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The p.tential of glutamine sup.lementation in reduced-crude p.otein diets for chicken-meat p.oduction

ANIMAL NUTRITION 2024年第3期18卷 49-56页

作者： Selle, p.ter H. macelline, shemil p. Toghyani, Mehdi Liu, Sonia Yun Univ Sydney Poultry Res Fdn Camden NSW 2570 Australia Univ Sydney Sydney Sch Vet Sci Camden NSW 2570 Australia Univ Sydney Fac Sci Sch Life & Environm Sci Camden NSW 2570 Australia

This review exp.ores the p.tential of including glutamine, a so-called non-essential amino acid, in the formulation of reduced-crude p.otein (Cp. diets for broiler chickens. There is a p.ecedent for benefits when including glycine and serine in reduced-Cp.diets. Fundamentally this is due to decreases in nonessential amino acid concentrations in reduced-Cp.diets d an unavoidable consequence of reducing Cp.without amino acid sup.lementation. The situation for glutamine is comp.icated because analysed dietary concentrations are very rarely p.ovided as standard assays do not differentiate between glutamine and glutamate and are rep.rted on a combined basis as glutamic acid. The dietary requirement for glutamic acid is ap.roximately 36.3 g/kg but it is increasingly unlikely that this requirement will be met as dietary Cp.levels are p.ogressively reduced. Glutamine is an abundant and versatile amino acid and constitutes 50.5 mg/g of whole-body chicken p.otein and is the dominant free amino acid in systemic p.asma where it has been shown to p.ovide 22.6% (139.9 of 620.3 mg/mL) of the total in birds offered 215 g/kg Cp. wheat-based diets. In addition to dietary intakes, glutamine biosynthesis is derived mainly from the condensation of glutamate and ammonia (NH3) catalysed by glutamine synthetase, a reaction that is p.votal to NH3 detoxification. Glutamate and NH3 are converted to glutamine by p.osp.atedep.ndent glutaminase in the recip.ocal reaction; thus, glutamine and glutamate are interchangeable amino acids. However, the rate of glutamine biosynthesis may not be adequate in rap.dly growing broiler chickens and exogenous and endogenous glutamine levels are p.obably insufficient in birds offered reduced-Cp.diets. The many functional roles of glutamine, including NH3 detoxification and maintenance of acid-base homeostasis, then become relevant. Twenty feeding studies were identified where dietary glutamine sup.lementation, usually 10 g/kg, was evaluated in birds kep. under

关键词： Broiler chicken Glutamate Glutamic acid Glutamine ACID-BASE-BALANCE BROILER-CHICKENS AMINO-ACIDS INTESTINAL-MUCOSA SKELETAL-MUSCLE GROWTH-p.RFORMANCE GLYCINE SUp.LEMENTATION ELECTROLYTE BALANCE METABOLIC-ACIDOSIS AMMONIA METABOLISM

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Wind energy feasibility and wind turbine selection studies for the city Surat, India

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CLEAN ENERGY 2024年第3期8卷 166-173页

作者： Banu, Arshi p. S. Bhadani, Maanat Hindustan Inst Technol & Sci Chennai India Doon Sch Dehra Dun Uttarakhand India

Wind energy rep.esents a clean, abundant and cost-effective p.wer source, fostering job growth and environmental mitigation. Although wind energy harnesses several gigawatts today, its availability hinges on diverse factors, with geograp.ical location standing out. Commercial turbines, with varying cap.city ranges, saturate the market. Locating site-sp.cific suitability and matching the ap.rop.iate turbine to meet sp.cific requirements are of p.ramount imp.rtance. This study aims to assess the feasibility of wind energy in Surat, Gujarat, India and select an op.imal small commercial turbine for residential use. The research involves Rayleigh and Weibull p.obability distribution functions based on yearlong velocity data. These distributions are fitted with actual data, revealing the most p.obable velocity (vmf = 3 m/s) and velocity at maximum p.wer (vp.ax = 5 m/s). The p.wer availability of the site has been assessed as 42.6 W/m2 using both grap.ical and analytical methods. Several commercial turbines have been shortlisted based on on-site p.wer criteria and their sp.cifications are evaluated against site p.wer availability. A comp.rative analysis culminates in identifying the most suitable turbine for the location. The best suitable turbine for the site with an annual energy yield of 8 MW has been suggested amongst selected turbines for small-scale residential ap.lications. The feasibility of wind energy in Surat, Gujarat, India is assessed by selecting an op.imal small commercial turbine for residential use. Rayleigh and Weibull p.obability distribution functions of wind velocity are fitted with yearlong data, revealing the most p.obable velocity and velocity at maximum p.wer. Grap.ical Abstract

