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Cancer organoids:A platform in basic and translational research

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第2期11卷 614-632页

作者： Xin ma Qin Wang Guozheng Li Hui Li Shouping Xu da Pang Department of Breast Surgery Harbin Medical University Cancer HospitalHarbinHeilongjiang 150081China Sino-Russian Medical Research Center Harbin Medical University Cancer HospitalHarbinHeilongjiang 150081China Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences HarbinHeilongjiang 150086China Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China) College of Pharmacy of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinHeilongjiang 150086China

An accumulation of previous work has established organoids as good preclinical models of human tumors,facilitating translation from basic research to clinical *** are changing the paradigm of preclinical cancer research because they can recapitulate the heterogeneity and pathophysiology of human cancers and more closely approximate the complex tissue environment and structure found in clinical tumors than in vitro cell lines and animal ***,the potential applications of cancer organoids remain to be comprehensively *** the review,we firstly describe what is currently known about cancer organoid culture and then discuss in depth the basic mechanisms,including tumorigenesis and tumor metastasis,and describe recent advances in patient-derived tumor organoids(PDOs)for drug screening and immunological ***,the present challenges faced by organoid technology in clinical practice and its prospects are *** review highlights that organoids may offer a novel therapeutic strategy for cancer research.

关键词： Drug assays Immunotherapy Mechanism research Organoids Precision medicine

Effect of Mn content on microstructure and properties of AlCrCuFeMnx high-entropy alloy

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China Foundry 2024年第2期21卷 147-158页

作者： Ning Wang Kai ma Qiu-da Li Yu-dong Yuan Yan-chun Zhao Li Feng School of materials Science and Engineering Lanzhou University of TechnologyLanzhou 730050China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Reuse of Nonferrous Metals Lanzhou 730050China CNNC Nuclear Power Operation and management Co. Ltd.Haiyan 314300ZhejiangChina

AlCrCuFeMnx(x=0,0.5,1,1.5,and 2)high-entropy alloys were prepared using the vacuum arc melting *** microstructure and mechanical properties of AlCrCuFeMnxwere analyzed and tested by XRD,SEM,TEM,nanoindentation,and electronic universal *** results indicate that the AlCrCuFeMnxhigh-entropy alloy exhibits a dendritic structure,consisting of dendrites with a BCC structure,interdendrite regions with an FCC structure,and precipitates with an ordered BCC structure that form within the ***(Mn)has a strong affinity for dendritic,interdendritic,and precipitate structures,allowing it to easily enter these *** an increase in Mn content,the size of the precipitated nanoparticles in the dendritic region initially increases and then ***,the area fraction initially decreases and then ***,the alloy’s strength and wear resistance decrease,while its plasticity *** Al Cr Cu Fe Mn1.5alloy boasts excellent mechanical properties,including a hardness of 360 HV and a wear rate of 2.4×10^(-5)mm^(3)·N^(-1)·mm^(-1).It also exhibits impressive yield strength,compressive strength,and deformation rates of 960 MPa,1,700 MPa,and 27.5%,respectively.

关键词： high-entropy alloys microstructure mechanical properties wear resistance strengthening mechanisms

Efficient privacy-preserving federated learning under dishonest-majority setting

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第5期67卷 323-324页

作者： Yinbin MIAO da KUANG Xinghua LI Tao LENG Ximeng LIU Jianfeng ma School of Cyber Engineering Xidian University Intelligent Policing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Sichuan Police College Institute of Information Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Cyber Security University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Information Security of Network Systems Fuzhou University

Federated learning(FL) is an emerging distributed learning paradigm that solves the problem of isolated data by jointly learning the global model through distributed ***, recent studies have shown that FL may not always guarantee sufficient privacy preservation, this is mainly because the model parameters(e.g., weights or gradients)may leak sensitive information to malicious adversaries.

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Geochemical Anomalies Identified by Multifractal Modeling: Implications for Mineral Exploration in the Ziyoutun Cu-Au District, Jilin Province, China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2024年第4期98卷 1111-1124页

作者： ma Huchao WANG da BAI Feng LIU Meng GONG Anzhou HU Haiyan State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources School of Earth Sciences and ResourcesChina University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China School of Gemmology China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China Guizhou Nengda Electric Power Design Co. Ltd.Guiyang 550002China Chongqing Chuandongnan Survey&Design Institute Co. Ltd.Chongqing 400038China

