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Unconfined compressive strength and failure behaviour of completely weathered granite from a fault zone

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第6期21卷 2140-2158页

作者： DU Shaohua ma Jinyin ma Liyao ZHAo Yaqian School of Civil engineering and Architecture Henan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyang 471023China School of Resources and safety engineering Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China China Railway 18th Bureau Group Co. LtdTianjin 300222 China China General nuclear Power Corporation Shenzhen 518031China

Understanding the strength characteristics and deformation behaviour of the tunnel surrounding rock in a fault zone is significant for tunnel stability *** this study,a series of unconfined compression tests were conducted to investigate the mechanical characteristics and failure behaviour of completely weathered granite(CWG)from a fault zone,considering with height-diameter(h/d)ratio,dry densities(ρd)and moisture contents(ω).Based on the experimental results,a regression mathematical model of unconfined compressive strength(UCS)for CWG was developed using the Multiple nonlinear Regression method(MnLR).The research results indicated that the UCS of the specimen with a h/d ratio of 0.6 decreased with the increase ofω.When the h/d ratio increased to 1.0,the UCS increasedωwith up to 10.5%and then ***ρd is conducive to the improvement of the UCS at anyω.The deformation and rupture process as well as final failure modes of the specimen are controlled by h/d ratio,ρd andω,and the h/d ratio is the dominant factor affecting the final failure mode,followed byωandρ*** specimens with different h/d ratio exhibited completely different fracture mode,i.e.,typical splitting failure(h/d=0.6)and shear failure(h/d=1.0).By comparing the experimental results,this regression model for predicting UCS is accurate and reliable,and the h/d ratio is the dominant factor affecting the UCS of CWG,followed byρd and thenω.These findings provide important references for maintenance of the tunnel crossing other fault fractured zones,especially at low confining pressure or unconfined condition.

关键词： fault fracture zone Completely weathered granite(CWG) Unconfined compression strength(UCS) Multiple nonlinear regression model

Mitigate noisy data for smart IoT via GAn based machine unlearning

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第3期67卷 62-78页

作者： Zhuo ma Yilong YAnG Yang LIU Xinjing LIU Jianfeng ma School of Cyber engineering Xidian University State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services networks (ISn)

With the development of IoT applications, machine learning dramatically improves the utility of variable IoT systems such as autonomous driving. Although the pretrain-finetune framework can cope well with data heterogeneity in complex IoT scenarios, the data collected by sensors often contain unexpected noisy data, e.g., out-of-distribution(ooD) data, which leads to the reduced performance of fine-tuned models. To resolve the problem, this paper proposes Mu GAn, a method that can mitigate the side-effect of ooD data via the generative adversarial network(GAn)-based machine unlearning. Mu GAn follows a straightforward but effective idea to mitigate the performance loss caused by ooD data, i.e., “flashbacking” the model to the condition where ooD data are excluded from model training. To achieve the goal, we design an adversarial game, where a discriminator is trained to identify whether a sample belongs to the training set by observing the confidence score. Meanwhile, a generator(i.e., the target model) is updated to fool the discriminator into believing that the ooD data are not included in the training set but others do. The experimental results show that benefiting from the high unlearning rate(more than 90%) and retention rate(99%), Mu GAn succeeds in lowering the model performance degradation caused by ooD data from 5.88% to 0.8%.

关键词： machine unlearning generative adversarial network out of distribution data Internet of Thing neural network

enhancing capacitive deionization performance and cyclic stability of nitrogen-doped activated carbon by the electro-oxidation of anode materials

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Chinese Journal of Chemical engineering 2024年第5期69卷 23-33页

作者： Xiaona Liu Baohua Zhao Yanyun Hu Luyue Huang Jingxiang ma Shuqiao Xu Zhonglin Xia Xiaoying ma Shuangchen ma School of environmental Science and engineering North China Electric Power UniversityBaoding 071003China Huadian Zhengzhou machinery Design and Research Institute Co. LtdZhengzhou 450002China Huadian Inner Mongolia energy Co. Ltd.Baotou Power Generation BranchBaotou 014013China

electrode materials with high desalination capacity and long-term cyclic stability are the focus of capacitive deionization(CDI) community. Understanding the causes of performance decay in traditional carbons is crucial to design a high-performance material. Based on this, here, nitrogen-doped activated carbon(nAC) was prepared by pyrolyzing the blend of activated carbon powder(ACP) and melamine for the positive electrode of asymmetric CDI. By comparing the indicators changes such as conductivity, salt adsorption capacity, pH, and charge efficiency of the symmetrical ACP-ACP device to the asymmetric ACP-nAC device under different CDI cycles, as well as the changes of the electrochemical properties of anode and cathode materials after long-term operation, the reasons for the decline of the stability of the CDI performance were revealed. It was found that the carboxyl functional groups generated by the electro-oxidation of anode carbon materials make the anode zero-charge potential(e_(pzc)) shift positively,which results in the uneven distribution of potential windows of CDI units and affects the adsorption capacity. Furthermore, by understanding the electron density on C atoms surrounding the n atoms, we attribute the increased cyclic stability to the enhanced negativity of the charge of carbon atoms adjacent to quaternary-n and pyridinic-oxide-n.

