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An integrated microfluidic platform for nucleic acid testing

Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第3期10卷 181-194页

作者： Antao Sun Petra Vopařilová Xiaocheng Liu Bingqian Kou TomášŘezníček TomášLednický Sheng Ni JiříKudr ondřej Zítka Zdenka Fohlerová Petr Pajer Haoqing Zhang Pavel Neužil Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Systems for Aerospace School of Mechanical EngineeringNorthwestern Polytechnical University127 West Youyi RoadXi’anShaanxi 710072P.R.China Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Mendel University in BrnoZemědělská161300 BrnoCzech Republic ITD Tech s.r.o Osvoboditelů100573581 BohumínCzech Republic Central European Institute of Technology Brno University of TechnologyPurkyňova 123Brno 61200Czech Republic Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong Kong SARChina Department of Microelectronics Faculty of Electrical Engineering and CommunicationBrno University of TechnologyTechnická3058/10Brno 61600Czech Republic Military Health Institute U Vojenskénemocnice 120016200 Praha 6Czech Republic The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education School of Life Science and TechnologyXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’anShaanxi 710049P.R.China Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center(BEBC) Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049P.R.China

This study presents a rapid and versatile low-cost sample-to-answer system for SARS-CoV-2 *** system integrates the extraction and purification of nucleic acids,followed by amplification via either reverse transcriptionquantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT–qPCR)or reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification(RT–LAMP).By meeting diverse diagnostic and reagent needs,the platform yields testing results that closely align with those of commercial RT-LAMP and RT‒qPCR *** advantages of our system include its speed and *** assay is completed within 28 min,including sample loading(5 min),ribonucleic acid(RNA)extraction(3 min),and RT-LAMP(20 min).The cost of each assay is≈$9.5,and this pricing is competitive against that of Food and Drug Administration(FDA)-approved commercial *** some RNA loss during on-chip extraction is observed,the platform maintains a potential limit of detection lower than 297 *** makes the system particularly useful in environments where centralized laboratories are either unavailable or inconveniently *** key feature is the platform’s versatility,allowing users to choose between RT‒qPCR or RT‒LAMP tests based on specific requirements.

关键词： testing maintain versatile

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Numerical Simulation-Based Analysis of the Impact of Overloading on Segmentally Assembled Bridges

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Structural Durability & Health Monitoring 2024年第5期18卷 663-681页

作者： Donghui ma Wenqi Wu Yuan Li Lun Zhao Yingchun Cai Pan Guo Shaolin Yang Shanghai Urban Construction and maintenance management Co. Ltd.Shanghai200023China School of Water Conservancy and Transportation Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001China

Segmentally assembled bridges are increasinglyﬁnding engineering applications in recent years due to their unique advantages,especially as urban *** loads are one of the most important variable loads acting on bridge ***,the inﬂuence of overloaded vehicles on existing assembled bridge structures is an urgent concern at *** paper establishes theﬁnite element model of the segmentally assembled bridge based on ABAQUS software and analyzes the inﬂuence of vehicle overload on an assembled girder bridge ***,aﬁnite element model corresponding to the target bridge is established based on ABAQUS software,and the load is controlled to simulate vehicle movement in each area of the traveling zone at different ***-ond,the key cross-sections of segmental girder bridges are monitored in real time based on the force character-istics of continuous girder bridges,and they are compared with the simulation ***,a material damage ontology model is introduced,and the structural damage caused by different overloading rates is compared and *** show that theﬁnite element modeling method is accurate by comparing with on-site measured data,and it is suitable for the numerical simulation of segmental girder bridges;Dynamic sensors installed at 1/4L,1/2L,and 3/4L of the segmental girder main beams could be used to identify the dynamic response of segmental girder bridges;The bottom plate of the segmental girder bridge is mostly damaged at the position where the length of the precast beam section changes and the midspan *** the increase in load,damage in the direction of the bridge develops faster than that in the direction of the transverse ***ﬁndings of this study can guide maintenance departments in the management and maintenance of bridges and vehicles.