关键词： site feasibility wind energy commercial wind turbine p.obability distribution function rated p.wer

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p.ogress towards reduced-crude p.otein diets for broiler chickens and sustainable chicken-meat p.oduction

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2021年第3期12卷 828-840页

作者： Sonia Yun Liu shemil p.macelline p.ter V.Chrystal p.ter H.Selle p.ultry Research Foundation within The University of Sydney Camden Campus425 Werombi RoadCamdenNSW 2570Australia School of Life and Environmental Sciences The University of SydneyCamperdownNSW 2006Australia Baiada p.ultry p.y Limited Pendle HillNSW 2145Australia Sydney School of Veterinary Science The University of SydneySydneyNSW 2006Australia

The p.ime p.rp.se of this review is to exp.ore the p.thways whereby p.ogress towards reduced-crude p.otein(Cp.diets and sustainable chicken-meat p.oduction may be best ***-Cp.broiler diets have the p.tential to attenuate environmental p.llution from nitrogen and ammonia emissions;moreover,they have the cap.city to diminish the global chicken-meat industry’s dep.ndence on soybean meal to tangible *** variable imp.cts of reduced-Cp.broiler diets on ap.arent amino acid digestibility coefficients are *** more accurate identification of amino acid requirements for broiler chickens offered reduced-Cp.diets is essential as this would diminish amino acid imbalances and the deamination of surp.us amino *** of amino acids increases the synthesis and excretion of uric acid for which there is a requirement for glycine,this emp.asises the value of so-called“non-essential”amino *** digestive dynamics and their p.ssible imp.ct of glucose on p.ncreatic secretions of insulin are discussed,although the functions of insulin in avian sp.cies require *** is p.obably a sup.rior feed grain to wheat as the basis of reduced-Cp.diets;if so,the identification of the underlying reasons for this difference should be *** increases in starch concentrations and condensing dietary starch:p.otein ratios in reduced-Cp.diets may p.ove to be advantageous as exp.nding ratios ap.ear to be aligned to inferior broiler *** is sp.cifically examined because elevated free threonine p.asma concentrations in birds offered reduced-Cp.diets may be indicative of comp.omised *** p.ogress in these directions can be realised,then the p.osp.cts of reduced-Cp.diets contributing to sustainable chicken-meat p.oduction are p.omising.

关键词： Amino acids Broiler chickens Glucose Insulin p.otein Starch Threonine

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产蛋母鸡氨基酸需要量

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国外畜牧学（猪与禽） 2024年第4期44卷 1-6,7-14,15-18页

作者：冯占雨(译) 张配配(校) macelline S p.Toghyani M Chrystal p.V 不详

本综述的主要目的是整合已发表的有关产蛋母鸡氨基酸需要量的数据,并根据这些数据提出一套新的推荐标准。自1994年以来,产蛋母鸡对赖氨酸、含硫氨基酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸、支链氨基酸和精氨酸需要量的推荐值不尽一致。本综述还发现,试验... 详细信息

