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Carbon Resources Conversion 2020年第1期3卷 198-202页

作者： Senthilathiban swaminathan Christoph Spijker Harald Raupenstrauch Irmela Kofler Michael Koller K1-MET GmbH Stahlstraße 144020 LinzAustria Chair of Thermal Processing Technology Montanuniversitat LeobenAustria Ebner Industrieofenbau GmbH 4060 LeondingAustria

The previously developed numerical model available for predicting nitrogen oxide emissions uses flamelet approach to calculate the flame properties and estimates the concentration of NO_(X) with GRI 3.0 mechanism by solving the species transport *** existing model is further optimized to reduce the computation time without losing the *** approaches,by modifying the reaction rate calculation method,by predicting the initial values and by using dynamic mesh refinement,were implemented on OpenFOAM and analyzed with experimental data from Sandia Flame *** application of post-processor in simulating an industrial burner of 850 kW to determine nitrogen oxide emissions is also demonstrated.

关键词： NO_(X) Sandia Flame D OpenFOAM Chemical kinetics Zeldovich

Experimental investigation of anodized/spray pyrolysed nanoporous structure on heat transfer augmentation

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Journal of Thermal Science 2009年第4期18卷 358-363页

作者： Kalaiselvam S. Gugan M.S. Kuraloviyan E. Meganathan R. NiruthiyaPriyan A. swaminathan M.R. Department of Mechanical Engineering Anna University Chennai

This paper analyzes the effects of nanoporous surface on heat transfer temperaments of assorted thermal conductingmaterials. A phenomenal proposal of wielding the surface roughness to ameliorate the heat transfer ratehas been discovered. The maximum increase of heat transfer rate procured by nanoporous layers is 133.3% higherthan the polished bare metals of surface roughness 0.2μm. This plays an imperative role in designing compact refrigerationsystems, chemical and thermal power plants. Experimental results picture a formidable upswing of58.3% heat transfer in chemically etched metals of surface roughness 3 μm, 133.3% in nanoporous surface of porosity75-95 nm formed by electrochemical anodization, and porosity of 40-50 nm formed by spray pyrolysis increasesthe heat transfer by 130%. Effects of porosity, flow velocity and scaling on the energy transfer are alsoscrutinized. This paper also analyzes the multifarious modes of nanoporous fabrication, to contrive both prodigiousand provident system.

关键词：纳米多孔结构强化传热喷雾热解阳极氧化实验表面粗糙度制冷系统设计化学腐蚀

Moisture-driven phase transition for improved perovskite solar cells with reduced trap-state density

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Nano Research 2017年第4期10卷 1413-1422页

作者： swaminathan Venkatesan Fang Hao Junyoung Kim Yaoguang Rong Zhuan Zhu Yanliang Liang Jiming Bao Yan Yao Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Program University of Houston Houston Texas 77204 USA Texas Center for Superconductivity at the University of Houston Houston Texas 77204 USA

We report a mechanistic understanding of a moisture-driven intermediate-phase transition that improves the quality of perovskite thin films based on a lead-acetate precursor, improving the power-conversion effidency. We clarify the composition of the intermediate phase and attribute the transition of this phase to the hygroscopic nature of the organic product, i.e., methylammonium acetate. Thermal annealing aids in the coarsening of the grains. These decoupled processes result in better crystal formation with a lower spatial and energetic distribution of traps. Thermal annealing of the films without exposure to air results in a faster intermediate-phase transition and grain coarsening, which occur simultaneously, leading to disorder in the films and a higher deep trap-state density. Our results indicate the need for a humid environment for the growth of high-quality perovskite films and provide insight into intermediate-phase dissociation and conversion kinetics. Thus, they are useful for the large-scale production of effident solution-processed perovskite solar cells.

关键词： perovskite solar cells phase transition moisture treatment film growth

Comparison of decolorization of reactive azo dyes by microorganisms isolated from various sources

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2003年第5期15卷 628-632页

作者： S.Padamavathy S.Sandhya K.swaminathan Y.V.Subrahmanyam S.N.Kaul NationalEnvironmentalEngineeringResearchInstitute NationalEnvironmentalEngineeringResearchInstituteNationalEnvironmentalEngineeringResearchInstituteNationalEnvironmentalEngineeringResearchInstituteNationalEnvironmentalEngineeringResearchInstitute CSIRComplexChennaiIndiaCSIRComplexChennaiIndiaCSIRComplexChennaiIndiaCSIRComplexChennaiIndiaCSIRComplexChennaiIndia

