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The Management Problem of Miliary Tuberculosis in the Service of Pneumo-Phtisiology at the National References University Teaching Hospital of N’Djamena (Chad): About 103 Cases

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Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2022年第3期10卷 160-169页

作者： Mahamat Ali Bolti Rangar Ngakoutou Abdoulaye Ahmet mad-toingue joseph Dluida Dieudonné Lodoum Mbainadji josephine Toralta Meurde Nemian Lucien Allawaye Koboye Bonté Adjougoulta Yusra Aboulbachar Hamit Mahamat Alio Faculty of Human and Health Sciences and The Renaissance University Teaching Hospital of N’Djamena N’Djamena Chad Faculty of Human and Health Sciences and The National Reference University Teaching Hospital of N’Djamena N’Djamena Chad

Introduction: Miliary tuberculosis (MT) is a rare form of tuberculosis (TB) and it is a major public health problem in our countries with limited resources. Materials and Methods: It is a retrospective and descriptive study that started from 1st January 2018 to 31 December 2020 at the pneumo-phtisiology service of the CHU-RN of N’Djamena., All records of patients aged at least 15 years treated for miliary tuberculosis confirmed by X-ray chest were included in our study. Results: The prevalence of TD was 1.5% (n = 103) of all TB diagnosed in the service. The sex ratio was 1.34. The average age was 37.7 years with extremes ranging from 19 to 80 years. A low social economic level was found in 75.7%. The principal comorbidity found in this study was HIV with the prevalence of (22.3%). The general signs were dominated by deterioration of general condition (96.1%) and fever (91.3%). The main symptoms were cough (85.4%) and dyspnea (52.4%). The radiology of chest found a homogeneous dissemination and symmetrical in both lung fields in 100% of cases. Our study reported that 14 (13.6%) of death cases were found among patients. Conclusion: TM is a severe form of TB;it affects a young population in our context. Mortality remains high with prevalence of 13.6% of cases. Early management would improve the prognosis.

关键词： Miliary Tuberculosis CHU-RN N’Djamena (Chad)

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EVOLUTION AND INTERACTION OFδ-WAVES IN THE ZERO-PRESSURE GAS DYNAMICS SYSTEM

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Acta Mathematica Scientia 2024年第5期44卷 1801-1836页

作者： Abhishek DAS K.T.joseph Centre for Data Science Institute of Technical Education and Research(ITER)Siksha‘O’Anusandhan(Deemed to be University)BhubaneswarOdisha751030India Centre for Applicable Mathematics Tata Institute of Fundamental ResearchSharada NagarBangalore560065KarnatakaIndia

Evolution and interaction of plane waves of the multidimensional zero-pressure gas dynamics system leads to the study of the corresponding one dimensional *** this paper,we study the initial value problem for one dimensional zero-pressure gas dynamics *** the first equation is the Burgers equation and the second one is the continuity *** consider the solution with initial data in the space of bounded Borel *** we prove a general existence result in the algebra of generalized functions of *** we study in detail special solutions withδ-measures as initial *** study interaction of waves originating from initial data concentrated on two point sources and interaction with classical shock/rarefaction *** gives an understanding of plane-wave interactions in the multidimensional *** use the vanishing viscosity method in our analysis as this gives the physical solution.

关键词： zero-pressure gas dynamics delta-waves interaction of waves

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Treatment of Helicobacter pylori with potassium competitive acid blockers:A systematic review and meta-analysis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第9期30卷 1213-1223页

