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Carbon dioxide enrichment affected flower numbers transiently and increased successful post-pollination development stably but without altering final acorn production in mature pedunculate oak (Quercus robur l.)

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第4期35卷 1-12页

作者： Ryan McClory Richard H.Ellis Martin lukac Jo Clark Carolina Mayoral Kris M.Hart Andrew R.G.Plackett A.Rob mackenzie School of Agriculture Policy and DevelopmentUniversity of ReadingAgricultureEarley GateWhiteknights RoadPO Box 237Reading RG66EUUK Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences Czech University of Life Sciences PraguePrague 165000Czechia Future Trees Trust Harwell Innovation CentreBuilding 173Curie AvenueHarwellOxford OX110QGUK Birmingham Institute of Forest Research University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK School of Biosciences University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK School of Geography Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK

Acorn production in oak(Quercus spp.)shows considerable inter-annual variation,known as masting,which provides a natural defence against seed predators but a highly-variable supply of acorns for uses such as in commercial tree planting each *** emissions of greenhouse gases have been very widely reported to influence plant growth and seed or fruit size and quantity via the‘fertilisation effect’that leads to enhanced *** examine if acorn production in mature woodland communities will be affected by further increase in CO_(2),the contents of litter traps from a Free Air Carbon Enrichment(FACE)experiment in deciduous woodland in central England were analysed for numbers of flowers and acorns of pedunculate oak(Quercus robur l.)at different stages of development and their predation levels under ambient and elevated CO_(2) ***-annual variation in acorn numbers was considerable and cyclical between 2015 and 2021,with the greatest numbers of mature acorns in 2015,2017 and 2020 but almost none in *** numbers of flowers,enlarged cups,immature acorns,empty acorn cups,and galls in the litter traps also varied amongst years;comparatively high numbers of enlarged cups were recorded in 2018,suggesting *** at this site is a fruit maturation masting species(i.e.,the extent of abortion of pollinated flowers during acorn development affects mature acorn numbers greatly).Raising the atmospheric CO_(2) concentration by 150μl l^(−1),from early 2017,increased the numbers of immature acorns,and all acorn evidence(empty cups+immature acorns+mature acorns)detected in the litter traps compared to ambient controls by 2021,but did not consistently affect the numbers of flowers,enlarged cups,empty cups,or mature *** number of flowers in the elevated CO_(2) plots’litter traps was greater in 2018 than 2017,one year after CO_(2) enrichment began,whereas numbers declined in ambient *** with CO_(2) also increased the number o

关键词： Quercus robur l. Acorns Masting Pedunculate oak Carbon dioxide

An r-Adaptive Finite Element Method for the Solution of the Two-Dimensional Phase-Field Equations

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Communications in Computational Physics 2006年第5期1卷 805-826页

作者： G.Beckett J.A.mackenzie M.l.Robertson Department of Mathematics University of StrathclydeLivingstone Tower26 Richmond StreetGlasgow G11XHScotland

An adaptive moving mesh method is developed for the numerical solution of two-dimensional phase change problems modelled by the phase-field *** numerical algorithm is relatively simple and is shown to be more efficient than fixed grid *** phase-field equations are discretised by a Galerkin finite element *** adaptivity criterion is used that ensures that the mesh spacing at the phase front scales with the diffuse interface thickness.

关键词： Phase change phase-field equidistribution moving meshes adaptive method

Towards a precision psychiatry approach to anxiety disorders with ecological momentary assessment:the example of panic disorder

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General Psychiatry 2020年第1期33卷 23-29页

作者： Donald J Robinaugh mackenzie l Brown Olivia M losiewicz Payton J Jones luana Marques Amanda W Baker Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA Department of Psychiatry Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA Department of Psychology Harvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA

Background Treatments for anxiety disorders are among the most effective in ***,there is considerable room for *** In this paper,we discuss the value of ecological momentary assessment as a research method and clinical *** We begin by describing ecological momentary assessment and its advantages,including the ability to collect ecologically valid information about mental disorders,in real time,in individual *** then illustrate the value of this approach for anxiety disorder treatment using two patients with panic disorder who completed ecological momentary assessments for 2 weeks before and after a cognitive-behavioural therapy *** focus especially on two key pieces of information provided by ecological momentary assessment data:information about symptom dynamics and information about the relationships among symptoms as they unfold overtime within individual *** Although considerable work is needed to further develop this methodology in the context of anxiety disorder treatment,we believe that these pieces of information may ultimately inform our understanding of how anxiety disorder treatments have their effect and how those treatments can be tailored to individual patients.

