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Carbon capture and sequestration:The roles of agriculture and soils

International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2016年第1期9卷 1-8页

作者： Bill Stout Rattan lal Curtis Monger Michigan State University East LansingMichigan 48824USA Texas A&M University College StationTexas 77843-2117USA Carbon Management and Sequestration Center The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhio 43210USA Pedology and Environmental Science New Mexico State UniversityLas CrucesNew Mexico 88003USA

Renewable energy as a replacement for fossil fuels is highly desirable,but the reality is that fossil fuels(especially coal and petroleum)will be major sources of global energy for many decades to ***,carbon capture is vital to reduce release of carbon emissions and other GHG’s to the atmosphere thereby mitigating global *** presentation is a review of the role of agriculture and soils in carbon *** sequestration in soils is the process of transferring CO2 from the atmosphere into soils through crop *** carbon sequestration increases with practices long recommended to increase yields,such as no-till,manure application,agroforestry and cover *** is a Win-Win-Win strategy―advancing food security,improving the environment,and mitigating global *** enrichment in greenhouse culture is in widespread use and has been adopted by many commercial *** results in remarkable increases in yields of flowers and *** has shown the same increase in yields of trees and field crops with higher CO2 *** question is,how can CO2 be applied to field crops to increase yields?Restoration of desertified lands would improve soil quality,increase the pool of C in soils and forests,reduce CO2 emission to the atmosphere,and improve soil *** of additional carbon in soils would reduce CO2 emissions to the atmosphere thus mitigating global *** of forests is important,but real trees have ecological *** trees could be used to absorb CO2 from the air any place on the planet,from any source―power plants,vehicles,and all industrial *** of CO2 in irrigation water could reduce the pH and help restore alkaline *** is needed to further clarify the cost and benefit of many agriculture technologies for capturing and storing carbon.

关键词： carbon capture sequestration soils agriculture parasitic cost of carbon capture and sequestration

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Regulation of the SQUAMOSA PROMOTER-BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE genes/microRNA 156 Module by the Homeodomain Proteins PENNYWISE and POUND-FOOLISH in Arabidopsis

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Molecular Plant 2011年第6期4卷 1123-1132页

作者： Shruti lal Leo Bryan Pacis Harley M.S. Smith Genetics Genomics and Bioinformatics Graduate Program University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA Center for Plant Cell Biology Institute of Integrative Genome Biology Department of Botany and Plant Sciences University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA

The morphology of inflorescences is regulated in part by the temporal and spatial events that regulate flower specification. In Arabidopsis, an endogenous flowering time pathway mediated by a subset of SQUAMOSA PROMOTER- BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE （SPL） transcription factors, including SPL3, SPL4, and SPL5, function to specify flowers by activating floral meristem identity genes. During shoot development, SPL3, SPL4, and SPL5 are post-transcriptionally regulated by microRNA156 （miR156）. The photoperiod regulated florigenic signal, FLOWERING LOCUS T （FT）, promotes floral induction, in part by activating SPL3, SPL4, and SPL5. In turn, these SPLs function in parallel with FT to specify flower meristems. Two related BELLl-like homeobox genes PENNYWISE （PNY） and POUND-FOOLISH （PNF） expressed in the shoot apical meristem are absolutely required for the specification of floral meristems. Genetic studies show that the floral specification function of FT depends upon PNYand PNF; however, the interplay between these homeodomain proteins and SPLs is not known. In this manuscript, we show that the photoperiodic floral induction of SPL3, SPL4, and SPL5 is dependent upon PNY and PNE Further, PNY and PNF also control SPL3, SPL4, and SPL5 expression by negatively regulating miR156. Lastly, ectopic expres- sion of SPL4 partially rescues the pny pnf non-flower-producing phenotype, while overexpression of SPL3 or SPL5 in pny pnf plants was unable to restore flower specification. These results suggest that：（1） SPL3, SPL4, and SPL5 function is dependent upon PNY and PNF, or （2） expression of multiple SPLs is required for floral specification in pny pnf plants.

关键词： Development meristem homeodomain flowering microRNA.

