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Food Behavior of Pupils in the City of Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso)

Open Journal of Pediatrics 2018年第2期8卷 134-140页

作者： Té né Marceline Yamé ogo Bazoumana Coulibali Aimé e Senkaye-Lagom Kissou Issiaka Sombié Carole Gilberte Kyelem Mireille Marie D. Tapsoba Alassane Ilboudo Omar Guira Djingri Lankoandé Abraham Bagbila Marina Birba macaire sampawindé Oué draogo Youssouf Joseph Drabo INSSA University Nazi Boni Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso CHU Souro Sanon Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso UFR-SDS University Joseph Ki Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Introduction: Diet is a determinant of chronic non transmissible diseases. The aim of this study was to describe pupils’ diet in the city of Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso). Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study that took place from March to April 2016, among 1st, 4th and 7th form pupils of public and private schools in the city of Bobo-Dioulasso. Diet survey methods were a reminder of the last 24 hours and the questionnaire of consumption frequency. Results: A total of 1993 pupils were surveyed. The mean age was 17.5 ± 3.6 years and the sex ratio 0.7. The majority of pupils (90.5%) reported eating at least 3 meals a day. Dietary recommendations were different according to food groups. For example, vegetables (90.0%), fruits (75.4%) and dairy products (79.3%) were the least well consumed foods compared to recommendations. Protein and starch intake were inadequate among these pupils with 39.7% and 58.2% respectively. Almost 1/4 had a regular weekly alcohol consumption (23.4%) while an excessive consumption of sweet drinks and fried foods was noted in 12.7% and 28.2% of them, respectively. Conclusion: This study has revealed a general insufficiency in the recommended dietary intakes of fruit, vegetables, proteins, starchy foods and dairy products among pupils, and on the other hand, a regular consumption of fatty, sugary and alcoholic foods for about a fifth of them. An intervention program such as “Communication for Continuous Behavior Change” would help improve these habits.

关键词： Food Behavior Pupils Burkina Faso

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Too Sweet/Too Fatty Food Consumption: Determinants among Secondary School Pupils in the City of Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso)

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2018年第2期8卷 126-133页

作者： Té né Marceline Yamé ogo Mireille Marie Dé borah Tapsoba Aimé e Senkaye-Lagom Kissou Bazoumana Coulibali Issiaka Sombié Carole Gilberte Kyelem Alassane Ilboudo Omar Guira Djingri Lankoandé Abraham Bagbila Marina Birba macaire sampawindé Oué draogo Youssouf Joseph Drabo CHU SouroSanon Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso INSSA University Nazi Boni Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso UFR-SDS University Joseph Ki Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Introduction: Nutrition, particularly when too sweet or too fatty, is a major determinant of chronic diseases. This study aims to determine the frequency and associate factors of the excessive consumption of sweet drinks and fried food among secondary school pupils. Methods: It is cross-sectional study which was conducted from March to April 2016 among 1st, 4th and 7th form pupils of public and private schools in the city of Bobo-Dioulasso. Nutritional investigation methods consisted in a reminder of the last 24 hours associated with a questionnaire on food consumption frequency. Excessive consumption of sweet drinks was defined as a consumption of more than 3 sweet drinks (soda) or sugary juice per day (~33 cl × 3);and excessive consumption of fried food as a consumption of more than 1 intake of fried food per day. Results: In total, 1993 pupils were interviewed. The mean age was 17.5 ± 3.6 years and sex-ratio 0.7. Excessive consumption of sweet drinks and fried food was recorded in 12.7% (n = 253) and 28.2% (n = 561) of pupils, respectively. The factors associated with excessive consumption of sweet drinks were: sex/female, sedentarily, desire to gain weight, lean or normal corpulence of the mother and breakfast intake;those associated with excessive consumption of fried food were: sex/female, being in 1st or 4th form, physical exercise practice and breakfast intake. But the fact to attend a private secondary school, to have a mother of normal corpulence and a concordance between self-image and actual weight status, were protective against excessive consumption of fried foods. Conclusion: This study has displayed prominently the fact that eating too sweet and too fatty concerned respectively 1/10 and 3/10 of pupils in the city of Bobo-Dioulasso. The main modifiable factors of these eating habits included the level of education, the composition of breakfast and the influence of mothers. An intervention program in the form of a Communication for Continuous Behaviora

