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The WHO 2021 thymoma classification:a work in progress

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Journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment 2022年第1期8卷 538-552页

作者： saul suster Department of Pathology Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI 53226USA

The updated,recently published 2021 WHO classification of thymic tumors incorporates the most recent advances in the field of thymic pathology,with particular emphasis on primary thymic epithelial *** new edition retains the basic format of previous editions for the classification of primary thymic epithelial neoplasms reaffirming the schema originally proposed in the first edition,which utilized a combination of letters and numbers for the designation of these *** minimal changes have been incorporated in the new edition compared with the previous ones.A new helpful feature is a summary in each chapter of recommendations for“essential”and“desirable”criteria to facilitate the diagnosis.A few issues in this classification,however,still require *** this review,the changes and advances in the classification of thymoma presented in the latest WHO book on Thoracic Tumors will be reviewed along with some of the areas that may still benefit from the additional investigation.

关键词： Thymoma WHO classification thymic epithelial neoplasms atypical thymoma

Presence and role of stem cells in ovarian cancer

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World Journal of stem Cells 2019年第7期11卷 383-397页

作者： Natasa Kenda suster Irma Virant-Klun Department of Gynecology Division of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity Medical Centre LjubljanaLjubljana 1000Slovenia Department of Human Reproduction Division of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity Medical Centre LjubljanaLjubljana 1000Slovenia

Ovarian cancer is the deadliest gynecological *** is typically diagnosed at advanced stages of the disease,with metastatic sites disseminated widely within the abdominal *** cancer treatment is challenging due to high disease recurrence and further complicated pursuant to acquired *** stem cell(CsC)theory proposes that both tumor development and progression are driven by undifferentiated stem cells capable of self-renewal and *** most recent evidence revealed that CsCs in terms of ovarian cancer are not only responsible for primary tumor growth,metastasis and relapse of disease,but also for the development of *** the elimination of this cell population is critical for increasing treatment success,a deeper understanding of ovarian CsCs pathobiology,including epithelial-mesenchymal transition,signaling pathways and tumor microenvironment,is ***,before introducing new therapeutic agents for ovarian cancer,targeting CsCs,accurate identification of different ovarian stem cell subpopulations,including the very small embryoniclike stem cells suggested as progenitors,is *** these ends,reliable markers of ovarian CsCs should be *** this review,we present the current knowledge and a critical discussion concerning ovarian CsCs and their clinical role.

关键词： Ovarian cancer Cancer stem cells Very small embryonic-like stem cells Epithelial-mesenchymal transition

GRK5 is an essential co-repressor of the cardiac mineralocorticoid receptor and is selectively induced by finerenone

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World Journal of Cardiology 2022年第4期14卷 220-230页

作者： Celina M Pollard ma.ka.s suster Natalie Cora Alexandra M Carbone Anastasios Lymperopoulos Laboratory for the study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences(Pharmacology)College of PharmacyNova Southeastern UniversityFort LauderdaleFL 33328-2018United States

BACKGROUND In the heart,aldosterone(Aldo)binds the mineralocorticoid receptor(MR)to exert damaging,adverse remodeling-promoting *** recently showed that G protein-coupled receptor-kinase(GRK)-5 blocks the cardiac MR by directly phosphorylating it,thereby repressing its transcriptional *** antagonist(MRA)drugs block the cardiac MR reducing morbidity and mortality of advanced human heart ***-steroidal MRAs,such as finerenone,may provide better cardio-protection against Aldo than classic,steroidal MRAs,like spironolactone and *** To investigate potential differences between finerenone and eplerenone at engaging GRK5-dependent cardiac MR phosphorylation and subsequent *** We used H9c2 cardiomyocytes,which endogenously express the MR and *** GRK5 phosphorylates the MR in H9c2 cardiomyocytes in response to finerenone but not to *** eplerenone,finerenone alone potently and efficiently suppresses cardiac MR transcriptional activity,thus displaying inverse ***5 is necessary for finerenone’s inverse agonism,since GRK5 genetic deletion renders finerenone incapable of blocking cardiac MR transcriptional *** alone does not fully suppress cardiac MR basal activity regardless of GRK5 expression ***,GRK5 is necessary for the antiapoptotic,anti-oxidative,and anti-fibrotic effects of both finerenone and eplerenone against Aldo,as well as for the higher efficacy and potency of finerenone at blocking Aldo-induced apoptosis,oxidative stress,and *** Finerenone,but not eplerenone,induces GRK5-dependent cardiac MR inhibition,which underlies,at least in part,its higher potency and efficacy,compared to eplerenone,as an MRA in the ***5 acts as a co-repressor of the cardiac MR and is essential for efficient MR antagonism in the myocardium.