关键词： Segmentally assembled bridge dynamic response moving loads overloading structural damage ﬁnite element analysis

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Secondary cracking of volatile and its avoidance in infrared-heating pyrolysis reactor

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Carbon Resources Conversion 2018年第3期1卷 202-208页

作者： Somprasong Siramard Jin-Hui Zhan Zhennan Han Shipei Xu ondřej mašek Guangwen Xu State Key Laboratory of Multi-phase Complex Systems Institute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Institute of Industrial Chemistry and Energy Technology Shenyang University of Chemical TechnologyShenyang 110142China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China UK Biochar Research Centre School of GeosciencesCrew BuildingThe King's BuildingsUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghEH93FFUK

This study aims to compare the pyrolysis behavior of Huadian oil shale in two infrared heating fixed bed reactors with different directions of infrared *** previous work has shown that fast pyrolysis of oil shale conducted in the shallow fixed bed infrared heating reactor(co-current)presented the massive secondary reactions,which lowered the shale oil production(Siramard et al.,2017).Conversely,the cross-current infrared achieved shale oil yields higher than the Fischer Assay oil yield(13.07 wt%of dry basis),such as 117.7%of the Fischer Assay yield at our realized highest heating rate of 7℃/s under a specified pyrolysis temperature of 550℃.The shale oil from the cross-current infrared heating reactor was obviously heavier than the oil obtained from the cocurrent heating ***,the infrared cross heating evidently suppressed the secondary reactions toward *** realized shale oil yield could reach 13.67 wt%or 122.5%of the Fischer Assay yield under reducing pyrolysis pressure of 0.6 atm,indicating that lower pressure is also beneficial to the release of volatile and reduction of the secondary cracking *** work shows essentially that the infrared cross heating provides an effective merge of the advantages from quick heating and minimization of secondary cracking reactions to enable the shale oil yields being higher than the Fischer Assay oil yield.

关键词： Pyrolysis Secondary cracking Volatile Infrared heating Oil shale

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Synchrotron X-ray microtomography and multifractal analysis for the characterization of pore structure and distribution in softwood pellet biochar

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Biochar 2021年第4期3卷 671-686页

作者： Franziska Srocke Liwen Han Pierre Dutilleul Xianghui Xiao Donald L.Smith ondřej mašek Department of Plant Science Macdonald CampusMcGill University21111 Lakeshore RoadSte-Anne-de-BellevueQuebec H9X 3V9Canada UK Biochar Research Centre School of GeosciencesUniversity of EdinburghKing’s BuildingsAlexander Crum Brown RoadEdinburgh EH93FFUK Advanced Photon Source Argonne National LaboratoryLemontIL 60439USA Present Address:National Synchrotron Light Source II UptonNY 11973USA

Biochar pores in the micrometer range(1-100μm)derive from cellular structures of the plant biomass subjected to pyrolysis or can be the result of mechanical processing,such as *** this study,synchrotron X-ray microtomography was used to investigate the internal pore structure of softwood pellet biochar produced by slow pyrolysis at 550 and 700°*** microtomographic data sets consisted of 2025 images of 2560×2560 voxels with a voxel side length of 0.87μ*** three-dimensional reconstructions revealed that pelleting and pyrolysis significantly altered the pore structures of the wood feedstock,creating a network of connected pores between fragments that resembled the wood *** higher pyrolysis temperature increased the specific surface area(as determined by BET nitrogen adsorption),it did not affect the total observed *** analysis was applied to assess the characteristics of the frequency distribution of pores along each of the three dimensions of reconstructed images of five softwood pellet biochar *** resulting singular-ity and Rényi spectra(generalized dimensions)indicated that the distribution of porosity had monofractal scaling behavior,was homogeneous within the analyzed volumes and consistent between replicate ***,the pore distributions were isotropic(direction-independent),which is in strong contrast with the anisotropic pore structure of *** pores at the scale analyzed in this study are relevant,for example,for the supply of plant accessible water and habitable space for microorganisms,our findings combined with the ability to reproduce biochar with such pore distribution offer substantial advantages in various biochar applications.

关键词： Biochar Pore structure X‐ray microtomography Homogeneity Isotropy Multifractal analysis

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Biochar from sawmill residues:characterization and evaluation for its potential use in the horticultural growing media

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Biochar 2021年第2期3卷 201-212页

作者： Dilani Rathnayake Hamish Creber Reinhart Van Poucke Saran Sohi Erik Meers ondřej mašek Frederik Ronsse Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass Research Group Department of Green Chemistry and TechnologyFaculty of Bioscience EngineeringGent University653Coupure Links9000 GentBelgium UK Biochar Research Centre School of GeoSciencesUniversity of EdinburghCrew BuildingThe King’s BuildingsEdinburgh EH93FFUK Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Ecochemistry Department of Green Chemistry and TechnologyFaculty of Bioscience EngineeringGent University653Coupure Links9000 GentBelgium