关键词： Too Sweet/Too Fatty Food Consumption Young Subject Pupils

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Mortality from Stroke in Young People in Brazzaville

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World Journal of Neuroscience 2024年第1期14卷 37-55页

作者： Motoula Latou Happhia Dinah Boubayi Josué Euberma Diatewa Ghislain Armel Mpandzou Prince Eliot Galieni Sounga Bandzouzi Elizeth Richtellah Fouti Kouapele Karen Lise Obondzo Aloba Paul macaire Ossou-Nguiet Faculty of Health Sciences Université Marien Ngouabi Brazzaville The Republic of the Congo Department of Neurology Brazzaville University Hospital Brazzaville The Republic of the Congo Department of Neurology Loandjili General Hospital Pointe-Noire The Republic of the Congo

Introduction: Cerebrovascular accidents (CVA) are an absolute neurovascular emergency and the main cause of mortality and acquired disability in adults. In the Congo, stroke is the leading cause of mortality and the leading cardiovascular emergency, with a hospital frequency of between 49.74% and 56.2%. The aim of the study was to identify the mortality factors associated with stroke in young people in Brazzaville. Patients and Methods: This is a longitudinal analytical study conducted from February to period from February to September 2019 in the neurology, general intensive care and medical emergency departments of the Brazzaville University Hospital (CHUB). All subjects aged 18 - 55 years of completed age, admitted for arterial stroke confirmed by brain imaging, were included. Study variables were: age, gender, socioeconomic level, laterality, time to admission and CT scan, vascular risk factors, history of cardiomyopathy, atrial fibrillation, TIA (transient ischemic attack) or stroke, NIHSS (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale) score, Glasgow score, blood pressure, temperature, heart rate, occurrence or non-occurrence of complications, blood glucose, creatinine, lipid profile and blood count. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21 software. Descriptive analyses were performed using SPSS 21 software. Results: 103 patients were included in the study, of whom 45 (43.7%) had ischemic stroke and 58 (56.3%) with hemorrhagic stroke. Mortality was high at 29.1% in our study, and mainly concerned hemorrhagic strokes (73.7%). Two-week mortality in our study accounted for 63.33% of total lethality. After simple logistic regression, the factors associated with death within two weeks were age between 40 - 44 years (OR (odds ratio) = 2.95;p = 0.01), hemorrhagic stroke (OR = 1.41;p = 0.07), mass effect (OR = 3.26;p 15 (OR = 5.89 (2.90 - 11.95);p <

关键词： Brazzaville Mortality Stroke Young Subjects

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Impact of Tension-Type Headaches in the Workplace in Brazzaville

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Neuroscience & Medicine 2024年第2期15卷 77-91页

作者： Happhia Dinah Boubayi Motoula Latou Josué Euberma Diatewa Ghislain Armel Mpandzou Prince Eliot Galieni Sounga Bandzouzi Jean Brice Mouendenguia Karen Lise Obondzo Aloba Paul macaire Ossou-Nguiet Faculty of Health Sciences Universit Marien Ngouabi Brazzaville Congo Department of Neurology Brazzaville University Hospital Congo Department of Neurology Loandjili General Hospital Pointe-Noire Congo

Introduction: Tension-type headaches are the most widespread of the primary headache disorders. Due to their high prevalence, tension-type headaches represent a major public health problem with an enormous socio-economic burden. Determining their impact remains a challenge. Objective: To assess the impact of occupational tension-type headache in Brazzaville and identify associated factors. Population and Methods: This was an analytical case-control study conducted in public and private companies in the city of Brazzaville over a period of four (04) months. The case population consisted of cephalalgic employees;the control population was drawn from the same companies and was free of tension-type headaches. Study variables were divided into socio-professional, clinical and individual impact variables. Individual impact variables were represented by: the HIT-6 score, which incorporates a very broad conception of disability, covering several domains, namely: severity of pain during attacks and the restrictive and limiting nature of attacks. Results: Individual impact was severe in 18 (62.1%) men and 11 (37.9%) women. Mean age was 36.3 6.14 years for cases with severe impact. The mean duration of headache was 40.3 32.7 months for cases with severe impact. Tension headache evolved in attacks in 22 (75.9%) cases with severe impact, and continuously in seven (24.1%) cases. The average number of attacks per month was 2.52 1.04 for cases with severe impact. Cases with severe impact included 14 (48.3%) with chronic headache and 15 (51.7%) with episodic headache. Pain of severe intensity present in 48.3% of cases was associated with a severe impact of tension-type headache: OR = 151.66 [2.36 - 44245.95] and p-value = 0.037. At least one days absence from work per year was observed in 47.4% of our cases. The number of days off work per year due to tension-type headache had an interquartile range between 0 and 3 days and extremes from 0 to 14 days. It was the consequence of a sev

