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Regulator of G protein signaling 6 mediates exercise-induced recovery of hippocampal neurogenesis,learning,and memory in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第10期20卷 2969-2981页

作者： mackenzie m.spicer Jianqi Yang Daniel Fu Alison N.DeVore marisol Lauffer Nilufer S.Atasoy Deniz Atasoy Rory A.Fisher Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology University of Iowa Carver College of MedicineIowa CityIAUSA Iowa Neuroscience Institute University of Iowa Carver College of MedicineIowa CityIAUSA Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in molecular medicine University of Iowa Carver College of MedicineIowa CityIAUSA Neural Circuits and Behavior Core University of Iowa Carver College of MedicineIowa CityIAUSA

Hippocampal neuronal loss causes cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer’s *** hippocampal neurogenesis is reduced in patients with Alzheimer’s *** stimulates adult hippocampal neurogenesis in rodents and improves memory and slows cognitive decline in patients with Alzheimer’s ***,the molecular pathways for exercise-induced adult hippocampal neurogenesis and improved cognition in Alzheimer’s disease are poorly ***,regulator of G protein signaling 6(RGS6)was identified as the mediator of voluntary running-induced adult hippocampal neurogenesis in ***,we generated novel RGS6fl/fl;APP_(SWE) mice and used retroviral approaches to examine the impact of RGS6 deletion from dentate gyrus neuronal progenitor cells on voluntary running-induced adult hippocampal neurogenesis and cognition in an amyloid-based Alzheimer’s disease mouse *** found that voluntary running in APP_(SWE) mice restored their hippocampal cognitive impairments to that of control *** cognitive rescue was abolished by RGS6 deletion in dentate gyrus neuronal progenitor cells,which also abolished running-mediated increases in adult hippocampal *** hippocampal neurogenesis was reduced in sedentary APP_(SWE) mice versus control mice,with basal adult hippocampal neurogenesis reduced by RGS6 deletion in dentate gyrus neural precursor ***6 was expressed in neurons within the dentate gyrus of patients with Alzheimer’s disease with significant loss of these RGS6-expressing ***,RGS6 mediated voluntary running-induced rescue of impaired cognition and adult hippocampal neurogenesis in APP_(SWE) mice,identifying RGS6 in dentate gyrus neural precursor cells as a possible therapeutic target in Alzheimer’s disease.

关键词： adult hippocampal neurogenesis Alzheimer’s disease dentate gyrus exercise learning/memory neural precursor cells regulator of G protein signaling 6(RGS6)

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Cenozoic topography,monsoons and biodiversity conservation within the Tibetan Region:An evolving story

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Plant Diversity 2020年第4期42卷 229-254页

作者： Robert A.spicer Alexander Farnsworth Tao Su CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesXishuangbanna 666303China School of Environmental Earth and Ecosystem SciencesThe Open UniversityWalton HallMilton KeynesMK76AAUK School of Geographical Sciences University of BristolBristolBS81SSUK

The biodiversity of the Himalaya,Hengduan mountains and Tibet,here collectively termed the Tibetan Region,is exceptional in a global *** contextualize and understand the origins of this biotic richness,and its conservation value,we examine recent fossil finds and review progress in understanding the orogeny of the Tibetan *** examine the deep-time origins of monsoons affecting Asia,climate variation over different timescales,and the establishment of environmental niche heterogeneity linked to topographic *** origins of the modern biodiversity were established in the Eocene,concurrent with the formation of pronounced topographic relief across the Tibetan ***(>4 km)mountains to the north and south of what is now the Tibetan Plateau bounded a Paleogene central lowland(m)hosting moist subtropical vegetation influenced by an intensifying *** mid miocene times,before the Himalaya reached their current elevation,sediment infilling and compressional tectonics raised the floor of the central valley to above 3000 m,but central Tibet was still moist enough,and low enough,to host a warm temperate angiosperm-dominated *** 15 ma,global cooling,the further rise of central Tibet,and the rain shadow cast by the growing Himalaya,progressively led to more open,herb-rich vegetation as the modern high plateau formed with its cool,dry *** the moist monsoonal Hengduan mountains,high and spatially extensive since the Eocene but subsequently deeply dissected by river incision,Neogene cooling depressed the tree line,compressed altitudinal zonation,and created strong environmental *** served as a cradle for the then newly-evolving alpine biota and favoured diversity within more thermophilic vegetation at lower *** diversity has survived through a combination of minimal Quaternary glaciation,and complex relief-related environmental niche *** great antiquity and diversity of the Tibetan Regi