Azo dyes are among the oldest man made chemicals and they are still widely used in the textile, printing and the food industries. About 10%-15% of the total dyes used in the industry is released into the environment during the manufacturing and usage. Some dyes and some of their N substituted aromatic bio transformation products are toxic and/or carcinogenic and therefore these dyes are considered to be environmental pollutants and health hazards. These azo dyes are degraded by physico chemical and biological methods. Of these, biological methods are considered to be the most economical and efficient. In this work, attempts were made to degrade these dyes aerobically. The organisms which were efficient in degrading the following azo dyes Red RB, Remazol Red, Remazol Blue, Remazol Violet, Remazol Yellow, Golden Yellow, Remazol Orange, Remazol Black were isolated from three different sources viz., wastewater treatment plant, paper mill effluent treatment plant and tannery wastewater treatment plant. The efficiency of azo dye degradation by mixed cultures from each source was analyzed. It was found that mixed cultures from tannery treatment plant worked efficiently in decolorizing Remazol Red, Remazol Orange, Remazol Blue and Remazol Violet, while mixed cultures from the paper mill effluent worked efficiently in decolorizing Red RB, Golden Yellow and Remazol Yellow. The mixed cultures from wastewater treatment plant efficiently decolorized Remazol Black.

关键词： azo dyes decolorization aerobic transformation

Flexible computational photodetectors for self-powered activity sensing

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npj Flexible Electronics 2022年第1期6卷 45-52页

作者： Dingtian Zhang Canek Fuentes-Hernandez Raaghesh Vijayan Yang Zhang Yunzhi Li Jung Wook Park Yiyang Wang Yuhui Zhao Nivedita Arora Ali Mirzazadeh Youngwook Do Tingyu Cheng Saiganesh swaminathan Thad Starner Trisha L.Andrew Gregory D.Abowd School of Interactive Computing Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGAUSA School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGAUSA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Northeastern UniversityBostonMAUSA Department of Chemistry University of Massachusetts AmherstAmherstMAUSA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA Human-Computer Interaction Institute Carnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghPAUSA Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering University of Massachusetts AmherstAmherstMAUSA

Conventional vision-based systems,such as cameras,have demonstrated their enormous versatility in sensing human activities and developing interactive ***,these systems have long been criticized for incurring privacy,power,and latency issues due to their underlying structure of pixel-wise analog signal acquisition,computation,and *** this research,we overcome these limitations by introducing in-sensor analog computation through the distribution of interconnected photodetectors in space,having a weighted responsivity,to create what we call a computational *** photodetectors can be used to extract mid-level vision features as a single continuous analog signal measured via a two-pin *** develop computational photodetectors using thin and flexible low-noise organic photodiode arrays coupled with a self-powered wireless system to demonstrate a set of designs that capture position,orientation,direction,speed,and identification information,in a range of applications from explicit interactions on everyday surfaces to implicit activity detection.

关键词： everyday overcome photodetector

Adélie penguins and temperature changes in Antarctica: a long-term view

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Integrative Zoology 2012年第2期7卷 113-120页

作者： Craig D.MILLAR Sankar SUBRAMANIAN Tim H.HEUPINK Siva swaminathan Carlo BARONI David M.LAMBERT Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology and Evolution University of Auckland Griffith School of Environment and School of Biomolecular and Physical Sciences Griffith UniversityAustralia Environment Protection Training and Research Institute HyderabadIndia Department of Earth Sciences University of PisaPisaItaly

During the summer months,Adélie penguins represent the dominant biomass of terrestrial *** millions of individuals nest in ice-free areas around the coast of the ***,these modern populations of Adélie penguins have often been championed as an ideal biological indicator of ecological and environmental changes that we currently *** addition,Adélie penguins show an extraordinary record of sub-fossil remains,dating back to the late *** this time,temperatures were much lower than ***,this species offers unique long-term information,at both the genomic and ecological levels,about how a species has responded to climate change over more than 40000 years.

关键词： Adélie penguins climate change global warming penguin evolution

Draft genome of the Native American cold hardy grapevine Vitis riparia Michx.‘Manitoba 37’

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Horticulture Research 2020年第1期7卷 1676-1688页

作者： Sagar Patel Michael Robben Anne Fennell Jason P.Londo Dilmini Alahakoon Roberto Villegas-Diaz Padmapriya swaminathan Agronomy Horticulture and Plant Science Department and BioSNTRSouth Dakota State UniversityBrookingsSD 57006USA Grape Genetics Research Unit USDA ARSGenevaNY 14456USA

Vitis riparia,a critically important Native American grapevine species,is used globally in rootstock and scion breeding and contributed to the recovery of the French wine industry during the mid-19th century phylloxera *** species has abiotic and biotic stress tolerance and the largest natural geographic distribution of the North American grapevine *** we report an Illumina short-read 369X coverage,draft de novo heterozygous genome sequence of *** Michx.‘Manitoba 37’with the size of~495 Mb for 69,616 scaffolds and a N50 length of 518,740 *** RNAseq data,40,019 coding sequences were predicted and *** with Universal Single-Copy Orthologs(BUSCO)analysis of predicted gene models found 96%of the complete BUSCOs in this *** assembly continuity and completeness were further validated using *** ESTs,BACs,and three de novo transcriptome assemblies of three different *** genotypes resulting in>98%of respective sequences/transcripts mapping with this *** of the *** assembly and predicted CDS with the latest ***‘PN40024’CDS and genome assembly showed 99%CDS alignment and a high degree of *** analysis of plant transcription factors indicates a high degree of homology with the *** transcription *** mapping to ***‘Manitoba 37’and *** PN40024 has identified genetic relationships to phenotypic variation between *** assembly provides reference sequences,gene models for marker development and understanding ***’s genetic contributions in grape breeding and research.