关键词： Impact Tension Headache Workplace

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Clinical and Therapeutic Aspects of Migraine in Brazzaville

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World Journal of Neuroscience 2024年第1期14卷 56-71页

作者： Motoula Latou Happhia Dinah Boubayi Josue Diatewa Prince Eliot Galieni Sounga Bandzouzi Ghislain Armel Mpandzou Héloïse Stéphanie Ongoly Ikora Karen Lise Obondzo Aloba Paul macaire Ossou-Nguiet Faculty of Health Sciences Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville The Republic of the Congo Department of Neurology Brazzaville University Hospital Brazzaville The Republic of the Congo Department of Neurology Loandjili General Hospital Pointe-Noire The Republic of the Congo

Introduction: Migraine is the most common primary headache, and can cause significant disability. There are two types, migraine without aura and migraine with aura. The diagnosis of migraine is essentially clinical. Worldwide prevalence was estimated at 11.6% in 2009. In Africa, it is estimated at 10.4%. Objective: To describe the clinical and therapeutic aspects of migraine in Brazzaville. Patients and Methods: This was a door-to-door cross-sectional study conducted from 1st May to 1 st July 2018 in the city of Brazzaville. Subjects over 18 with clearly expressed consent were included. The questionnaire covered demographic characteristics, diagnostic criteria for migraine according to the IHS, treatments taken. The degree of disability was determined using the Migraine Disability Assessment Scale (MIDAS). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 22.0 for MAC. Results: Of the 1017 subjects interviewed in this study, 115 (39.9%) had migraine, including 73 women (63.47%) and 42 men (36.52%). In the group of migraine sufferers, the number of cases of definite migraine was 61 (53.04%) and that of probable migraine 54 (46.95%). For 81 migraine sufferers (70.43%), stress was the triggering factor. The frequency of attacks was weekly and monthly for 30 (26.1%) and 19 (16.5%) sufferers respectively. The location of the migraine was unilateral in 38% of cases and tilted in 24.3%. The intensity of the attack was described as moderate and severe in 41.7% and 57.4% of subjects respectively. Phonophobia/photophobia accompanied the migraine in 65.2% of cases. One hundred and eight subjects were treated. Of these, 106 (98.1%) were on medication. Eleven (10.37%) had received a medical prescription, and ninety-seven (89.8%) were self-medicating. Five and three subjects were under the care of a general practitioner and a neurologist respectively. Conclusion: Migraine is a frequent pathology in Brazzaville. Its preponderance among young people and women call

关键词： Migraine Clinic Therapeutics Brazzaville

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Management of Spontaneous Intracerebral Haemorrhage (sICH) at the University Hospital of Brazzaville (CONGO)

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Neuroscience & Medicine 2024年第1期15卷 23-38页

作者： Ekouele Mbaki Hugues Brieux Ngoma Niangui Léocia Exaucée Diatewa Josué Euberma Boukaka Kala Rel Gerald Ngackosso Olivier Brice Mpandzou Ghislain Armel Boukassa Léon Ossou-Nguiet Paul macaire Faculty of Health Sciences Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Republic of the Congo Multipurpose Surgery Department University Hospital Center of Brazzaville Brazzaville Republic of the Congo Neurology Department University Hospital Center of Brazzaville Brazzaville Republic of the Congo

Spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage (sICH) is characterised by bleeding within the brain parenchyma, without any accompanying vascular malformation, parenchymal abnormality or coagulation disorder. The study aimed to depict the management of sICH at the University Hospital of Brazzaville (UHB). It was an observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional analysis. Data collection was conducted retrospectively, covering the period from January 1, 2020 to August 31, 2022, spanning two years and eight months. The study examined socio-demographic, diagnostic, therapeutic, and evolutionary variables. We included 274 cases. We observed 160 men (58.4%) and 114 women (41.6%), resulting in a sex ratio of 1.4. The mean age was 55.3 ± 11.4 years, with ages ranging from 31 to 93 years. The detection of sICH was typically a result of experiencing motor deficits (59.5%) or disorders of consciousness (37.2%). The weightiness of one half of the body was the most common reason for seeking medical advice. Hematoma was capsulo-lenticular in 159 cases (58%) and capsulo-thalamic in 63 cases (23%). Hematomas were 30 ml in 112 cases (40.9%), and associated with hydrocephalus in 11.7% of cases. Conservative medical treatment was administered in 257 cases (94.2%) while surgical treatment was performed in 16 cases (5.8%). The surgical techniques used were external ventricular drainage (EVD) in 2 cases, ventriculo-peritoneal shunt in 5 cases, and hematoma evacuation in 10 cases. Death occurred before the 7th day of hospitalisation in 73 cases (57.8%) and after in 46 cases (42.2%). The median time to death was four days (Q1 = 2 days;Q3 = 7 days), with extremes of 0 and 216 days. .

关键词： Spontaneous Intracerebral haemorrhage Management Brazzaville

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Petrography of alluvial sands as a past and present environmental indicator:Case of the Loire River(France)

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2013年第3期28卷 285-303页

作者： Jean-Jacques macaire Isabelle GAY-OVEJERO Michel BACCHI Constantin COCIRTA Luc PATRYL Stéphane RODRIGUES University Franqois-Rabelais of Tours University Francois-Rabelais of Tours SARL RIVE 4. Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique-CEA DAMDIF

Four sample sets of the Upper and Middle Loire river sands were analyzed in order to study the impact of natural and anthropogenic factors on their petrographic composition in space(on an 800 km stretch) and *** was determined by modal analysis of three sand-size fractions using a polarizing optical microscope and calculated for each sample("standard sand" = Sst).The watershed is composed mainly of endogenic(Massif Central) and sedimentary(southern Parisian Basin) rocks.B-set sands collected in channels for different water flows in 1996 show that Sst compositions vary by only 5%.Present-day sands in the Upper Loire and Middle Loire have very high petrographic immaturity comparing to others worldwide fluvial sands,although bio-climatic conditions favor sand maturation by source-rock weathering in the *** shows the strong impact of the Massif Central on sediment yield due to relief rejuvenation as a consequence of the formation of the Alps during the *** sands stored during the Weichselian and the Holocene in the Middle Loire floodplain,although partly weathered since their deposition,show higher inputs from the endogenic rocks of the Massif Central than present-day *** can be explained by Weichselian periglacial conditions and the development of crop farming since the Neolithic,which favored mechanical erosion,particularly in the Massif Central which is characterized by a cold,humid climate and steep *** upstream-downstream change in the composition of presently deposited sand is low in the diked *** shows however that basalt and some heavy mineral grains are vulnerable to abrasion during transport and indicates a marked sediment yield from ancient sediment stored in the *** is in line with the high incision of the river bed over the last 150 years partly due to dam construction and aggregate mining.

关键词： Fluvial sand Sand petrography Sediment source Tectonics impact Human impact Loire river

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Effects of Soursop flowers(Annona muricata L.)extract on chemical changes of refined palm olein stored at frying temperature

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2017年第4期6卷 187-194页

作者： Tonfack Djikeng Fabrice Womeni Hilaire macaire Bala Krishna Marrapu Mallampalli Sri Lakshmi Karuna Rachapudi Badari Narayana Prasad Linder Michel School of Agriculture and Natural Resources Catholic University Institute of BueaP.O BOX 563BueaCameroon Department of Biochemistry Faculty of ScienceUniversity of DschangP.O BOX 67DschangCameroon CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Centre for Lipid ResearchTarnakaHyderabad 500007India Biomolecular Engineering Laboratory(LIBio) University of LorraineENSAIAVandoeuvre-les-NancyFrance

In this study,the antioxidant activity of soursop flowers extract in delaying palm olein oxidation at frying temperature was *** oil was supplemented with the extract at concentrations 200–1800 ppm,and stored in the oven at 180◦C for 6 days(4 h heating per day).Palm olein containing butylated hydroxytoluene(BHT)served as positive control while the same oil without antioxidant(Control)served as negative one,in order to monitor changes in *** each two heating days,oil samples were collected,and their chemical indexes were ***,para-anisidine,TOTOX,thiobarbituric acid and iodine values were the parameters ***,the evolution of the fatty acid composition of each oil sample during the storage was assessed by gas-chromatography using a flame ionization detector(GC/FID).Generally,palm olein samples containing the natural extract have exhibited the lowest rate of oxidation,and were efficient in limiting the destruction of unsaturated fatty acids in oil at frying *** order of effectiveness in inhibiting oil oxidation was the following:PO+AnM1800ppm>PO+AnM1400ppm>PO+AnM1000ppm>PO+An.M600ppm>PO+An.M200ppm>PO+BHT200ppm=*** these results,it can be concluded that soursop flowers are a potent sources of natural antioxidants for stabilization of palm olein.