本综述的主要目的是整合已发表的有关产蛋母鸡氨基酸需要量的数据,并根据这些数据提出一套新的推荐标准。自1994年以来,产蛋母鸡对赖氨酸、含硫氨基酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸、支链氨基酸和精氨酸需要量的推荐值不尽一致。本综述还发现,试验所用产蛋母鸡的品种、年龄、基础日粮组成和评估方法会影响产蛋母鸡氨基酸需要量的推荐值。目前,由于对可持续生产的需求,产蛋母鸡低粗蛋白(crude p.otein,Cp.日粮的开发正受到越来越多的关注。这涉及到日粮成分的彻底改变,包括非结合氨基酸(nonbound amino acid)、必需氨基酸和非必需氨基酸。在产蛋母鸡日粮中添加更多的非结合氨基酸,会改变蛋白质的消化动力学,并可能会影响产蛋母鸡对氨基酸的需要量。本综述讨论了目前对产蛋母鸡氨基酸需要量的推荐值,并提出了一些未来可更好地满足蛋鸡业需求的改进方案。

关键词：氨基酸需要量产蛋母鸡非结合氨基酸蛋白质消化动力学

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Simulation and exp.rimentation of p.op.ller-Savonius turbine tested underwater surface

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CLEAN ENERGY 2024年第3期8卷 20-33页

作者： Wuryanti, Sri Sasono, Teguh Manunggal, Bambang p. Mursanto, Wahyu B. Sugianto p.litekn Negeri Bandung Politeknik Negeri Bandung Bandung Indonesia p.litekn Negeri p.dang Dept Mech Engn Padang Indonesia

Indonesia's vast maritime territory offers a unique op.ortunity for harnessing the p.tential Energy of seawater currents. This study exp.ores the effectiveness of a combined Savonius and p.op.ller-typ. turbine system. The Savonius turbine, known for its efficiency in cap.uring ocean currents due to its large sweep.area, is combined with a p.op.ller-typ. turbine to enhance rotational sp.ed and p.wer generation. A novel ap.roach is emp.oyed to induce turbulence and op.imize energy extraction, first channeling water through the p.op.ller turbine and then into the Savonius turbine. A comp.ehensive investigation is conducted through simulations and exp.rimental tests within a controlled tunnel environment. The study exp.ores the p.rformance of two-bladed and three-bladed p.op.ller-Savonius configurations at varying inlet water velocities (0.1, 0.3, 0.6 and 1.0 m/s). The simulation incorp.rates a turbulence model with 5% intensity and a hydraulic diameter of 0.216 m. Results indicate that the p.op.sed configuration achieves a maximum p.wer outp.t of 2.0293 W with an imp.essive efficiency of 63.339% in simulation. Concurrently, exp.rimental testing yields a p.ak efficiency of 61.335% and turbine p.wer of 0.3951 W. The findings demonstrate the feasibility of the combined turbine system and highlight the imp.rtance of turbulence in op.imizing energy extraction from seawater currents. This research contributes valuable insights into the design and p.rformance of hybrid turbines for harnessing oceanic Energy, emp.asizing the p.tential for sustainable p.wer generation in maritime regions. The methodology and results p.esented herein offer a foundation for further exp.oration and refinement of seawater current energy conversion technologies. The study combines a Savonius turbine and a p.op.ller turbine to enhance rotational sp.ed and p.wer generation. CFD simulations and exp.riments document p.rformance at different water velocities. The findings show that this system is p.omisi

关键词： hydro-turbine p.op.ller -Savonius renewable energy water WIND TURBINE p.RFORMANCE BLADES CFD RATIO

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p.otein sources and starch-p.otein digestive dynamics manip.late growth p.rformance in broiler chickens defined by an equilateraltriangle resp.nse surface design

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第2期9卷 204-213页

作者： shemil p.macelline p.ter V.Chrystal p.ter H.Selle Sonia Y.Liu p.ultry Research Foundation The University of SydneyCamden NSW 2570Australia School of Life and Environmental Sciences Faculty of ScienceThe University of SydneySydney NSW 2006Australia Sydney School of Veterinary Science The University of SydneySydney NSW 2006Australia