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Spatio-temporal characteristics of cultivated land fragmentation in different landform areas with a case study in Northeast China

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2020年第1期6卷 581-591,580页

作者： Fengkui Qian Yanru Chi Rattan lal Klaus Lorenz College of Land and Environment Shenyang Agriculture UniversityShenyangPR China National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources ShenyangPR China Carbon Management and Sequestration Center School of Environment and Natural ResourcesThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA

Assessing the temporal and spatial characteristics of cultivated land fragmentation is necessary to identify management practices that can reduce negative environmental ***,the purpose of this study was to use principal component analysis and spatial autocorrelation to analyze the dynamic characteristics of cultivated land fragmentation in different landform areas in Liaoning Province,China,in terms of time and *** additional objective was to match the changes with the natural and social environment to support the sustainable development of fragmented cultivated *** results indicated that the evolutionary trends of cultivated land fragmentation in the central plain area showed a weakening trend,contrary to those observed in the western hilly and eastern mountainous ***,the spatial distribution characteristics of cultivated land fragmentation in the western hilly area were generally“external low,internal high,”primarily because of the edge density of cultivated land *** spatial distribution characteristics of cultivated land fragmentation in the central plain area were generally“external high,internal low,”primarily because of the number and division of cultivated land *** spatial distribution characteristics of cultivated land fragmentation in the eastern mountainous area were generally“south low,north high”because of the division of cultivated land *** results can provide guidelines for planners,managers,decision-makers and others to formulate regulatory policies,identify land remediation areas,and promote the sustainable development of cultivated land.

关键词： Cultivated land fragmentation spatiotemporal characteristics different landforms Northeast China

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Computational Investigation of Brownian Motion and Thermophoresis Effect on Blood-Based Casson Nanofluid on a Non-linearly Stretching Sheet with Ohmic and Viscous Dissipation Effects

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第11期141卷 1137-1163页

作者： Haris Alam Zuberi Madan lal Shivangi Verma Nurul Amira Zainal Department of Applied Mathematics M.J.P.Rohilkhand UniversityBareilly243006Uttar PradeshIndia Fakulti Teknologi dan Kejuruteraan Mekanikal Universiti Teknikal MalaysiaMelakaDurian Tunggal76100Malaysia Forecasting and Engineering Technology Analysis(FETA)Research Group Universiti Teknikal MalaysiaMelakaDurian Tunggal76100Malaysia

Motivated by the widespread applications of nanofluids,a nanofluid model is proposed which focuses on uniform magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)boundary layer flow over a non-linear stretching sheet,incorporating the Casson model for blood-based nanofluid while accounting for viscous and Ohmic dissipation effects under the cases of Constant Surface Temperature(CST)and Prescribed Surface Temperature(PST).The study employs a two-phase model for the nanofluid,coupled with thermophoresis and Brownian motion,to analyze the effects of key fluid parameters such as thermophoresis,Brownian motion,slip velocity,Schmidt number,Eckert number,magnetic parameter,and non-linear stretching parameter on the velocity,concentration,and temperature profiles of the *** proposed model is novel as it simultaneously considers the impact of thermophoresis and Brownian motion,along with Ohmic and viscous dissipation effects,in both CST and PST scenarios for blood-based Casson *** numerical technique built into MATLAB’s bvp4c module is utilized to solve the governing system of coupled differential equations,revealing that the concentration of nanoparticles decreases with increasing thermophoresis and Brownian motion parameters while the temperature of the nanofluid ***,a higher Eckert number is found to reduce the nanofluid temperature.A comparative analysis between CST and PST scenarios is also undertaken,which highlights the significant influence of these factors on the fluid’s *** findings have potential applications in biomedical processes to enhance fluid velocity and heat transfer rates,ultimately improving patient outcomes.

关键词： Brownian motion boundary layer flow thermophoresis bvp4c module viscous dissipation ohmic dissipation partial slip

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Economic Power Dispatching from Distributed Generations: Review of Optimization Techniques

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Energy Engineering 2024年第3期121卷 557-579页

作者： Paramjeet Kaur Krishna Teerth Chaturvedi Mohan lal Kolhe Department of Electrical&Electronics Engineering University Institute of TechnologyBhopalIndia Faculty of Engineering and Science University of AgderKristiansandNorway