关键词： Tibet Himalaya Hengduan mountains Landscape Fossils Conservation

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Palaeoclimate background of the diverse Eocene floras of South China

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Science Bulletin 2017年第22期62卷 1501-1503页

作者： Jian-Hua Jin Alexei B. Herman Robert A. spicer Tatiana m. Kodrul State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources School of Life SciencesSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China Geological Institute Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow 119017Russia School of Environment Earth and Ecosystem SciencesThe Open UniversityMilton Keynes MK7 6AAUK

Hainan and Guangdong provinces,located in north tropical area and south subtropical area of China respectively,bear one of the highest levels of biodiversity in *** modern floras of Hainan and Guangdong are dominated by pantropical and tropical-subtropical taxa and many of their representative families appeared as early as in the Eocene[1].The Eocene,therefore,represents a crucial stage in the formation of the extant ***,previously the Eocene floras and vegetation were largely studied in mid-

关键词： Palaeoclimate background of the diverse Eocene floras of South China

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Coryphoid palms from the K-Pg boundary of central India and their biogeographical implications:Evidence from megafossil remains

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Plant Diversity 2023年第1期45卷 80-97页

作者： Sanchita Kumar Taposhi Hazra Robert A.spicer manoshi Hazra Teresa E.V.spicer Subir Bera mahasin Ali Khan Palaeobotany and Palynology Laboratory Department of BotanySidho-Kanho-Birsha UniversityRanchi RoadPurulia 723104India CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMengla 666303PR China School of Environment Earth and Ecosystem SciencesThe Open UniversityMilton Keynes MK76AAUK Centre of Advanced Study Department of BotanyUniversity of Calcutta35B.C.RoadKolkata 700019India

Ten palm leaf impressions are documented from the latest maastrichtian(late Cretaceous) to early Danian(earliest Paleocene) sediments(K-Pg,c.66-64 ma) of the mandla Lobe of the Deccan Intertrappean Beds,madhya Pradesh,central *** palmate leaf shape along with a definite wellpreserved costa support their placement in the subfamily Coryphoideae of the family *** place all recovered palm leaf specimens in the fossil genus Sabalites,report seven species of coryphoid palms and describe two new species namely,Sabalities umariaensis *** Sabalites ghughuaensis *** fossils indicate that coryphoid palms were highly diverse in central India by the latest *** and earlier reported coryphoid palm fossils from the same locality indicate that they experienced a warm and humid tropical environment during the time of *** discoveries confirm the presence of a diversity of Coryphoideae in Gondwana prior to the India-Eurasia collision and provide information about coryphoid biogeographical history over geological *** on megafossil remains,we trace coryphoid palm migration pathways from India to mainland Southeast(SE) Asia and other parts of Asia after the docking of the Indian subcontinent with Eurasia early in the Paleogene.

关键词： Coryphoideae Leaf fossils Late cretaceous-early paleocene Paleobiogeography Paleoclimate madhya Pradesh

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Spectral contrast optical coherence tomography angiography enables single-scan vessel imaging

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Light(Science & Applications) 2019年第1期8卷 1108-1116页

作者： James A.Winkelmann Aya Eid Graham.spicer Luay m.Almassalha The-Quyen Nguyen Vadim Backman Department of Biomedical Engineering Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIL 60208USA Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIL 60208USA

Optical coherence tomography angiography relies on motion for contrast and requires at least two data acquisitions per pointwise scanning *** present a method termed spectral contrast optical coherence tomography angiography using visible light that relies on the spectral signatures of blood for angiography from a single scan using endogenous *** demonstrate the molecular sensitivity of this method,which enables lymphatic vessel,blood,and tissue discrimination.