关键词： continuity globally alignment

Correlation between tear fluid and serum vitamin D levels

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Eye and Vision 2016年第1期3卷 178-182页

作者： swaminathan Sethu Rohit Shetty Kalyani Deshpande Natasha Pahuja Nandini Chinnappaiah Aarti Agarwal Anupam Sharma Arkasubhra Ghosh GROW Research Laboratory Narayana Nethralaya Foundation#258/A Hosur RoadNarayana Health CityBommasandra560099 BangaloreIndia Cornea and Refractive Surgery Division Narayana NethralayaBangaloreIndia

Background:Vitamin D deficiency is associated with a range of systemic diseases including ocular *** objective of this study is to measure tear vitamin D levels and investigate the correlation between serum and tear vitamin D ***:A total of 48 healthy volunteers without any systemic and ocular disease were recruited for this observational cohort *** was collected using clot activator coated Vacutainer®Plus *** fluid was collected using Schirmer’s *** and tear total 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were measured by competitive chemiluminescent ELISA and the correlation between the levels were ***:The measured serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level ranged between 3.3 and 27.5 ng/ml(Mean±SEM,9.4±0.7 ng/ml;Median 8.4 ng/ml).Significantly(p<0.0001)higher level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D was detected in the tears(Mean±SEM,17.0±1.6 ng/ml;Range 3.2–45.8 ng/ml;Median,16.3 ng/ml)compared to *** average of~2 fold(Mean±SEM,1.9±0.2;Range 0.4–5.8;Median,1.7)higher 25-hydroxyvitamin D was observed in tears compared to serum in the *** addition,a positive correlation was observed between serum and tear 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels(r=0.5595;p<0.0001).Conclusions:A higher level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D was observed in the tear fluid compared to that of the *** would be beneficial to consider tear vitamin D levels to study its role with reference to ocular surface diseases.

关键词： Vitamin D 25-hydroxyvitamin D 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D Tears Serum

Design and Testing of Biochar Stoves

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2014年第14期4卷 567-572页

作者： Rajaram swaminathan Hileni Amupolo Department of Mechanical and Marine Engineering Polytechnic of Namibia Windhoek Namibia

Biochar is a solid material obtained from the carbonization of biomass. Biochar is used on agricultural lands as a soil amendment to improve the fertility of the soils. Currently the most common method of producing biochar is through biochar stoves. There are two basic stove operations in the production of biochar. The first type of stove produces biochar by direct combustion of biomass. Here biomass is burnt inside a chamber in an oxygen limited environment. The resulting residue is the bio-char. The second type involves burning the biomass in one chamber and housing the biomass to be charred in the annular portion of an outer chamber. Heat is transferred from the burning fuel on the inner chamber to the material to be charred in the outer chamber. While the process of biochar production in these stoves is known, the basic principles of the stove design are not readily available. The design methodology for both the types was developed from first principles. Prototypes of both types were constructed based on the design developed and tested. The paper lists the basic principles in the design of biochar stoves and the test results.

关键词： Biochar Stove Types Design Principles Test Results

Design and Testing of a Solar Torrefaction Unit to Produce Charcoal

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Journal of Sustainable Bioenergy Systems 2016年第3期6卷 66-71页

作者： Rajaram swaminathan Frans Nelongo Pandeni Nandjembo Department of Mechanical and marine Engineering Namibia University of Science and Technology Windhoek Namibia

With increasing crude oil prices, fuels like kerosene and cooking gas have become unaffordable for many ordinary people in developing countries. For millions of Africans who need heat energy to cook their food, biomass like wood remains the easiest and cheapest source of fuel. Charcoal remains the most popular choice compared to wood since it can cook food much faster with very little smoke. Torrefaction of biomass is a mild form of pyrolysis at temperatures typically between 200℃ and 300℃ to produce charcoal. Torrefaction changes biomass properties to provide a much better fuel quality for combustion applications. A simple parabolic trough solar collector to produce charcoal by torrefaction process using solar energy has been designed from first principles. The device was fabricated and various locally available wood species were tested. The yield was found to be 21% to 35% with a production time of 90 minutes. The paper details the design procedure and the test results.

关键词： Torrefaction Charcoal Production Solar Parabolic Trough Design Testing