In the increasingly decentralized energy environment,economical power dispatching from distributed generations(DGs)is crucial to minimizing operating costs,optimizing resource utilization,and guaranteeing a consistent and sustainable supply of electricity.A comprehensive review of optimization techniques for economic power dispatching from distributed generations is imperative to identify the most effective strategies for minimizing operational costs while maintaining grid stability and *** choice of optimization technique for economic power dispatching from DGs depends on a number of factors,such as the size and complexity of the power system,the availability of computational resources,and the specific requirements of the *** techniques for economic power dispatching from distributed generations(DGs)can be classified into two main categories:(i)Classical optimization techniques,(ii)Heuristic optimization *** classical optimization techniques,the linear programming(LP)model is one of the most popular optimization *** the LP model,power demand and network constraints are met while minimizing the overall cost of generating electricity from *** approach is efficient in determining the best DGs dispatch and is capable of handling challenging optimization issues in the large-scale system including *** quadratic programming(QP)model,a classical optimization technique,is a further popular optimization method,to consider *** QP model can take into account the quadratic cost of energy production,with consideration constraints like network capacity,voltage,and *** metaheuristic optimization techniques are also used for economic power dispatching from DGs,which include genetic algorithms(GA),particle swarm optimization(PSO),and ant colony optimization(ACO).Also,Some researchers are developing hybrid optimization techniques that combine elements of classical and heuristic optimiz

关键词： Economic power dispatching distributed generations decentralized energy cost minimization optimization techniques

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Transmission in mobile cloudlet systems with intermittent connectivity in emergency areas

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Digital Communications and Networks 2018年第1期4卷 69-75页

作者： Chhabi Rani Panigrahi Joy lal Sarkar Bibudhendu Pati Department of Computer Science Central University of Rajasthan Rajasthan India Department of Computer Science and Engineering C.V. Raman College of Engineering Bhubaneswar India

The recent development of Mobile Cloud Computing has helped in solving numerous real-life problems. The rate of growth of mobile devices has been increasing at a very high pace. Mobile devices have made substantial contributions in managing emergency situations. Owing to the mobility of mobile devices, cloudlets, and their intermittent connectivity, it may become very difficult to handle emergency situations. To address this problem, a transmission model is proposed for mobile cloudlet systems, where a mobile device is used to designate a cloudlet by using the Borda scores Method and the mobile device can offload a part of its application to this cloudlet. The simulation results demonstrated that the proposed work makes a significant comtribution toward alleviating the problems associated with emergency situations.

关键词： Mobile cloudlet systems Emergency areas BSM RINIL

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Long-Term Effects of Different Passages of Vehicular Traffic on Soil Properties and Carbon Storage of a Crosby Silt Loam in USA

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Pedosphere 2019年第2期29卷 150-160页

作者： Gulab Singh YADAV Rattan lal Ram Swaroop MEENA Basant RIMAL Carbon Management and Sequestration Centre the Ohio State University

The passage of vehicles with heavy axle loads causes soil compaction, and this adversely affects soil properties and crop *** adverse effects can persist for several years due to significant changes in key soil properties. However, the mechanisms of the aforementioned effects are not well understood for conservation agriculture(CA)(e.g., no-till(NT)) wherein the use of heavy machinery is considerably common. Therefore, known compaction forces(0 Mg load for compaction(NT-0, control), two passages of 2.5 Mg water wagon axle load(NT-2), and four passages of 2.5 Mg water wagon axle load(NT-4)) were applied to all the plots annually for 20 consecutive years. The experiment was established in 1997 at the Waterman Agricultural and Natural Resources Laboratory(WANRL), Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. Each treatment was replicated thrice. Soil samples were obtained in November2016 to determine the effects of variations in the axle load and vehicular passages on carbon(C) and nitrogen(N) storage and selected soil properties of a Crosby silt loam soil under NT-based corn-soybean rotation with residue retention in Central Ohio, USA. Three locations were also randomly selected in an adjoining natural woodlot(WL) soil plot and sampled(30 m away from the compaction field) to compare the effects of vehicular traffic on soil under NT with WL soil. Results revealed that soil bulk density(ρb) and total porosity at 0–10 and 10–20 cm depths were not affected by the passages of vehicular traffic for 20 years under the NT *** penetration resistance(PR)(1.86 and 2.03 MPa at 0–10 and 10–20 cm soil depths, respectively) was significantly higher under NT-4 compared with that under other treatments. Saturated hydraulic conductivity at 0–10 and 10–20 cm soil depths ranged from19.7 to 31.4 and 18.5 to 29.5 mm d^(-1), respectively, across all the treatments. The proportion of macroaggregates(> 0.25 mm) and microaggregates(< 0.25 mm), mean weight diameter and geometric mean diam

关键词： carbon stock heavy machinery no-till residue retention soil aggregates soil compaction soil quality well-drained soil

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A novel LC–MS/MS assay for methylprednisolone in human plasma and its pharmacokinetic application

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Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2016年第3期11卷 459-468页

作者： Sridhar Siddiraju Mercy Lazar lal Prasanth Tadiboyina Sirisha Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Malla Reddy College of Pharmacy Osmania University Department of Pharmacy Shri Jagdishprasad Jhabarmal Tibrewala University Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry JSS College of Pharmacy JSS University