关键词： Soursop flowers Stabilization Natural antioxidant Palm olein Frying Oxidative stability

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Antioxidant Effect of Plants Aqueous Extract on Lipid Stability of <i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>during Traditional Sun and Smoke Drying in Far-North Cameroon

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2020年第8期11卷 854-871页

作者： Noël Tenyang Goldefroy Tabanty Zambou Roger Ponka Hilaire macaire Womeni Department of Biological Science Faculty of Science University of Maroua Maroua Cameroon Department of Agriculture National Advanced School of Engineering Livestock and By-Products University of Maroua Maroua Cameroon Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon

Fishes are suitable for sun drying and smoking. But their high contains of unsaturated fatty acids make them very prone to lipid oxidation. However, some plants are rich in natural antioxidants and have been shown to be potent inhibitors of lipid oxidation during processing of meat. The effect of three aqueous plants extracts on lipid stability of Oreochromis niloticus collected in Far-North Cameroon during processing was evaluated. Results show the high nutritious of these fish with high levels of proteins, lipid and ash (71.02%, 13.71% and 10.65%, respectively). It has been observed that oleic acid (C18:1), followed by palmitic acid (C16:0) and linoleic acid (C18:2) are the most dominant fatty acids present in Oreochromis niloticus lipids. Their lipid also showed a much higher content of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) compared to omega 6 PUFA. The total phenolic contents (TPC) of the three plants ranged from 12,150 to 16,050 mg/100 g. The leaves of Moringa oleifera

关键词： Oreochromis niloticus Moringa oleifera Solanum melongena Zingiber officinalis Lipid Stability Smoke and Sun Dry

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Antioxidant potential of methanolic extracts and powders of some Cameroonian spices during accelerated storage of soybean oil

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Advances in Biological Chemistry 2013年第3期3卷 304-313页

作者： Hilaire macaire Womeni Fabrice Tonfack Djikeng Bernard Tiencheu Michel Linder Biomolecular Engineering Laboratory (LIBio) Université de Lorraine ENSAIA Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy France Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon

The efficacy of methanolic extracts and powders of 12 spices (Pimpinella anisum, Scorodophleuszenkeii, Xy- lopiaparviflora, Eugenia caryophyllus, Fagara leprieurii, Fagara macrophylla, Monodora myristica, Olax subscorpioidea, Xylopiaaethiopica, Allium sativum, Zinziber officinale and Cinnamomum zeylanicum) in stabilizing crude soyabean oil during accelerated storage was assessed. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phenols in all the spices except that of Allium sativum. Total phenolic content (TPC) and DPPH radical scavenging activity of the extracts varied significantly (p < 0.01) ranging from 1.34 to17.72 gGAE/100 gand 18.91% to 96.39% respectively. Extract of Zinziber officinale, Olax subscorpioidea, Fagaramacrophylla, Eugenia caryophyllus and Xylopia parviflora, which offered the highest TPC, exhibited superior antioxidant activity with regard to the DPPH. Furthermore, the antioxidant effectiveness of the extracts and powders was assessed using crude soyabean oil (CSO) as the oxidation substrate. CSO samples stabilized with extracts at a concentration of 500 ppm (w/w) and powders at a concentration of 1000 ppm were subjected to accelerated storage (65?C, oven heating, 24 days, 8 h heating cycle per day), and analyzed periodically for the extent of oxidative alterations following the measurement of iodine and peroxide value. CSO + BHT at 200 ppm served as standards besides the control. Results?reveal Zinziberofficinale, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Scorodophleuszenkerii, Monodora myristica, Xylopiaaethiopica, Allium sativum, Fagara leprieurii extracts and powders and the powder of Pimpinella anisum to be potent antioxidants for stabilization of crude soyabean oil.

关键词： Natural Antioxidant Cameroonian Spices Lipids Oxidation Stabilization Soyabean Oil

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