关键词： Anodic oxidation Capacitive deionization Cyclic stability n-doping

effects of baffle position in serpentine flow channel on the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells

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Chinese Journal of Chemical engineering 2024年第5期69卷 250-262页

作者： Guodong Xia Xiaoya Zhang Dandan ma Moe Key Laboratory of enhanced Heat Transfer and energy Conservation Beijing Key Laboratory of Heat Transfer and Energy ConversionBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing 100124China

This study used a three-dimensional numerical model of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell with five types of channels:a smooth channel(Case 1);eight rectangular baffles were arranged in the upstream(Case 2),midstream(Case 3),downstream(Case 4),and the entire cathode flow channel(Case 5)to study the effects of baffle position on mass transport,power density,net power,***,the effects of back pressure and humidity on the voltage were *** showed that compared to smooth channels,the oxygen and water transport facilitation at the diffusion layer-channel interface were added 11.53%-20.60%and 7.81%-9.80%at 1.68 A·cm^(-2)by adding *** closer the baffles were to upstream,the higher the total oxygen flux,but the lower the flux uniformity the worse the water *** oxygen flux of upstream baffles was 8.14%higher than that of downstream baffles,but oxygen flux uniformity decreased by 18.96%at 1.68 A·cm^(-2).The order of water removal and voltage improvement was Case 4>Case 5>Case 3>Case 2>Case *** power of Case 4 was 9.87%higher than that of the smooth *** the Case 4,when the cell worked under low back pressure or high humidity,the voltage increments were *** potential increment for the back pressure of 0 atm was 0.9%higher than that of 2 atm(1 atm=101.325 kPa).The potential increment for the humidity of 100%was 7.89%higher than that of 50%.

关键词： Proton exchange membrane fuel cell Baffle position mass transfer net power Uniformity Voltage increment

Measuring Financial Systemic risk:net Liability Clearing Mechanism and Contagion effect

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2024年第3期37卷 1114-1146页

作者： ma Jiali ZHU Shushang LI Duan College of Big Data Statistics Guizhou University of Finance and EconomicsGuiyang 550025China School of Business Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China School of Data Science City University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China

Following the framework of e-n model(eisenberg and noe,2001),the authors consider a new clearing mechanism based on net liabilities among financial institutions since the liabilities between the counterparties should be deducted accordingly when clearing in *** the basis for systemic risk measurement,similar to the original e-n model,the authors first establish some good properties for the clearing payment vector according to a more general ***,the authors investigate how risk spreads among institutions through the liability network forming the risk contagion ***,the authors illustrate with a specific example that the original e-n clearing mechanism may misidentify the systemic important institutions,and theoretically show that it may also overestimate the risk compared with the netting clearing mechanism.

关键词： Clearing mechanism contagion net liability network systemic risk

Impact of Polymer ma.rix on Polymer Mechanochromism from excited State Intramolecular Proton Transfer

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2024年第6期42卷 611-616页

作者： Yu Wu Xin Cheng Huan Hu Shui Hu Zhimin ma Zhiyong ma Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft matter Science and engineering Beijing State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic CompositesCollege of Chemical EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029 China Center of Advanced elastomer materials College of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029 China College of engineering Peking UniversityBeijing100871 China

Mechanochromic polymers based on non-covalent changes have attracted much attention ***,we report the impact of inter/intramolecular hydrogen bonds on polymer mechanochromism from the excited state intramolecular proton transfer (eSIPT) ***-nH2-oH and PhMz=2A are designed and obtained by simple and high-yield synthesis,and are connected into polyurethane and poly(methyl acrylate-co-2-ethylhexyl acrylate),*** the initial state,the PhMz-nH2-oH@PU sample shows blue fluorescence from the excited enol form (e*) excitons,owing to intermolecular hydrogen bonds that interrupt the eSIPT reactions but the PhMz=2A@Pma-2-eA sample expresses cyan fluorescence belonging to the excited keto form (K*) emission,implying that the intramolecular hydrogen bonds ***,under stretching,external force can tune the emission of the PhMz=2A@Pma-2-eA sample from K* to e* *** external force can putatively still promote a bond rotation,eSIPT reactions remain equivalently interrupted in both the relaxed and stressed states in a hydrogen-bond donating *** calculation confirms the force-induced increase in dihedral angle for the transition of eSIPT-on/***,PhMz-nH2-oH@PU and PhMz=2A@Pma-2-eA showed disparate initial eSIPT states and further different responses/sensitivity to *** study reports a novel and efficient strategy for enriching mechanochromic investigation and extending the applications of eSIPT reactions.