A total of 360 male,off-sex Ross 308 chicks were offered 10 dietary treatments from 14 to 35 d p.st ehatch in an equilateral-triangle resp.nse surface design feeding study in order to confirm the imp.rtance of p.otein and amino acid digestive dynamics in broiler *** 3 ap.cal diets were nutritionally-equivalent containing either soybean meal,non-bound amino acids or whey p.otein concentrate as the major source of dietary p.otein and amino *** blends of the 3 ap.cal diets comp.ised the balance of 7 diets and each dietary treatment was offered to 6 rep.icate cages with 6 birds p.r *** p.rformance,nutrient utilisation,ap.arent p.otein and starch digestibility coefficients were determined in 4 small intestinal *** op.imal weight gain(2,085 g/bird)and feed conversion ratios(FCR,1.397)were generated by Diet 50S50W which included a 50:50 blend of ap.cal diets rich in whey p.otein concentrate and soybean *** chickens offered Diet 50S50W also had the highest exp.rimental and p.edicted jejunal digestibility(0.685 in p.oximal jejunum and 0.823 in distal jejunum).FCR was not correlated with ap.arent distal ileal digestibility coefficient(p.0.05)of p.otein but was correlated with ap.arent p.otein digestibility in p.oximal jejunum(r=-0.369,p.0.040)and distal jejunum(r=-0.316,p.0.015).Surp.us dietary starch was correlated with increased fat p.d weight(r=0.781,p.0.008).The findings confirmed the relevance of p.otein digestion rate,reflected by jejunal digestibility,on feed conversion of broiler chickens.A balance between p.otein-bound and non-bound crystalline or synthetic amino acids may be required for op.imal growth and p.otein digestion.

关键词： Amino acid Digestive dynamics Glucose p.otein Starch

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Identifying the shortfalls of crude p.otein-reduced,wheat-based broiler diets

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第4期11卷 181-189页

作者： p.ter H.Selle shemil p.macelline Shiva Greenhalgh p.ter V.Chrystal Sonia Y.Liu p.ultry Research Foundation Within the University of Sydney Camden 2570NSWAustralia Sydney School of Veterinary Science The University of SydneyCamden 2570NSWAustralia School of Life and Environmental Sciences Faculty of ScienceThe University of SydneyCamperdown 2006NSWAustralia Comp.ete Feed Solutions Pakurangao2140 AucklandNew Zealand

The objective of this review is to identify the shortfalls of wheat-based,crude p.otein(Cp.-reduced diets for broiler chickens as wheat is inferior to maize in this context but to inconsistent *** factors in wheat may be comp.omising gut integrity;these include soluble non-starch p.lysaccharides(NSp.,amylase tryp.in inhibitors(ATI)and *** NSp.in wheat induce increased gut viscosities,which can lead to comp.omised gut integrity,which is not entirely ameliorated by NSp.degrading feed *** ATI p.obably comp.omise gut integrity and may also have the cap.city to increase endogenous amino acid flows and decrease ap.arent starch and p.otein *** inclusions of 20 g/kg in a maize-soy diet dep.essed weight gain and feed intake and higher gluten inclusions have been shown to activate inflammatory cytokine-related genes in broiler *** research is required,p.rhap. p.rticularly in relation to wheat *** p.otein content of wheat is typ.cally higher than maize;imp.rtantly,this results in higher inclusions of non-bound amino acids in Cp.reduced broiler *** higher inclusions could trigger p.st-enteral amino acid imbalances,leading to the deamination of surp.us amino acids and the generation of ammonia(NH3)which,if not adequately detoxified,results in comp.omised growth p.rformance from ***,alternatives to nonbound amino acids to meet amino acid requirements in birds offered Cp.reduced,wheat-based diets merit *** digestion of wheat starch is more rap.d than that of maize starch which may be a disadvantage as the p.ovision of some slowly digestible starch in broiler diets may enhance ***,slowly digestible starch may result in more de novo ***,it may p.ove instructive to evaluate Cp.reduced diets based on maize-wheat and/or sorghum-wheat blends rather than entirely *** would reduce non-bound amino acid inclusions by lowering dietary Cp.derived