关键词： Aldosterone Cardiac myocyte Finerenone G protein-coupled receptor kinase-5 Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist signal transduction

Molecular pathology of thymoma and thymic carcinoma

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Journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment 2022年第1期8卷 422-432页

作者： David I.suster malay Kumar Basu A.Craig mackinnon Department of Pathology Rutgers University New Jersey Medical SchoolNewarkNJ 07103USA Department of Pathology University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL 35233USA

Thymic epithelial tumors(TETs)comprise a heterogeneous group of epithelial-derived thymic neoplasms with diverse clinical behavior and underlying molecular genetic *** to their rare nature,the molecular classification of TETs has only recently begun to be fully *** advent of advanced molecular studies,particularly the ability to sequence the DNA and RNA of tumors in a massively parallel fashion,has led to an increased understanding of the molecular underpinnings of thymic ***,characterized by a heterogeneous group of molecular alterations,tend to have low mutational burdens and various copy number abnormalities including a characteristic loss of chromosomal material in the region of 6q25.2-p25.3,a recurrent,specific point mutation GTF2I p.L424H,and specific expression of certain *** carcinomas,in contrast,are generally characterized by increased tumor mutational burdens,multiple copy number alterations,and varied,non-recurrent,somatic *** in molecular knowledge of TETs allow for more precise molecular classification of these tumors,and the presence of specific alterations aids in the diagnosis of borderline *** the future,additional molecular studies will better delineate the molecular landscape of these tumors and may one day allow for more targeted treatment *** review aims to cover the current understanding of the molecular alterations thus far identified in thymomas and thymic carcinomas.

关键词： Thymoma thymic carcinoma GTF2I molecular genetics

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投资和创业应着眼脚下而非长远

新领军 2011年第3期 18-19页

作者： mark suster

对投资者来说重要的是创业者们会在多大程度上按照计划来发展，因为投资者不会真正的忙于产品的开发。

关键词：投资者创业者贷款电子银行

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没钱怎么做公关

公关世界 2015年第5期 40-43页

作者： mark suster

公关有多重要?本文作者罗列了公关所能带来的隐形福利,并在本篇文章中抛出攻略,传授了"没钱如何做公关"的独家经验。在我们研究具体"怎么做"之前,先来看看如何打好公关活动的基础——把握恰当的公关时点。对的公关时点什么时候是开始公... 详细信息

公关有多重要?本文作者罗列了公关所能带来的隐形福利,并在本篇文章中抛出攻略,传授了"没钱如何做公关"的独家经验。在我们研究具体"怎么做"之前,先来看看如何打好公关活动的基础——把握恰当的公关时点。对的公关时点什么时候是开始公关活动的最佳时机呢?笔者认为,在产品开发完成,或者说已经大体设计出来的时候,才适合针对产品展开公关活动。当然,在目前火热的众筹平台上,有很多团队选择了边推广边筹钱、边开发边完善产品。但不管怎

关键词：公关公司媒体新闻众筹时点创业者公关人员

CDK5 in RNA Biology:New Clues that may Underlie Neuronal and Glial Diseases

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神经药理学报 2019年第Z1期 16-17页

作者： Andrew Bankston Izabela suster Megan Allen LI Wen-qi KU Li YAO Bing FENG Yue Emory University Pharmacology and Chemical Biology

Cyclin-dependent kinase 5(CDK5) plays key roles in governing normal neuronal development and synaptic function though phosphorylation of serine and threonine residues on diverse protein targets. Emerging evidence also revealed that tightly controlled CDK5 activity is also crucial for the development of oligodendrocytes(OLs) and myelinogenesis,which provide protection and trophic support to brain neurons. Aberrant activation of CDK5 contributes to the pathogenesis of an increasing list of brain disorders,including Alzheimer's disease,stroke,schizophrenia,and epilepsy. However,molecular mechanisms that control CDK5 activity and its downstream effectors in neurons and OLs still remain vastly elusive. Activation of CDK5 depends on the available amounts of p35 or p39,two distinct non-cyclin protein activators. Our recent studies identified distinct mechanisms that regulate CDK5 activators in neurons and OLs during brain development. Here we report posttranscriptional mechanisms that control CDK5 activity in postnatal brain neurons and OLs by a functional interplay of RNA-binding proteins and microRNAs implicated in Alzheimer's disease and intellectual disability. Moreover,we discovered that CDK5-dependnent phosphorylation of RNA-binding proteins controls mRNA homeostasis and non-coding RNA biogenesis,including microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs in human neurons and OLs. These results provide the first evidence connecting CDK5 function with regulation of coding and non-coding transcriptome,which revealed new clues for CDK5 pathway function in normal and diseased brains.