关键词： disorders moment treatment

Update on mesenchymal stem cell therapies for cartilage disorders

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2017年第12期8卷 853-860页

作者： Nikolaos K Paschos mackenzie l Sennett Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Division of Sports MedicineBoston Children’s HospitalHarvard Medical School Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Pennsylvania

Cartilage disorders, including focal cartilage lesions, are among the most common clinical problems in orthopedic practice. left untreated, large focal lesions may result in progression to osteoarthritis, with tremendous impact on the quality of life of affected individuals. Current management strategies have shown only a modest degree of success, while several upcoming interventions signify better outcomes in the future. Among these, stem cell therapies have been suggested as a promising new era for cartilage disorders. Certain characteristics of the stem cells, such as their potential to differentiate but also to support healing made them a fruitful candidate for lesions in cartilage, a tissue with poor healing capacity. The aim of this editorial is to provide an update on the recent advancements in the field of stem cell therapy for the management of focal cartilage defects. Our goal is to present recent basic science advances and to present the potential of the use of stem cells in novel clinical interventions towards enhancement of the treatment armamentarium for cartilage lesions. Furthermore, we highlight some thoughts for the future of cartilage regeneration and repair and to explore future perspectives for the next steps in the field.

关键词： Stem cell Cartilage Chondral defect Management Bone marrow Mesenchymal stem cells Adipose

Mycorrhizal Fungi Spore Abundance in Old-Growth Forest Soil

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2023年第12期13卷 534-546页

作者： Catherine mackenzie Holland Jessique l. Haeft Department of Natural Resources & Environmental Managment Ball State University Muncie Indiana USA

Soil samples were collected from the base of Aplectrum hymale individuals to assess mycorrhizal spores abundance. The hypothesis that mycorrhizal spore abundance would increase with proximity to the plant was not supp... 详细信息

关键词： Mycorrhizal Fungi Glomus Spore Abundance Aplectrum hymale Orchid

Sensorized tissue analogues enabled by a 3D-printed conductive organogel

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npj Flexible Electronics 2021年第1期5卷 51-58页

作者： Michael R.Crump Sophia l.Bidinger Felippe J.Pavinatto Alex T.Gong Robert M.Sweet Devin mackenzie Department of Materials Science&Engineering University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA Center for Research in Education and Simulation Technologies University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA Department of Surgery University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA Department of Mechanical Engineering University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA

State-of-the-art tissue analogues used in high-fidelity,hands-on medical simulation modules can deliver lifelike appearance and feel but lack the capability to provide quantified,real-time assessment of practitioner *** monolithic fabrication of hybrid printed/textile piezoresistive strain sensors in a realistic Y/V plasty suture training pad is demonstrated.A class of 3D-printable organogels comprised of inexpensive and nonhazardous feedstocks is used as the sensing medium,and conductive composite threads are used as the *** organogels are comprised of a glycol-based deep-eutectic solvent(DES)serving as the ionic conductor and 3-trimethoxysilylmethacrylate-capped fumed silica particles serving as the gelating *** measurements reveal the influence of fumed silica particle capping group on the mixture *** strain sensors demonstrate a maximum strain amplitude of 300%,negligible signal drift,a monotonic sensor response,a low degree of hysteresis,and excellent cyclic *** increased contact resistance of the conductive thread electrodes used in place of wire electrodes do not make a significant impact on sensor *** work showcases the potential of these organogels utilized in sensorized tissue analogues and freestanding strain sensors for widespread applications in medical simulation and education.

关键词： stability analogues conductive

Assessing vulnerability to panic:a systematic review of psychological and physiological responses to biological challenges as prospective predictors of panic attacks and panic disorder

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General Psychiatry 2019年第6期32卷 297-303页

作者： Donald J Robinaugh Meredith J Ward Emma R Toner mackenzie l Brown Olivia M losiewicz Eric Bui Scott P Orr Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA Department of Psychiatry Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA

Background Cognitive-behavioural theories of panic disorder posit that panic attacks arise from a positive feedback loop between arousal-related bodily sensations and perceived *** a recently develope computational model formalising these theories of pani attacks,it was observed that the response to a simulate perturbation to arousal provided a strong indicator of vulnerability to panic attacks and panic *** this/review,we evaluate whether this observation is borne o in the empirical literature that has examined responses biological challenge(eg,C02 inhalation)and their relatio to subsequent panic attacks and panic *** We searched PubMed,Web of Science and PsycINFO using keywords denoting provocation agents(eg,sodium lactate)and procedures(eg,infusion)combined with keywords relevant to panic disorder(eg,panic).Articles were eligible if they used response to a biologic challenge paradigm to prospectively predict panic attac or panic *** We identified four eligible *** effect sizes suggest that there is biological challenge response a moderate prospective association with subsequent pani attacks,but no prospective relationship with panic disorde Conclusions These findings provide support for the prediction derived from cognitive-behavioural theories an some preliminary evidence that response to a biological challenge may have clinical utility as a marker of vulnerab to panic attacks pending further research and developme Trial registration number 135908.