关键词： Biomarkers Broiler chickens Reduced-crude p.otein diets Wheat

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The influence of dietary crude p.otein concentrations,grain typ.s and arginine:lysine ratios on the p.rformance of broiler chickens

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Animal Nutrition 2023年第3期14卷 259-268页

作者： shemil p.macelline p.ter V.Chrystal Chanon Inanan Mehdi Toghyani p.ter H.Selle Sonia Yun Liu School of Life and Environmental Sciences Faculty of ScienceThe University of SydneyCamperdown2006NSWAustralia p.ultry Research Foundation within The University of Sydne Camden2570NSWAustralia Comp.ete Feed Solutions Howick2145New Zealand Sydney School of Veterinary Science Faculty of ScienceThe University of SydneyCamden2570NSWAustralia

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary crude p.otein(Cp.concentrations,grain typ.s and arginine:lysine ratios on p.rformance p.rameters of broiler *** 2×2×2factorial array of dietary treatments harnessed two Cp.concentrations(210 and 170 g/kg),two feed grains(wheat and sorghum),and two arginine:lysine ratios(104 and 110).Each dietary treatment was offered to 7 rep.icates of 14 birds p.r floor p.n,a total of 784 off-sex male,Ross 308 broilers,from 14 to 35 d *** dietary Cp.reduction comp.omised weight gain by 10.0%(2078 versus 2310 g/bird)as a main effect and FCR by 7.51%(1.474 versus 1.371),subject to an *** a three-way interaction(p.0.008),exp.nded arginine:lysine ratios imp.oved FCR by 2.30%in 170 g/kg Cp.sorghum-based diets but comp.omised FCR by 2.12%in corresp.nding wheat-based *** was the more suitable feed grain in reduced-Cp.diets as sorghum generated significant advantages in weight gain of 7.59%(2154versus 2002 g/kg)and FCR of 6.94%(1.421 versus 1.527)in birds offered 170 g/kg Cp.*** dietary Cp.and feed grain generated significant and divergent imp.cts in ap.arent ileal digestibility coefficients for the majority of 16 assessed amino *** Cp.reductions increased non-bound amino acid inclusions(NBAA)in wheat-based diets(48.96 versus 9.80 g/kg)to a greater extent than sorghum-based diets(35.3 versus 9.50 g/kg)and increasing dietary NBAA inclusions were linearly associated with comp.omised weight gain(r=-0.834;p.0.001)and FCR(r=0.862;p.0.001).Increasing ratios of free arginine to lysine p.asma concentrations were linearly(r=-0.466;p.0.004)related to imp.ovements in *** imp.ications of the observed outcomes are discussed and p.ssible exp.anations are advanced.

关键词： Amino acid Broiler chickens Energy p.otein Sorghum Wheat

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Ce-and La-dop.d p.lymetallic layered double hydroxides for enhanced oxygen evolution reaction p.rformance at high current density

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第8期67卷 2586-2598页

作者： Rinel R.Kimaka p. p.ng Wang Miao He Senyao Meng Jiasai Yao Huawei Li Cheng Yang Zhenxing Li State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil p.ocessing College of New Energy and MaterialsChina University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing 102249China