作者： joseph Edwin Kanu Jonathan Soldera Post Graduate Program at Acute Medicine and Gastroenterology University of South WalesCardiff CF371DLUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori(***)infects over half the global population,causing gastrointestinal diseases like dyspepsia,gastritis,duodenitis,peptic ulcers,GMALT lymphoma,and gastric *** *** is crucial for treating and preventing these *** conventional proton pump inhibitor(PPI)-based triple therapy is effective,there’s growing interest in longer acid suppression *** competitive acid blocker(P-CAB)triple and dual therapy are new regimens for *** *** used in Asian populations,vonoprazan(VPZ)has been recently Food and Drug Administration-approved for *** *** To assess the efficacy of regimens containing P-CABs in eradicating *** *** This study,following PRISMA 2020 guidelines,conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis by searching MEDLINE and Scopus libraries for randomized clinical trials(RCTs)or observational studies with the following command:[("Helicobacter pylori"OR"H pylori")AND("Treatment"OR"Therapy"OR"Eradication")AND("Vonaprazan"OR"Potassium-Competitive Acid Blocker"OR"P-CAB"OR"PCAB"OR"Revaprazan"OR"Linaprazan"OR"Soraprazan"OR"Tegoprazan")].Studies comparing the efficacy of P-CABs-based treatment to classical PPIs in eradicating *** were *** criteria included case reports,case series,unpublished trials,or conference *** variables encompassed age,diagnosis method,sample sizes,study duration,intervention and control,and *** eradication method were gathered by two independent ***-analysis was performed in R software,and forest plots were *** A total of 256 references were initially retrieved through the search ***,fifteen studies(7 RCTs,7 retrospective observational studies,and 1 comparative unique study)were included,comparing P-CAB triple therapy to PPI triple *** intention-to-treat analysis involved 8049 patients,with 4471 in the P-CAB intervention g

关键词： Helicobacter pylori infection Potassium competitive acid blockers Proton pump inhibitors Vonoprazan Amoxicillin

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Stability and Time-Step Constraints of Implicit-Explicit Runge-Kutta Methods for the Linearized Korteweg-de Vries Equation

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2024年第1期6卷 658-687页

作者： joseph Hunter Zheng Sun Yulong Xing Department of Mathematics The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH43210USA Department of Mathematics The University of AlabamaTuscaloosaAL35487USA

This paper provides a study on the stability and time-step constraints of solving the linearized Korteweg-de Vries(KdV)equation,using implicit-explicit(IMEX)Runge-Kutta(RK)time integration methods combined with either finite difference(FD)or local discontinuous Galerkin(DG)spatial *** analyze the stability of the fully discrete scheme,on a uniform mesh with periodic boundary conditions,using the Fourier *** the linearized KdV equation,the IMEX schemes are stable under the standard Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy(CFL)conditionτ≤λ***,λis the CFL number,τis the time-step size,and h is the spatial mesh *** study several IMEX schemes and characterize their CFL number as a function ofθ=d/h^(2)with d being the dispersion coefficient,which leads to several interesting *** also investigate the asymptotic behaviors of the CFL number for sufficiently refined meshes and derive the necessary conditions for the asymptotic stability of the IMEX-RK *** numerical experiments are provided in the paper to illustrate the performance of IMEX methods under different time-step constraints.

关键词： Linearized Korteweg-de Vries(KdV)equation Implicit-explicit(IMEX)Runge-Kutta(RK)method Stability Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy(CFL)condition Finite difference(FD)method Local discontinuous Galerkin(DG)method

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Wan-Yee joseph Lau:the promoter of modernization and internationalization of Chinese surgery

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Oncology and Translational Medicine 2024年第1期10卷 1-3页

作者： Wan-Yee joseph Lau Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina

To my knowledge,there have been 3 books[1–3]and 2 book chapters written about me.[4–5]For those who are interested in the details of my life,please refer to these books/book *** title of this article is an English translation of the title of the book I refer to as reference 1,which I find appropriate to describe the role that I play in China.