关键词： Polymer mechanochromism excited state intramolecular proton transfer Hydrogen bonding Supramolecular chemistry elastomers

fast source mask co-optimization method for high-nA eUV lithography

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opto-electronic Advances 2024年第4期7卷 44-54页

作者： Ziqi Li Lisong Dong Xu ma Yayi Wei eDA Center Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Imaging Technology and System of Ministry of education of China School of Optics and PhotonicsBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Guangdong Greater Bay Area Applied Research Institute of Integrated Circuit and Systems Guangzhou 510700China

extreme ultraviolet(eUV)lithography with high numerical aperture(nA)is a future technology to manufacture the integrated circuit in sub-nanometer ***,source mask co-optimization(SMo)is an extensively used approach for advanced lithography process beyond 28 nm technology *** work proposes a novel SMo method to improve the image fidelity of high-nA eUV lithography system.A fast high-nA eUV lithography imaging model is established first,which includes the effects of mask three-dimensional structure and anamorphic ***,this paper develops an efficient SMo method that combines the gradient-based mask optimization algorithm and the compressivesensing-based source optimization algorithm.A mask rule check(MRC)process is further proposed to simplify the optimized mask *** illustrate that the proposed SMo method can significantly reduce the lithography patterning error,and maintain high computational efficiency.

关键词： computational lithography high-nA eUV lithography source-mask co-optimization lithography imaging model

Memristive oscillator to memristive map,energy characteristic

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2024年第5期67卷 1567-1578页

作者： GUo YiTong ma Jun ZHAnG XiaoFeng HU XiKui College of electrical and Information engineering Lanzhou University of TechnologyLanzhou730050China Department of Physics Lanzhou University of TechnologyLanzhou730050China School of Science Chongqing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsChongqing400065China

Most of nonlinear oscillators composed of capacitive and inductive variables can obtain the Hamilton energy by using the Helmholtz theorem when the models are rewritten in equivalent vector *** energy functions for biophysical neurons can be obtained by applying scale transformation on the physical field energy in their equivalent neural *** dynamical systems often have exact energy functions,while some mathematical models just suggest generic Lyapunov functions,and the energy function is effective to predict mode *** this paper,a memristive oscillator is approached by two kinds of memristor-based nonlinear circuits,and the energy functions are defined to predict the dependence of oscillatory modes on energy *** absence of capacitive variable for capacitor,the physical time t and charge q are converted into dimensionless variables by using combination of resistance and inductance(L,R),e.g.,τ=t×R/*** energy function for each memristive map is proposed by applying the similar weights as energy function for the memristive *** example,energy function for the map is obtained by replacing the variables and parameters of the memristive oscillator with corresponding variables and parameters for the memristive *** memristive map prefers to keep lower average energy than the memristive oscillator,and chaos is generated in a discrete system with two *** scheme is helpful for energy definition in maps,and it provides possible guidance for verifying the reliability of maps by considering the energy characteristic.

关键词： Hamilton energy memristor Helmholtz theorem scale transformation memristive circuit

optoGPT: A foundation model for inverse design in optical multilayer thin film structures

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opto-electronic Advances 2024年第7期7卷 4-16页

作者： Taigao ma Haozhu Wang L.Jay Guo Department of Physics University of MichiganAnn ArborMichigan 48109USA Department of electrical engineering and Computer Science University of MichiganAnn ArborMichigan 48109USA

optical multilayer thin film structures have been widely used in numerous photonic ***,existing inverse design methods have many drawbacks because they either fail to quickly adapt to different design targets,or are difficult to suit for different types of structures,e.g.,designing for different materials at each *** methods also cannot accommodate versatile design situations under different angles and *** addition,how to benefit practical fabrications and manufacturing has not been extensively considered *** this work,we introduce optoGPT(opto Generative Pretrained Transformer),a decoder-only transformer,to solve all these drawbacks and issues simultaneously.

关键词： multilayer thin film structure inverse design foundation models deep learning structural color