关键词： behaviour subsequent sizes

The burden of mental health in lymphatic filariasis

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2015年第1期4卷 275-282页

作者： Thanh G.N.Ton Charles mackenzie David H.Molyneux Precision Health Economics 55512 th AvenueSuite 1650OaklandCA 94607USA Filariasis Programmes Support Unit Department of ParasitologyLiverpool School of Tropical MedicinePembroke PlaceLiverpool L35QAUK lSTM NTDs Department of ParasitologyLiverpool School of Tropical MedicinePembroke PlaceLiverpool L35QAUK

Background:Neglected Tropical Diseases(NTDs)afflict around one billion individuals in the poorest parts of the world with many more at *** filariasis is one of the most prevalent of the infections and causes significant morbidity in those who suffer the clinical conditions,particularly lymphedema and *** illness has been recognised as a prevalent disability in those with the disease because of the stigmatising nature of the *** estimates of the burden of depressive illness of any neglected tropical disease have been undertaken to date despite the recognition that such diseases have major consequences for mental health not only for patients but also their ***:We developed a mathematical model to calculate the burden of Disability-Adjusted life Years(DAlY)attributable to depressive illness in lymphatic filariasis and that of their caregivers using standard methods for calculating *** of numbers with clinical disease was based on published estimates in 2012 and the numbers with depressive illness from the available ***:We calculated that the burden of depressive illness in filariasis patients was 5.09 million disability-adjusted life years(DAlYs)and 229,537 DAlYs attributable to their *** figures are around twice that of 2.78 million DAlYs attributed to filariasis by the Global Burden of Disease study of ***:lymphatic filariasis and other neglected tropical diseases,notably Buruli Ulcer,cutaneous leishmaniasis,leprosy,yaws,onchocerciasis and trachoma cause significant co morbidity associated with mental illness in *** to assess the prevalence of the burden of this co-morbidity should be incorporated into any future assessment of the Global Burden of neglected tropical *** prevalence of depressive illness in caregivers who support those who suffer from these conditions is *** assessments are critical for neglected tropical diseases whi

关键词： lymphatic filariasis Mental health Global burden of disease DAlYS Filariasis morbidity Caregivers

High school sports programs differentially impact participation by sex

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2015年第3期4卷 282-288页

作者： Keith M. Drake Meghan R. longacre Todd mackenzie linda J. Titus Michael l. Beach Andrew G. Rundle Madeline A. Dalton Hood Center for Children and Families Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth Lebanon NH 03756 USA Department of Pediatrics Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth Lebanon NH 03756 USA Department of Community and Family Medicine Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth Lebanon NH 03756 USA Department of Medicine Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center Lebanon NH 03756 USA Department of Anesthesiology Dartmouth--Hitcheock Medical Center Lebanon NH 03756 USA Department of Epidemiology Mailman School of Public Health Columbia University New York NY 10032 USA

Background： Among numerous health benefits, sports participation has been shown to reduce the risk of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents. Schools represent an ideal environment for increasing sports participation, but it is unclear how access and choice influence participation and whether characteristics of the school sports program differentially influence boys＇ and girls＇ participation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of high school athletic programs and determine the extent to which these characteristics influenced boys＇ and girls＇ sports team participation. Methods： longitudinal telephone surveys were conducted with 1244 New Hampshire and Vermont students. Students self-reported their sports team participation at baseline （elementary school） and follow-up （high school）. High school personnel were surveyed to assess sports oppor- tunities, which were defined for this analysis as the number of sports offered per 100 students （i.e., choice） and the percent of sports offered that did not restrict the number of players （i.e., access）. Results： Approximately 70% of children participated on at least one sports team, including 73% of boys and 66% of girls. We detected sta- tistically significant interactions between sex and two school opportunity variables： 1） the number of sports offered per 100 students （i.e., choice） and 2） the percent of sports offered that did not restrict the number of players （i.e., access）. After controlling for children＇s baseline sports participation and other covariates, boys were more likely to play on at least one sports team per year if their school did not restrict participation in the most popular sports （relative risk, RR = 1.12, p 〈 0.01）; in contrast, girls were more likely to play on at least one sports team per year if their school offered a wider variety of sports （RR = 1.47, p 〈 0.001）. Conclusion： Sports participation has previously been shown to confer a number of health benefits; as

关键词： Adolescents Gender equity High school students School athletic programs Sex differences Sports participation