关键词： enable signature spectral

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Earliest megafossils of scandent calamoid palms from the Deccan Intertrappean Beds of Central India and their paleobiogeographic implications

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2024年第3期13卷 509-527页

作者： Sanchita Kumar Kaustav Roy Robert A.spicer mahasin Ali Khan Palaeobotany and Palynology Laboratory Department of BotanySidho-Kanho-Birsha UniversityRanchi RoadPurulia-723104India CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMengla 666303Yunnan ProvinceChina School of Environment Earth and Ecosystem SciencesThe Open UniversityMilton KeynesMK76AAUK State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Resources and Environment(TPESRE)Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Two well-preserved petrified palm stems from the latest maastrichtian(Late Cretaceous) to earliest Danian(Early Paleocene) sediments of the Deccan Intertrappean Beds of madhya Pradesh, Central India are described. Their significant anatomical characteristics include a Calamus-type general stem pattern,the presence of well-preserved fibrovascular bundles(fvbs) with two wide metaxylem vessel elements(230 μm-250 μm) and one phloem strand, uniform density of fvbs, lack of continuity between protoxylem and metaxylem vessel elements, and an absence of centrifugal differentiation of sclerenchymatous fibrous *** features reveal a close resemblance to those of extant genera of scandent Calamoideae. The permineralized stems are described as a new species namely, Palmoxylon calamoides Kumar, Roy et Khan sp. *** fossils represent the oldest reliable fossil records of this family, supporting their Gondwanan origin, their importance in tracing their migration pathways from India to Europe and other continents after the docking of the Indian subcontinent with Eurasia during the Paleocene, and an “Out-of-India” dispersal hypothesis. Today the subfamily Calamoideae is disjunctly occurred in Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, and South America, but the poor deep-time fossil record of this subfamily with a small number of Cenozoic fossils makes hypotheses concerning its origin and dispersal difficult to evaluate. The present study has significant implications for the origin and migration of this subfamily and the paleoclimate.

关键词： Scandent Calamoideae Stem anatomy K-Pg Paleobiogeography Paleoclimate Central India

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Robust identification of regulatory variants(eQTLs)using a differential expression framework developed for RNA‑sequencing

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2023年第5期14卷 1869-1879页

作者： mackenzie A.marrella Fernando H.Biase School of Animal Sciences Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityBlacksburgVAUSA

Background A gap currently exists between genetic variants and the underlying cell and tissue biology of a trait,and expression quantitative trait loci(eQTL)studies provide important information to help close that ***,two concerns that arise with eQTL analyses using RNA-sequencing data are normalization of data across samples and the data not following a normal *** pipelines have been suggested to address *** instance,the most recent analysis of the human and farm Genotype-Tissue Expression(GTEx)project proposes using trimmed means of m-values(Tmm)to normalize the data followed by an inverse normal *** In this study,we reasoned that eQTL analysis could be carried out using the same framework used for dif-ferential gene expression(DGE),which uses a negative binomial model,a statistical test feasible for count *** the GTEx framework,we identified 35 significant eQTLs(Pmodel and 39 significant eQTLs(Pmework,we identified 930 and six significant eQTLs(Pmework equivalent to the ANOVA and additive model,*** we compared the two approaches,there was no overlap of significant eQTLs between the two *** we defined specific contrasts,we identified trans eQTLs that more closely resembled what we expect from genetic variants showing complete dominance between ***,these were not identified by the GTEx *** Our results show that transforming RNA-sequencing data to fit a normal distribution prior to eQTL analysis is not required when the DGE framework is *** proposed approach detected biologically relevant variants that otherwise would not have been identified due to data transformation to fit a normal distribution.

