly as a result of genetic factors, diet, intestinal microbiota, and low-grade inflammation interfering with the regulatory signals controlling the intestinal stem-cell clonogenic and differentiation activities. Furthermore, there is speculation that this decreased number of endocrine cells is responsible for the visceral hypersensitivity, disturbed gastrointestinal motility, and abnormal gut secretion seen in IBS patients.

关键词： Diet Endocrine cells Genetic factors Lowgradeinflammation Microbiota Stem ce

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Irritable bowel syndrome:Diagnosis and pathogenesis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第37期18卷 5151-5163页

作者： magdy el-Salhy Section for Gastroenterology Department of MedicineStord Helse-Fonna Hospital Section for Gastroenterology Institute of MedicineUniversity of Bergen

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common gastro-intestinal (GI) disorder that considerably reduces the quality of life. It further represents an economic burden on society due to the high consumption of healthcare resources and the non-productivity of IBS patients. The diagnosis of IBS is based on symptom assessment and the Rome Ⅲ criteria. A combination of the Rome Ⅲ criteria, a physical examination, blood tests, gastros-copy and colonoscopy with biopsies is believed to be necessary for diagnosis. Duodenal chromogranin A cell density is a promising biomarker for the diagnosis of IBS. The pathogenesis of IBS seems to be multifactorial, with the following factors playing a central role in the pathogenesis of IBS:heritability and genetics, dietary/intestinal microbiota, low-grade inflammation, and disturbances in the neuroendocrine system (NES) of the gut. One hypothesis proposes that the cause of IBS is an altered NES, which would cause abnormal GI motility, secretions and sensation. All of these abnormalities are characteristic of IBS. Alterations in the NES could be the result of one or more of the following:genetic factors, dietary intake, intestinal flora, or lowgrade inflammation. Post-infectious IBS (PI-IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease-associated IBS (IBD-IBS) represent a considerable subset of IBS cases. Patients with PI-and IBD-IBS exhibit low-grade mucosal inflammation, as well as abnormalities in the NES of the gut.

关键词：发病机制胃肠道综合征诊断神经内分泌系统运动异常遗传因素肠道菌群

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Maternal-Fetal Hepatitis E Transmission:Is It Underestimated?

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2014年第2期2卷 117-123页

作者： Maysaa el Sayed Zaki Mohammed magdy Abd el Razek Hassan magdy Abd el Razek Clinical Pathology Mansoura Faculty of Medicine Egypt Mansoura University Hospital Egypt

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an enterically transmitted virus;and several modes of transmission have been proposed, including blood transfusion, person to person transmission, and transplacental transmission. HEV during pregnancy is asso-ciated with an unfavorable prognosis for mothers and in severe cases can cause acute fulminate hepatitis and death. Transplacental transmission of HEV usually results in unfa-vorable outcomes of pregnancy, mainly fetal loss, preterm labor, and hepatic dysfunction in neonates. In this review, we will summarize the effects of HEV on maternal-fetal health in various clinical situations.

关键词： Hepatitis E virus Vertical transmission Prevention

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Mitigation of sulfate reducing Desulfovibrio ferrophilus microbiologically influenced corrosion of X80 using THPS biocide enhanced by Peptide A

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第12期107卷 43-51页

作者： Junlei Wang Hongfang Liu magdy el-Said Mohamed Mazen A.Saleh Tingyue Gu Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Institute for Corrosion and Multiphase TechnologyOhio UniversityAthensOH 45701USA School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Research and Development Center Saudi Arabian Oil CompanyDhahran 31311Saudi Arabia

Tetrakis hydroxymethyl phosphonium sulfate(THPS) was enhanced by a 14-mer Peptide A, with its core12-mer sequence mimicking part of Equinatoxin II protein, in the mitigation of sulfate reducing Desulfovibrio ferrophilus MIC(microbiologically influenced corrosion) of X80 carbon steel. Results proved that50 ppm(w/w) THPS was sufficient to mitigate the D. ferrophilus biofilm, and its very agressive MIC(19.7mg/cm^(2) in 7 days or 1.31 mm/a), but not 20 ppm THPS. To achieve effective mitigation at a low dosage of THPS, biofilm-dispersing Peptide A was added to 20 ppm THPS in the culture medium. Sessile cell counts were reduced by 2-log and 4-log after enhancement by 10 ppb and 100 ppb Peptide A, respectively. Enhancement efficiency(further reduction in corrosion rate) reached 69% for 10 ppb Peptide A and 83% for100 ppb Peptide A compared with 20 ppm THPS alone treatment, indicating that Peptide A was a good biocide enhancer for THPS.