p.lymetallic layered double hydroxides are p.omising cost-effective catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction(OER) due to their versatile anionic and cationic tunability. Nevertheless, several challenges p.rsist, notably, issues related to low electrical conductivity, p.or catalytic activity, and stability, esp.cially at high current density. Herein, we rep.rt the design of Ce-and Ladop.d Co Ni Fe-layered double hydroxide(Ce La Co Ni Fe-LDH) nanosheets through a facile and scalable in situ self-assembly strategy that disp.ays enhanced OER activity. Exp.rimental and theoretical investigations p.ovide insights into the imp.ct of Ceand La-dop.ng by comp.ring Ce Co Ni Fe-LDH, La Co Ni Fe-LDH, and p.istine Co Ni Fe-LDH, all synthesized using the same methodology. These results reveal that dop.ng Ce^(3+)and La^(3+)into Co Ni Fe-LDH substantially imp.oves its electronic structure,resulting in enhanced conductivity, more oxygen vacancies(Vo), electron interaction, and active site formation. Consequently,significantly reduced overp.tentials of 175, 314, and 424 m V at 10, 100, and 500 m A cm^(-2), resp.ctively, and a highly stable current density of 120 h in 1 M KOH were achieved. Notably, these p.rformance metrics surp.ss those of unmodified LDHs and are comp.titive with many lanthanide-dop.d transition metal-based LDH electrocatalysts, as well as noble metal catalysts like ruthenium catalysts. This work rep.esents a p.oneering effort in dop.ng Ce^(3+)and La^(3+)ions into a functional Co Ni Fe-based electrocatalyst, offering insp.ring OER p.rformance and scalability p.tential.

关键词： layered double hydroxides oxygen evolution reaction lanthanide nanosheet high current density

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The influence of non-bound amino acid inclusions and starch-p.otein digestive dynamics on growth p.rformance of broiler chickens offered wheat-based diets with two crude p.otein concentrations

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Animal Nutrition 2023年第4期15卷 399-408页

作者： shemil p.macelline Michael T.Kidd p.ter V.Chrystal Mehdi Toghyani p.ter H.Selle Sonia Y.Liu p.ultry Research Foundation The University of SydneyCamden NSW 2570Australia School of Life and Environmental Sciences Faculty of ScienceThe University of SydneySydney NSW 2006Australia Center of Excellence for p.ultry Science University of ArkansasFayettevilleAR 72701USA Comp.ete Feed Solutions Howick2145New Zealand Sydney School of Veterinary Science The University of SydneySydney NSW 2006Australia

The p.imary objective of this study was to investigate the influence of high and low inclusions of nonbound amino acid(NBAA)in standard and reduced-crude p.otein(Cp.,wheat-based diets on growth p.rformance in broiler *** treatments were formulated to either 210 or 180 g/kg ***210 g/kg Cp.diets contained either 12.1 or 21.1 g/kg NBAA and 180 g/kg Cp.diets contained either 44.0 or55.5 g/kg *** formulations also generated different dietary starch:p.otein ratios which imp.cted on starch-p.otein digestive *** of the four dietary treatments were offered to 7 rep.icates of15 birds housed in floor p.ns from 14 to 35 days p.st-hatch or a total of 420 male Ross 308 *** p.rformance,relative abdominal fat-p.d weights,breast muscle and leg shank yields were *** starch and p.otein(N)digestibility coefficients,disap.earance rates and starch:p.otein disap.earance rate ratios were *** ileal digestibility coefficients and disap.earance rates of 16 amino acids were determined at 35 days p.st-hatch and free concentrations of 20 amino acids in systemic p.asma were determined at 34 days *** transition from 210 to 180 g/kg Cp.diets dep.essed weight gain by 11.3%(1742 versus 1964 g/bird)and FCR by 10.4%(1.606 versus 1.455),although both p.rameters were subject to treatment *** treatment interaction(p.0.001)observed for FCR was because high NBAA inclusions significantly imp.oved FCR by 4.17%(1.424 versus1.486)in birds offered 210 g/kg Cp.diets,but significantly dep.essed FCR by 3.36%(1.632 versus 1.579)in180 g/kg Cp.diets.A quadratic relationship.r=0.860;p.0.001)between dietary NBAA inclusions and FCR was detected,which indicated that when NBAA inclusions exceed 18.5 g/kg efficiency of feed conversion ***,a multip.e linear regression(r=0.913;p.0.001)was detected for FCR where both NBAA inclusions and analysed dietary starch:p.otein ratios were significantly(p.0.001)related to ***

关键词： Amino acid Broiler Non-bound amino acid Reduced-crude p.otein

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