关键词： please details translation

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Monogenic diabetes in children:An underdiagnosed and poorly managed clinical dilemma

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第6期15卷 1051-1059页

作者： Saptarshi Bhattacharya joseph M Pappachan Department of Endocrinology Indraprastha Apollo HospitalsDelhi 110076India Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustPreston PR29HTUnited Kingdom Faculty of Science Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchester M156BHUnited Kingdom Faculty of Biology Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom

Monogenic diabetes,constituting 1%-2%of global diabetes cases,arises from single gene defects with distinctive inheritance *** over 50 associated genetic disorders,accurate diagnoses and management of monogenic diabetes remain inadequate,underscoring insufficient clinician *** disease spectrum encompasses maturity-onset diabetes of the young(MODY),characterized by distinct genetic mutations affecting insulin secretion,and neonatal diabetes mellitus(NDM)-a heterogeneous group of severe hyperglycemic disorders in *** diabetes,autoimmune monogenic diabetes,genetic insulin resistance and lipodystrophy syndromes further diversify the monogenic diabetes landscape.A tailored approach based on phenotypic and biochemical factors to identify candidates for genetic screening is recommended for suspected cases of *** diagnosis warrants immediate molecular genetic testing for infants under six *** these genetic defects presents a unique opportunity for precision *** research aimed to develop cost-effective genetic testing methods and gene-based therapy can facilitate appropriate identification and optimize clinical *** and study of new genes offer a valuable opportunity to gain deeper insights into pancreatic cell biology and the pathogenic mechanisms underlying common forms of *** clinical review published in the recent issue of World Journal of Diabetes is such an attempt to fill-in our knowledge gap about this enigmatic disease.

关键词： Monogenic diabetes Maturity-onset diabetes of the young Neonatal diabetes Mitochondrial diabetes Insulin resistance syndromes Genetic testing Next generation sequencing

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Visceral Leishmaniasis at the National Reference University Hospital Center of N’Djamena (Chad): Epidemiological, Clinical, Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Prognostic Aspects

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2024年第2期14卷 478-486页

作者： joseph mad-Toïngué Mahamat Ali Ahmat Oumaïma Mahamat Djarma Alifa Adjibera Philippe Ali Mahamat Moussa Ngakoutou Rangar Choua Ouchemi Mahamat Ali Bolti Djiddi Ali Sougoudi Mamissou Didi Mahamat Doungous Atim Service des Maladies Infectieuses CHU de Référence Nationale N’Djamena Chad Service de Gastroentérologie et Médecine Interne CHU de Référence Nationale N’Djamena Chad Service de Pneumologie et Phtisiologie CHU de Référence Nationale N’Djamena Chad Service de Chirurgie viscérale CHU de Référence Nationale N’Djamena Chad Service de Médecine CHU de la Renaissance N’Djamena Chad

Introduction: leishmaniasis is a group of parasitic diseases caused by a parasite of the genus Leishmania transmitted by the bite of an infected vector called a sandfly. There are four forms. Visceral leishmaniasis is the most severe form. The aim of our work is to study the epidemiological, clinical, diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic aspects of the disease in the Infectious Diseases Department of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Référence Nationale in N'Djaména. Methodology: Patients were recruited on the basis of clinical signs suggestive of visceral leishmaniasis, i.e. prolonged fever, splenomegaly and altered general condition. Biological confirmation was performed with a rapid diagnostic test using recombinant K39 parasite antigen, which is known to have good specificity and sensitivity. Epidata version 3.1 software was used to process patient data. Results: From 05/04/21 to 15/12/23, 153 positive cases were managed. The mean age of patients was 18 years, with a sex ratio of 9.2. Of these patients, 103 (67.3%) had recently stayed at gold mining sites. Patients testing positive were treated with sodium stibogluconate combined with paromomycin for 17 days. The mortality rate was 13.2%. Conclusion: Leishmaniasis is a serious and little-known disease in Chad. In order to respond to the disease, it is necessary to reinforce the capacities of health structures and to carry out appropriate actions in the outbreaks.