关键词： Microbiologically influenced corrosion Carbon steel Sulfate-reducing bacteria Biofilm Biocide

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The role of polymorphic cytochrome P450 gene(CYP2B6)in B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia(B-CLL)incidence and outcome among Egyptian patients

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Oncology Research 2024年第4期32卷 785-797页

作者： MENNA AL-ADL magdy MYOUSSEF AHMED el-SEBAIE SHERIF REFAAT AFAF el-SAID Division of Biochemistry Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceMansoura UniversityMansoura35511Egypt Hematology Unit Department of Clinical PathologyFaculty of MedicineMansoura UniversityMansoura35511Egypt Medical Oncology Unit Oncology Center Mansoura UniversityMansoura35511Egypt Department of Genetics Mansoura University Children’s HospitalMansoura35511Egypt

Cytochromes P450(CYPs)play a prominent role in catalyzing phase I xenobiotic biotransformation and account for about 75%of the total metabolism of commercially available drugs,including chemotherapeutics.The gene expression and enzyme activity of CYPs are variable between individuals,which subsequently leads to different patterns of susceptibility to carcinogenesis by genotoxic xenobiotics,as well as differences in the efficacy and toxicity of clinically used drugs.This research aimed to examine the presence of the CYP2B6*9 polymorphism and its possible association with the incidence of B-CLL in Egyptian patients,as well as the clinical outcome after receiving cyclophosphamide chemotherapy.DNA was isolated from whole blood samples of 100 de novo B-CLL cases and also from 100 sex-and age-matched healthy individuals.The presence of the CYP2B6*9(G516T)polymorphism was examined by PCR-based allele specific amplification(ASA).Patients were further indicated for receiving chemotherapy,and then they were followed up.The CYP2B6*9 variant indicated a statistically significant higher risk of B-CLL under different genetic models,comprising allelic(T-allele vs.G-allele,OR=4.8,pels.Following cyclophosphamide chemotherapy,we found that the patients with variant genotypes(GT+TT)were less likely to achieve remission compared to those with the wild-type genotype(GG),with a response percentage of(37.5%vs.83%,respectively).In conclusion,our findings showed that the CYP2B6*9(G516T)polymorphism is associated with B-CLL susceptibility among Egyptian patients.This variant greatly affected the clinical outcome and can serve as a good therapeutic marker in predicting response to cyclophosphamide treatment.

关键词： B-CLL Xenobiotics Cytochromes P450 CYP2B6

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Fecal microbiota transplantation for irritable bowel syndrome:An intervention for the 21st century

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第22期27卷 2921-2943页

作者： magdy el-Salhy Tanisa Patcharatrakul Sutep Gonlachanvit Department of Medicine Stord Helse Fonna Hospital and University of BergenStord 5416Norway Department of Medicine King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital and Center of Excellence in Neurogastroenterology and MotilityChulalongkorn UniversityBangkok 10330Thailand

Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)affects about 12%of the global population.Although IBS does not develop into a serious disease or increase mortality,it results in a considerable reduction in the quality of life.The etiology of IBS is not known,but the intestinal microbiota appears to play a pivotal role in its pathophysiology.There is no effective treatment for IBS,and so the applied treatments clinically focus on symptom relief.Fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT),an old Chinese treatment,has been applied to IBS patients in seven randomized controlled trials(RCTs).Positive effects on IBS symptoms in various degrees were obtained in four of these RCTs,while there was no effect in the remaining three.Across the seven RCTs there were marked differences in the selection processes for the donor and treated patients,the transplant dose,the route of administration,and the methods used to measure how the patients responded to FMT.The present frontier discusses these differences and proposes:(1)criteria for selecting an effective donor(superdonor);(2)selection criteria for patients that are suitable for FMT;(3)the optimal FMT dose;and(4)the route of transplant administration.FMT appears to be safe,with only mild,self-limiting side effects of abdominal pain,cramping,tenderness,diarrhea,and constipation.Although it is early to speculate about the mechanisms underlying the effects of FMT,the available data suggest that changes in the intestinal bacteria accompanied by changes in fermentation patterns and fermentation products(specifically short-chain fatty acids)play an important role in improving the IBS symptoms seen after FMT.FMT appears to be a promising treatment for IBS,but further studies are needed before it can be applied in everyday clinical practice.