Peat remains the primary constituent of horticultural growing media in professional ***,use of peat in horticultural growing media results in greenhouse gas emissions and biodiversity loss due to excavation of natural *** is gaining attention as a sustainable alternative to peat use in *** study examined the potential of biochar produced from a particular type of sawmill residue,as a partial replacement for peat in horticultural growing *** treatments including peat only,biochar only,biochar and peat in 1:1,1:3,and 3:1(V/V)ratios were *** addition of biochar into growing media increased the pH and EC of the ***,physical properties(air-filled porosity and water holding capacity)were negatively affected with the increase in biochar content in the *** to the germination test results,biochar significantly improved germination and the shoot and root length of germinated seeds of cress,lettuce and tomato when compared to peat-only and biochar-only *** inclusion of biochar in 25-50%volume ratio improved plant growth parameters compared to peat-only and biochar-only *** obtained from this study suggest that sawmill residue offers great potential as a feedstock for biochar production and inclusion of biochar has positive effects on seed germination and plant growth that might compete with modified peat.

关键词： Sawmill residue Biochar Peat replacement Growing media Germination

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The Prague Linguistic Circle during the Second World War

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中国比较文学 2017年第3期 24-34页

作者： ondej Sldek Institute of Czech Literature The Czech Academy of Sciences

The study focuses on the difficult situation of the Prague Linguistic Circle(PLC) during the Second World War(WWⅡ). Despite the decrease of publication possibilities and censorship in the first years of WWⅡ the activities of the Circle did not substantially change: meetings and lectures went on and also Slovo a slovesnost( Word and Verbal Art) was published until 1943. Nevertheless,a certain decrease of activities came in *** general,during WWⅡ the Circle was one of fewcenters of Czech scholarly effort and thanks to it several key individual works of Vilém mathesius,Jan Mukaovsky,Bohuslav Havrnek,Jií Veltrusky,Vladimír Skalicka etc. and collective books such as Torso a tajemství Máchova díla(The Fragment and Mystery of Mácha's Work),tení o jazyce a poesii( Reading on Language and Literature) were published. These works significantly helped to preserve a continuity of an important research tradition of the Czech Structuralism,and influenced a further development of Czech linguistics,as well as Czech literary criticism, aesthetics, and theatre studies. The present study focuses also on Jan Mukaovsky's activities during WWⅡ and on his works published at that time.

关键词：中国比较文学文学评论英语

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Simultaneous dissipation of trichloroethene and arsenic from co-contaminated groundwater by coupling biodechlorination and biodetoxification with assistance of biochar

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Biochar 2022年第1期4卷 42-55页

作者： Hao Chen Deping Li ondřej mašek Ying Zhai Guoqiang Rong Xiaoyun Xu Xinde Cao Ling Zhao School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China. UK Biochar Research Centre School of GeosciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburgh EH93JNUK. Baowu Group Environmental Resources Technology Co. Ltd.Shanghai 201999China

Co-contamination of groundwater with trichloroethene(TCE)and arsenic(As)is a widespread problem in industrial *** simultaneous biological removal of As and TCE has not yet been *** study incorporated biochar into anaerobic dechlorination system to achieve a greatly accelerated dissipation and co-removal of TCE and *** eliminated microbial lag(6 days)and achieved a 100%TCE removal within 12 days even at a relatively high initial concentration(TCE:30 mg L^(−1);As(V):4 mg L^(−1)),while without biochar,only 75%TCE was removed until day ***-char adsorbed TCE and the intermediate products allowing them to be degraded on its surface gradually,maintaining a high metabolic activity of *** facilitated the preferential colonization of its surfaces by dechlorinating microorganisms(Clostridium and Dehalococcoides)and suppressed hydrogen-competing microorganisms(Desulfo-vibrio)in *** itself cannot adsorb As,however,separation of biochar carrying the As-laden microorgan-isms achieved 50-70%As-removal from *** biochar-amended incubations were found to be enriched with microbes possessing more crucial As-transforming genes(K00537-arsC and K07755-AS3MT),and upregulated amino acid metabolism,thus enhancing the self-detoxification ability of microorganisms to transform As(Ⅴ)to As(Ⅲ)or volatile organic *** study proposes a strategy of regulating microbes’metabolic activity by biochar to achieve simultaneous removal of coexisting contaminations,which is an important step prior to examining the feasibility of biochar application for enhanced bioremediation.