关键词： CDK5 in RNA Biology:New Clues that may Underlie Neuronal and Glial Diseases RNA

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纵隔肿物活检小标本的获取与病理报告指南

中国肺癌杂志 2014年第2期17卷 104-109页

作者：付浩中国胸腺瘤协作组全体成员 Alberto marchevsky Alex marx Philipp strobel saul suster Federico Venuta Mirella marino samuel Yousem maureen Zakowski 北京大学肿瘤医院 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Cedars Sinai Medical Center Department of Pathology University Medical Center Mannheim Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Medical College of Wisconsin Department of Thoracic surgery University of Rome La Sapienza Department of Pathology Regina Elena National Cancer Institute Department of Pathology UPMC Presbyterian University Hospital Department of Pathology Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

目前，胸腺恶性肿瘤治疗方案大多是根据术后病理确定，然而，多数临床治疗决策需要在术前通过活检小标本的病理报告来制定。所以，术前活检小标本的正确获取和病理解读对治疗决策的制定显得非常重要[1]。这些标本包括细针活检标本，带... 详细信息

目前，胸腺恶性肿瘤治疗方案大多是根据术后病理确定，然而，多数临床治疗决策需要在术前通过活检小标本的病理报告来制定。所以，术前活检小标本的正确获取和病理解读对治疗决策的制定显得非常重要[1]。这些标本包括细针活检标本，带芯穿刺活检标本和手术切取活检标本[2-7]。由于胸腺肿瘤的病理诊断对组织的获取方法和获取量都有较高的要求，加之对病理的描述也没有统一的标准，使得小标本在诊断胸腺瘤方面存在诸多问题。为此，ITMIG在病理科医生和外科医生回顾相关文献和提出初步建议的基础上，经集体讨论制定了活检规范操作流程，提出了对纵隔肿物小活检标本处理和病理报告的建议。旨在为术前患者的治疗提供一个统一和具有循证医学证据的方法；同时，将有利于全球数据之间的比较和开展合作研究，充分利用医疗资源。

关键词：肿物活检术后病理纵隔肿物小标本报告指南肿瘤治疗方案活检标本循证医学证据

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外科医生和病理医生对胸腺恶性肿瘤切除标本的处理方法和程序

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中国肺癌杂志 2014年第2期17卷 95-103页

作者：付浩中国胸腺瘤协作组全体成员 Frank C.Detterbeck Cesar Moran James Huang saul suster Garrett Walsh Lawrence kaiser mark Wick 北京大学肿瘤医院 Division of Thoracic surgery Deportment of SurgeryYale University School of Medicine Department of surgery Thoracic ServiceUniversity of TexasMD Anderson Cancer Center Department of Pathology Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Department of Pathology Medical College of Wisconsin Department of Thoracic and Cardio-vascular surgery University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UT Health science Center Department of Pathology University of Virginia Health System

胸腺恶性肿瘤发病率低，临床病例分散，需要结合多中心经验才能进行良好的研究，但由于在诸多方面没有统一标准，使得研究与研究之间的可比性差。其中外科医生和病理医生对胸腺恶性肿瘤切除标本的处理是统一标准中至关重要的部分。针对... 详细信息

胸腺恶性肿瘤发病率低，临床病例分散，需要结合多中心经验才能进行良好的研究，但由于在诸多方面没有统一标准，使得研究与研究之间的可比性差。其中外科医生和病理医生对胸腺恶性肿瘤切除标本的处理是统一标准中至关重要的部分。针对目前胸腺瘤的常用手术方式胸骨劈开根治性R0切除术的标本处理作如下规定，包括切除胸腺瘤及周围的受累结构说明如何处理手术切除标本。活检或细胞学标本的处理另文描述[1]。本文首先由国际胸腺肿瘤协作组织（International hTymic malignacy Interest Group, ITMIG）中病理医生和外科医生组成的小组回顾相关文献形成初步建议[2,3]，交扩展组审议提炼后分发给ITMIG成员进讨论，再将ITMIG成员回馈的建议和几个大中心试点的情况进行提炼，最终形成的建议经ITMIG批准并被采用。因此，既强调证据又代表ITMIG成员的广泛共识。

关键词：手术切除标本恶性肿瘤病理医生外科医生胸腺瘤程序统一标准细胞学标本

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