关键词： Visceral Leishmaniasis Gold Mining Sites Chad

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Periodontitis:An often-neglected complication of diabetes

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第3期15卷 318-325页

作者： Marina G Kudiyirickal joseph M Pappachan Primary Care Dental Practice The Smile ClinicPreston PR16PZUnited Kingdom Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustPreston PR29HTUnited Kingdom Faculty of Science Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchester M156BHUnited Kingdom Faculty of Biology Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom

The bidirectional association between type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and periodontitis is now well established,resulting in periodontal disease being considered as the 6th major complication of diabetes mellitus(DM)after cardiovascular disease,eye disease,neuropathy,nephropathy,and peripheral vascular *** can worsen the virulence and invasiveness of pathogenic oral microbial flora aggravating the local inflammation and infection in those with periodontal *** the other hand,the chemical and immunological mediators released into the circulation as part of periodontal inflammation worsen the systemic insulin resistance with worsening of *** if undiagnosed or left untreated can also result in eventual tooth loss.A study by Xu et al in the World Journal of Diabetes examined the predictive factors associated with periodontitis in Chinese patients with *** prevalence of periodontitis was found to be 75.7%in this *** on logistic regression analysis,the predictive factors for higher risk were low tooth brushing frequency[odds ratio(OR)=4.3],high triglycerides(TG;OR=3.31),high total cholesterol(TC;OR=2.87),higher glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c;OR=2.55),and higher age(OR=1.05)while higher education level was protective(OR=0.53).However,the most influential variables were HbA1c followed by age,TC,TG,low education level,brushing frequency,and sex on the random forest model(this model showed higher sensitivity for predicting the risk).A good understanding of the predictors for periodontitis in T2DM patients is important in prevention,early detection of susceptible patients,and intervention to improve periodontal health and enable long-term glycaemic control as observed by Xu et al.

关键词： Diabetes mellitus Periodontitis Predictive factors Cardiovascular disease Glycaemic control

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Hemodynamic management of congenital diaphragmatic hernia:the role of targeted neonatal echocardiography

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World Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2024年第2期7卷 81-89页

作者： Aimann Surak Linda Mahgoub joseph Y Ting Department of Pediatrics University of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia(CDH)is a major congenital anomaly,resulting from the herniation of abdominal contents into the thoracic cavity,thereby impeding the proper development of the lungs and pulmonary *** severity correlates with a spectrum of pulmonary hypoplasia,pulmonary hypertension(PHT),and cardiac dysfunction,constituting the pathophysiological triad of this complex *** accurate diagnosis and effective management of PHT and cardiac dysfunction is pivotal to optimizing patient *** neonatal echocardiography is instrumental in delivering real-time data crucial for the bespoke,pathophysiology-targeted hemodynamic management of CDH-associated PHT.

关键词： congenital targeted neonatal

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Advances in discovery of novel investigational agents for functional cure of chronic hepatitis B:A comprehensive review of phases II and III therapeutic agents

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第3期16卷 331-343页

作者： Robert Lam joseph K Lim Section of Digestive Diseases Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenCT 06520United States

Chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection affects over 295 million people globally and an estimated 1.6 million people in the United *** is associated with significant morbidity and mortality due to cirrhosis,liver failure,and liver *** therapy with oral nucleos(t)ide analogues is associated with high rates of virologic suppression,which in turn has been associated with a decreased risk of liver ***,current antiviral regimens are limited by concerns with adverse effects,adherence,resistance,long-term treatment,and ongoing risk for liver *** investigational agents are currently in development and are targeted at achieving functional cure with sustained hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)loss and suppression of HBV *** we review key evidence from phases II and III trials defining the efficacy and safety profiles for key investigational agents for functional cure of chronic hepatitis B,including core/capsid inhibitors,entry inhibitors,RNA interference(siRNA/ASO),HBsAg inhibitors,Toll-like receptor agonists,checkpoint inhibitors,and therapeutic vaccines.

关键词： Hepatitis B virus Treatment Clinical trials RNA interference Entry inhibitors Core inhibitors Immunomodulators

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