关键词： Butyric acid Enteroendocrine cells Etiology Microbiota Short-chain fatty acids Superdonor Therapy

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High densities of serotonin and peptide YY cells in the colon of patients with lymphocytic colitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第42期18卷 6070-6075页

作者： magdy el-Salhy Doris Gundersen Jan Gunnar Hatlebakk Trygve Hausken Section for Gastroenterology Department of MedicineStord Helse-Fonna HospitalBox 40005409 StordNorway Department of Research Helse-Fonna5528 HaugesundNorway Section for Gastroenterology Institute of MedicineUniversity of Bergen5029 BergenNorway

AIM:To investigate colonic endocrine cells in lymphocytic colitis(LC) patients.METHODS:Fifty-seven patients with LC were included.These patients were 41 females and 16 males,with an average age of 49 years(range 19-84 years).Twenty-seven subjects that underwent colonoscopy with biopsies were used as controls.These subjects underwent colonoscopy because of gastrointestinal bleeding or health worries,where the source of bleeding was identified as haemorrhoids or angiodysplasia.They were 19 females and 8 males with an average age of 49 years(range 18-67 years).Biopsies from the right and left colon were obtained from both patients and controls during colonoscopy.Biopsies were fixed in 4% buffered paraformaldehyde,embedded in paraffin and cut into 5 m-thick sections.The sections immunostained by the avidin-biotin-complex method for serotonin,peptide YY(PYY),pancreatic polypeptide(PP) enteroglucagon and somatostatin cells.The cell densities were quantified by computerised image analysis using Olympus software.RESULTS:The colon of both the patient and the control subjects were macroscopically normal.Histopathological examination of colon biopsies from controls revealed normal histology.All patients fulfilled the diagnosis criteria required for of LC:an increase in intraepithelial lymphocytes(> 20 lymphocytes/100 epithelial cells) and surface epithelial damage with increased lamina propria plasma cells and absent or minimal crypt architectural distribution.In the colon of both patients and control subjects,serotonin-,PYY-,PP-,enteroglucagon-and somatostatin-immunoreactive cells were primarily located in the upper part of the crypts of Lieberkühn.These cells were basket-or flask-shaped.There was no statistically significant difference between the right and left colon in controls with regards to the densities of serotonin-and PYYimmunoreactive cells(P = 0.9 and 0.1,respectively).Serotonin cell density in the right colon in controls was 28.9 ± 1.8 and in LC patients 41.6 ± 2.6(P = 0.008).In the left colon,the corresponding

关键词：淋巴细胞性五羟色胺结肠炎高密度患者多肽上皮内淋巴细胞计算机图像分析技术

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HDLIDP: A Hybrid Deep Learning Intrusion Detection and Prevention Framework

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第11期73卷 2293-2312页

作者： magdy M.Fadel Sally M.el-Ghamrawy Amr M.T.Ali-eldin Mohammed K.Hassan Ali I.el-Desoky Computer Engineering and Systems Department Faculty of EngineeringMansoura UniversityMansoura35516DKEgypt Head of Communications and Computer Engineering Department MISR Higher Institute for Engineering and TechnologyMansoura35111DKEgypt Mechatronics Department Faculty of EngineeringHours University in Egypt(HUE)New Damietta34517DTEgypt

Distributed denial-of-service(DDoS)attacks are designed to interrupt network services such as email servers and webpages in traditional computer networks.Furthermore,the enormous number of connected devices makes it difficult to operate such a network effectively.Software defined networks(SDN)are networks that are managed through a centralized control system,according to researchers.This controller is the brain of any SDN,composing the forwarding table of all data plane network switches.Despite the advantages of SDN controllers,DDoS attacks are easier to perpetrate than on traditional networks.Because the controller is a single point of failure,if it fails,the entire network will fail.This paper offers a Hybrid Deep Learning Intrusion Detection and Prevention(HDLIDP)framework,which blends signature-based and deep learning neural networks to detect and prevent intrusions.This framework improves detection accuracy while addressing all of the aforementioned problems.To validate the framework,experiments are done on both traditional and SDN datasets;the findings demonstrate a significant improvement in classification accuracy.

关键词： Software defined networks(SDN) distributed denial of service attack(DDoS) signature-based detection whale optimization algorism(WOA) deep learning neural network classifier

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