关键词： Co-contamination Complete dechlorination Microbes’self-detoxification As-transforming genes Spatial distribution of microbes

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ChemFET gas nanosensor arrays with alignment windows for assembly of single nanowires

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Nano Research 2023年第7期16卷 10234-10244页

作者： ondřej Chmela Imrich Gablech Jakub Sadílek Jan Brodský Stella Vallejos Central European Institute of Technology Brno University of TechnologyPurkyňova 12361200 BrnoCzech Republic Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication Brno University of TechnologyDepartment of MicroelectronicsTechnická3058/1061200 BrnoCzech Republic Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona(IMB-CNM CSIC)Campus UABCarrer dels Til·lersCerdanyola del Vallès08193 BarcelonaSpain

This work focuses on the fabrication and characterization of Chemical Field-Effect Transistor(ChemFET)gas nanosensor arrays based on single nanowire(SNW).The fabrication processes include micro and nanofabrication techniques enabled by a combination of ultraviolet(UV)and e-beam lithography to build the ChemFET *** show the integration and connection of SNWs across the multiple pairs of nanoelectrodes in the ChemFET by dielectrophoresis process(DEP)thanks to the incorporation of alignment windows(200-300 nm)adapted to the diameter of the *** of the SNW ChemFET array's output and transfer characteristics prove the influence of gate bias on the drain current *** upon hydrogen(H_(2))and nitrogen dioxide(NO_(2))as analyte models of reducing and oxidizing gases show the ChemFET sensing ***,results demonstrate better response characteristics to H_(2)when the ChemFET operates in the subthreshold *** design concepts and methods proposed for fabricating the SNW-based ChemFET arrays are versatile,reproducible,and most likely adaptable to other systems where SNW arrays are required.

关键词： Chemical Field-Effect Transistor(ChemFET)nanosensors nanowires nanoelectrodes gas sensors

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Pyrolysis characteristics of waste tire particles in fixed-bed reactor with internals

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Carbon Resources Conversion 2018年第3期1卷 228-237页

作者： Shipei Xu Dengguo Lai Xi Zeng Lijuan Zhang Zhennan Han Jiguang Cheng Rongcheng Wu ondřej mašek Guangwen Xu State Key Laboratory of Multi-phase Complex Systems Institute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Institute of Industrial Chemistry and Energy Technology Shenyang University of Chemical TechnologyShenyang 110142China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China University of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH93FFScotlandUnited Kingdom

This study investigated the characteristics of pyrolysis for waste tire particles in the newly developed fixed-bed reactor with internals that are a central gas collection channel mounted inside *** a few metallic plates vertically welded on the internal wall of the reactors and extending to the region closing their central gas collection pipe *** were conducted in two laboratory fixed bed reactors with or without the *** results shown that employing internals produced more light oil at externally heating temperatures above 700℃due to the inhibited secondary reactions in the *** oil from the reactor with internals contained more aliphatic hydrocarbons and fewer aromatic hydrocarbons,leading to its higher H/C atomic ratios as for crude petroleum *** char yield was relatively stable for two beds and showed the higher heating values(HHVs)of about 23 MJ/*** gaseous product of pyrolysis mainly consisted of H2 and CH4,but the use of internals led to less pyrolysis gas through its promotion of oil production.

关键词： Pyrolysis Waste tire Fixed bed Internals Secondary reactions

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Effect of natural and anthropogenic acidifi cation on aluminium distribution in forest soils of two regions in the Czech Republic

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Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第1期32卷 363-370页

作者： Lenka Pavlů LubošBorůvka.ondřej Drábek Antonín Nikodem Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection Faculty of AgrobiologyFood and Natural ResourcesCzech University of Life Sciences PraguePragueCzechia

To elucidate the dynamics of aluminium(Al),an element potentially toxic and strongly aff ected by acidifi cation processes,in soils,we selected two regions that were similar in relief,soil types,and vegetation cover but diff ered markedly in their history of acid precipitation:the JizerskéMountains(anthropogenically acidifi ed)and the NovohradskéMountains(naturally acidifi ed)in the Czech *** levels of Al forms(exchangeable and organically bound)associated with diff erent environmental impacts were measured and univalent,divalent and trivalent Al species were quantifi ed using HPLC/*** and organically bound Al concentrations were higher in the anthropogenically acidifi ed *** the concentrations of the leastdangerous species,the univalent,in organic soil horizons were similar for both *** concentrations of exchangeable Al forms were correlated with Ca concentrations and with pH in the organic *** known relationship of Al with soil pH was stronger in the mineral *** of exchangeable Al forms concentrations with sulphur concentrations or even more with the sulphur calcium molar ratio were found only in the JizerskéMountains,not in the Novohradské.Generally,the obtained results support the hypothesis that mechanisms diff ered between natural and anthropogenic acidifi cation.

关键词： Soil acidifi cation Spruce forest Soil properties Aluminium forms Aluminium species

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