关键词： Differential gene expression eQTL analysis Gene expression RNA-sequencing Single nucleotide polymorphism

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Effects of Aronia polyphenols on the physico-chemical properties of whey,soy,and pea protein isolate dispersions

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Food Production, Processing and Nutrition 2021年第1期3卷 391-405页

作者： mackenzie m.Hansen Richard W.Hartel Yrjö H.Roos Food Technology School of Food and Nutritional SciencesUniversity College CorkCorkIreland Department of Food Science College of Agricultural and Life SciencesUniversity of WisconsinOffice A11Babcock Hall1605 Linden DriveMadisonWI 53706USA

Bioactive compounds including polyphenols(PP)have been observed to naturally form non-covalent complexation interactions with proteins under mild pH and temperature conditions,affecting protein structures and ***,addition of Aronia berry PP to liquid dispersions containing whey protein isolate(WPI)and sucrose was found to alter characteristics including viscosity,surface tension,and particle sizes,with changes being attributed to protein-PP *** this study we aimed to investigate whether Aronia PP would interact with soy and pea protein isolates(SPI and PPI,respectively)to a similar extent as with WPI in liquid protein-sucrose-PP *** hypothesized that formulations containing PPI(comprised of larger proteins)and hydrolyzed SPI(containing more carboxyl groups)may exhibit increased viscosities and decreased aggregate sizes due to enhanced protein-PP *** liquid dispersions of varied ratios of protein to sucrose contents,containing different protein isolates(WPI,SPI,and PPI),and varied Aronia PP concentrations were formulated,and physical properties were evaluated to elucidate the effects of PP *** addition altered physical characteristics differently depending on the protein isolate used,with changes attributed to protein-PP *** and PPI appeared to have higher propensities for PP interactions and exhibited more extensive shifts in physical properties than WPI *** findings may be useful for practical applications such as formulating products containing fruit and proteins to obtain desirable sensory attributes.

关键词： Whey protein Soy protein Pea protein Polyphenols Concentrated dispersions Physico-chemical properties

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Bioactives and extracts affect the physico-chemical properties of concentrated whey protein isolate dispersions

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Food Production, Processing and Nutrition 2022年第1期4卷 25-40页

作者： mackenzie m.Hansen Richard W.Hartel YrjöH.Roos Food Technology School of Food and Nutritional SciencesUniversity College CorkCorkIreland Department of Food Science College of Agricultural and Life SciencesUniversity of WisconsinOffice A11Babcock Hall1605 Linden DriveMadisonWI53706USA

Non-covalent complexation interactions are known to occur between bioactive compounds and proteins. While formulating with these components can have positive outcomes such as stabilization of colors and actives, it can also result in changes to the structures and physical properties of proteins, affecting product functionality and sensory attributes. Previous experiments reported measurable changes in the physico-chemical properties of whey protein isolate (WPI) dispersions upon formulation with Aronia berry extract, ascribing changes to protein-polyphenol (PP) interactions in the systems. Pure gallotannin, beet extract, and cranberry extract, providing a diverse variety structures and sizes, were selected for further experimentation and comparison with the effects of Aronia extract. Concentrated dispersions with varying WPI:sucrose ratios, formulated with several bioactives contents from multiple different sources were analyzed to identify the effects of different bioactives on physico-chemical properties of dispersions. Dispersions formulated with cranberry extract demonstrated the largest increases in surface tensions, viscosities, and particle sizes, while those formulated with beet extract were the least affected by the presence of bioactives, suggesting that different bioactives and extracts had varying propensities for complexation interactions with WPI, despite their relatively low levels of addition (0, 0.5, and 1%).

关键词： Whey protein Concentrated dispersions Polyphenols Extracts Physico-chemical properties

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An r-Adaptive Finite Element method for the Solution of the Two-Dimensional Phase-Field Equations

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Communications in Computational Physics 2006年第5期1卷 805-826页

作者： G.Beckett J.A.mackenzie m.L.Robertson Department of mathematics University of StrathclydeLivingstone Tower26 Richmond StreetGlasgow G11XHScotland

An adaptive moving mesh method is developed for the numerical solution of two-dimensional phase change problems modelled by the phase-field *** numerical algorithm is relatively simple and is shown to be more efficient than fixed grid *** phase-field equations are discretised by a Galerkin finite element *** adaptivity criterion is used that ensures that the mesh spacing at the phase front scales with the diffuse interface thickness.

关键词： Phase change phase-field equidistribution moving meshes adaptive method

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