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Evaluating the Impacts of Climate Variability on Cocoa Production in the Western Centre of Cote d’Ivoire during 1979-2010

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2023年第2期13卷 201-224页

作者： Fidèle Yoroba Kouakou Kouadio Benjamin Komenan Kouassi madina doumbia Adama Diawara Bernard K. Dje Edward Naabil Dro Touré Tiemoko Laboratory of Atmosphere Physic and Mechanic Fluids (LAPA-MF) University Felix Houphouet-Boigny UFR SSMT Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire Geophysical Station of Lamto (GSL) N’Douci C&#244te d’Ivoire Department of Mathematics Physics Chemistry (MPC) University Péléforo Gbon Coulibaly of KORHOGO Korhogo C&#244te d’Ivoire Société d’exploitation et développement Aéroportuaire et Météorologique (SODEXAM) Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire Department of Agricultural Engineering Bolgatanga Technical University Bolgatanga Ghana Fundamental Applied Sciences (SFA) University Nangui Abrogoua Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire

Climate variability impacts on cocoa production are evaluated for the first time using 31 years (1979-2010) of data from SODEXAM (climate ground- based observations) and the ex-CAISTAB in three main cocoa production regions (Goh, Marahoué, and Haut-Sassandra) in the west-central part of Cote d’Ivoire. The work is a contribution to improving the quality of climate services dedicated to cocoa cultivation to ensure producers’ income and improve the yield of the production in the west-central part of Cote d’Ivoire. The results show that cocoa production is affected by the changes and variability in climate conditions (i.e. rainfall and temperature). In the Goh region, the increase in cocoa production seems to be mostly related to the augmentation of rainfall amount while in Marahoué, the increase in temperature is identified to have a more significant impact. Over the Haut-Sassandra region, both temperature and rainfall seem to have a considerable effect on the changes in cocoa production. The analysis based on linear regression by least-squares fit shows two characteristic modes (low and high-frequency variability) in the relationships between cocoa production and meteorological conditions suggesting a strong temporal signal impact related to the changes in the emblazoned surfaces. This leads to an important impact of the short-term variations of climate in cocoa production whereas, the influence of the long-term variability in climate on the cocoa yield seems marginal.

关键词： Agriculture Climate Cocoa Rainfall Air Temperature Cote d’Ivoire

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Evidence of Long-Term Trend of Visibility in the Sahel and Coevolution with Meteorological Conditions and Vegetation Cover during the Recent Period

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2019年第3期9卷 346-368页

作者： Siélé Silué Touré E. N’Datchoh Arona Diedhiou Emmanuel Quansah madina doumbia Université Peleforo Gon Coulibaly Korhogo C&#244 te d’Ivoire LAPA-MF Université Félix Houphou&#235 t-Boigny Abidjan C&#244 te d’Ivoire IGE CNRS Grenoble INP IRD Université Grenoble Alpes Grenoble France Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana

In this study, the long term trend of the observed visibility data used directly (without conversion into dust concentrations) over Sahel was investigated between 1957 and 2013. Then, to review the influence of atmospheric factors and land surface conditions on this trend, the coevolution between the visibility and the dust surface mass concentration from MERRA-2 (Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications) reanalysis, the in-situ surface meteorological data (rainfall, relative humidity, wind speed, and air temperature), as well as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) were analyzed from 2000 to 2013. We showed that the horizontal visibility has significantly decreased since the 1970s. The coevolution between the visibility and the dust surface mass concentration revealed that visibility decreased significantly with increments in dust concentrations. Visibility increases with rainfall and relative humidity. It is greater in areas of high vegetation cover than in deforested areas. Visibility is weakly correlated with wind speed and air temperature but generally, wind leads to a decrease in visibility, while warm air temperature is associated with a clearer sky and hence, high visibility. The worst visibility in the dry season results from high dust concentrations due to warm and dry wind conditions and less vegetation cover. Rainfall, relative humidity and vegetation cover are the dominant factors contributing to the decrease of dust loading in the Sahel.

关键词： Visibility Dust Climate Vegetation Sahel

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Measurement of Atmospheric Black Carbon Concentration in Rural and Urban Environments: Cases of Lamto and Abidjan

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2021年第11期12卷 855-872页

作者： Adjon A. Kouassi madina doumbia Siélé Silue Eric M. Yao Alima Dajuma Marcellin Adon N'datchoh E. Touré Véronique Yoboue Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Technology (LSTE) Jean Lorougnon Guede University Daloa C&ocirc te d’Ivoire Peleforo Gon Coulibaly University Korhogo C&ocirc te d’Ivoire Laboratory of Matter Sciences Environment and Solar Energy (LASMES) Félix Houphou&euml t-Boigny University Abidjan C&ocirc te d’Ivoire

Black carbon is one of the primary aerosols directly emitted from biomass known to have strong absorbing properties. The INDAAF and PASMU observational field campaigns which took place (2018) in Abidjan (urban area) and Lamto (rural area) allow the analysis of Black carbon concentration at different time scales through real-time measurements using an analyzer named Aethalometer AE-33. Results presented here show at Lamto: 1) for the diurnal scale an average of 1.71 ± 0.3 μg⋅m-3 (0.34 ± 0.09 μg⋅m-3) in the dry (wet) season;2) for the monthly scale an average of 1.14 ± 0.84 μg⋅m-3;3) on the seasonal scale, an average of 2.2 ± 0.02 μg⋅m-3 (0.6 ± 0.19 μg⋅m-3) in the dry (wet) season. The black carbon variation at Lamto is seasonal with an amplification factor of 85.6. Regarding the urban area of Abidjan, due to sampling issues, our analyses were limited to daily, diurnal and weekly time scales. We observed: a) at a daily scale an average of 5.31.± 2.5 μg⋅m-3, b) diurnal scale, an average ranging from 6.87 to 13.92 μg⋅m-3. The analysis indicated that emissions from urban areas are more related to social and economic activities, with weekday concentrations (7.24 μg⋅m-3) higher than concentrations over the weekend (e.g. Saturday 6.59 μg⋅m-3 and Sunday 6.00 μg⋅m-3). Moreover, BC concentration in Abidjan is quite noticeable compared to that of rural areas (Lamto). The ratio between the maximum values of the two areas is of the order of 5.86. In addition, concentrations in some urban areas are slightly above the daily threshold set by the WHO (10 μg⋅m-3). Therefore, the levels of urban BC concentrations are alarming whilst rural BC concentrations remain below daily WHO thresholds and are of the same magnitude as those of West African megacities. This study underlies that BC concentrations at Lamto are mainly related to biomass combustion sources while those

关键词： Carbonaceous Aerosols Black Carbon Source Apportionment Fossil Fuel Biomass Burning

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