Methylprednisolone is a synthetic glucocorticoid. In our report, the authors proposed a sensitive and selective liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry(LC–MS/MS) assay for the determination of methylprednisolone applying budesonide as internal standard. Liquid–liquid extraction(LLE) having tert–butyl methyl ether(TBME) have been employed to extract methylprednisolone from the plasma samples. Immediately after reconstitution, the samples were chromatographed on a C18 column using an isocratic mobile phase composed of 10 m M ammonium formate buffer and acetonitrile(35:65, v/v). A flow rate of 1.00 ml/min was used to elute the analyte form the column. Analysis was carried out with an API–4000 LC–MS/MS instrument operated in multiple reaction-monitoring(MRM) mode. The linearity has been proven within the concentration range of 10.1–804 ng/ml in plasma samples. The precision(%CV) and accuracy results in five validation batches across five concentration levels were well within the acceptance limits. The drug was stable under different conditions. The particular assay has been proficiently put on pharmacokinetic study in healthy male subjects.

关键词： Methylprednisolone Human plasma Method validation LC–MS/MS Pharmacokinetics

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Key morphological changes and their linkages with stream power and land-use changes in the Upper Tapi River basin, India

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2021年第5期36卷 602-615页

作者： Resmi Saseendran Ramani Prem lal Patel Prafulkumar Vasharambhai Timbadiya Department of Civil Engineering Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology

Knowledge on spatio-temporal variations in planform, hydraulic geometry, and bed-level variations of alluvial streams is required for planning and development of hydraulic structures and bank protection works. In the current study, a Geographic Information System(GIS) has been used to analyze topographical maps, multi-temporal remotely sensed imagery, and hydrologic and hydraulic data to extract the morphological parameters of the Upper Tapi River, India. The river has been found to have consistent migration towards the northern direction, with erosion/deposition on right/left banks. The river has not experienced any major meander except in the lower reaches of the Upper Tapi Gorge and minor braiding conditions at the location where the river emerges from mountainous topography to the plain *** analyzed river cross sections were found to be depth dominated, and contain large flows within the channel banks. The cross-sections exhibited moderate channel bed adjustments in 1994, 2006, and 2007 wherein excessive sediment flux and stream power were capable of causing morphological changes in the river. High intensity rainfall in the subcatchment resulted in high sediment flux into the river during1994, which was reported to cause significant aggradation at the downgauging station. The analysis of sediment flux into the river in conjunction with decadal land use land cover, revealed that sediment yield from the catchment was reduced during 2000 e2010 due to an increase in water bodies in the form of minor hydraulic structures. The entry of comparatively less sediment laden water into the river, resulted in moderate bed degradation especially in 2006 and 2007 as observed at the downstream station. The methodology applied in the current study is generic in nature and can be applied to other rivers to identify their morphological issues.

关键词： Planform Hydraulic geometry Hatnur reservoir Land use/land cover Sediment yield

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Polymer interdigitated pillar electrostatic(PIPE)actuators

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2022年第1期8卷 185-192页

作者： Di Ni Ronald Heisser Benyamin Davaji Landon Ivy Robert Shepherd Amit lal School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Cornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Cornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA

This work reports a three-dimensional polymer interdigitated pillar electrostatic actuator that can produce force densities 5-10×higher than those of biological *** theory of operation,scaling,and stability is investigated using analytical and FEM *** actuator consists of two high-density arrays of interdigitated pillars that work against a restoring force generated by an integrated flexure *** actuator architecture enables linear actuation with higher displacements and pull-in free actuation to prevent the in-use stiction associated with other electrostatic *** pillars and springs are 3D printed together in the same *** pillars are coated with a gold-palladium alloy layer to form conductive *** space between the pillars is filled with liquid dielectrics for higher breakdown voltages and larger electrostatic forces due to the increase in the dielectric *** demonstrated a prototype actuator that produced a maximum work density of 54.6μJ/cc and an electrical-tomechanical energy coupling factor of 32%when actuated at 4000 *** device was operated for more than 100,000 cycles with no degradation in *** flexible polymer body was robust,allowing the actuator to operate even after high mechanical force impact,which was demonstrated by operation after drop *** it is scaled further,the reported actuator will enable soft and flexible muscle-like actuators that can be stacked in series and parallel to scale the resulting *** work paves the way for high-energy density actuators for microrobotic applications.

关键词： alloy electrostatic enable

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