The Ziyoutun Cu-Au district is located in the Jizhong–Yanbian Metallogenic Belt and possesses excellent prospects. However, the thick regolith and complex tectonic settings present challenges in terms of detecting and decomposition of weak geochemical anomalies. To address this challenge, we initially conducted a comprehensive analysis of 1:10,000-scale soil geochemical data. This analysis included multivariate statistical techniques, such as correlation analysis, R-mode cluster analysis, Q–Q plots and factor analysis. Subsequently, we decomposed the geochemical anomalies, identifying weak anomalies using spectrum-area modeling and local singularity analysis. The results indicate that the assemblage of Au-Cu-Bi-As-Sb represents the mineralization at Ziyoutun. In comparison to conventional methods, spectrumarea modeling and local singularity analysis outperform in terms of identification of anomalies. Ultimately, we considered four specific target areas(a.01, a.02, a.03 and a.04) for future exploration, based on geochemical anomalies and favorable geological factors. Within a.01 and a.02, the geochemical anomalies suggest potential mineralization at depth, whereas in a.03 and a.04 the surface anomalies require additional geological investigation. Consequently, we recommend conducting drilling, following more extensive surface fieldwork, at the first two targets and verifying surface anomalies in the last two targets. We anticipate these findings will significantly enhance future exploration in Ziyoutun.

关键词： geochemical anomalies multivariate statistical analysis spectrum-area model local singularity analysis mineral prospecting Jilin Province

Existence of long-range magnetic order in Heisenberg spin nanoribbons with edge modification

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第7期76卷 136-146页

作者： da-cheng ma Ling-yi Cui Chu-xiao Sun Xiao-dan Chi Zheng-Nan XianYu An Du College of Science Northeastern University Department of Basic Science Dalian Naval Academy Department of Physics College of Sciences Shenyang University of Chemical Technology National Frontiers Science Center for Industrial Intelligence and Systems Optimization Northeastern University Key Laboratory of data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry(Northeastern University) Ministry of Education

Long-range magnetic order appears on a side decorated Heisenberg spin nanoribbon at nonzero temperature, although no spontaneous magnetization exists in a one-or two-dimensional isotropic Heisenberg model at any nonzero temperature according to the Mermin–Wagner theorem. By use of the spin Green's function method, we calculated the magnetizations of Heisenberg nanoribbons decorated by side spins with single-ion anisotropy and found that the system exhibits a nonzero transition temperature, whether the decorated edge spins of the system link together or separate from each other. When the width of the nanoribbon achieves infinite limit, the transition temperatures of the system tend to the same finite constant eventually whether one edge or both edges are decorated by side spins in the nanoribbon. The results reveal that the magnetism of a low-dimensional spin system is different from that of a three-dimensional spin system. When the single-ion anisotropy of edge spins in a Heisenberg spin nanoribbon can be modulated by an electric field experimentally, various useful long-range magnetic orders of the system can be obtained. This work can provide a detailed theoretical basis for designing and fabricating next-generation low-dimensional magnetic random-access memory.

关键词： Heisenberg model long-range magnetic order magnetic anisotropy Nanoribbon transition temperature

Simultaneous Bulk-and Surface-initiated Living Polymerization Studied with a Heterogeneous Stochastic Reaction Model

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2024年第3期42卷 364-372,I0008页

作者： Jia-Shu ma Zhi-Ning Huang Jia-Hao Li Bang-Ping Jiang Yan-da Liao Shi-Chen Ji Xing-Can Shen State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources(Ministry of Education of China)School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesGuangxi Normal UniversityGuilin 541004China School of Computer Science and Engineering&School of Software Guangxi Normal UniversityGuilin 541004China

To better characterize the properties of surface-initiated polymers, simultaneous bulk-and surface-initiated polymerizations are usually carried out by assuming that the properties of the surface-initiated polymers resemble those of the bulk-initiated polymers. Through a Monte Carlo simulation using a heterogeneous stochastic reaction model, it was discovered that the bulk-initiated polymers exhibit a higher molecular weight and a lower dispersity than the corresponding surface-initiated polymers, which indicates that the equivalent assumption is invalid. Furthermore, the molecular weight distributions of the two types of polymers are also different, suggesting different polymerization mechanisms. The results can be simply explained by the heterogeneous distributions of reactants in the system. This study is helpful to better understand surface-initiated polymerization.

关键词： Surface-initiated polymerization Polymer brush Stochastic reaction model Heterogeneous polymerization Simultaneous polymerization

Sulfation of chondroitin and bile acids converges to antagonize Wnt/β-catenin signaling and inhibit APC deficiency-induced gut tumorigenesis

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第3期14卷 1241-1256页

作者： Pengfei Xu Yue Xi Jong-Won Kim Junjie Zhu Min Zhang Meishu Xu Songrong Ren da Yang Xiaochao ma Wen Xie Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of PittsburghPittsburghPA 15261USA Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversitySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan 430071China Department of Pharmacology&Chemical Biology University of PittsburghPittsburghPA 15261USA

Sulfation is a crucial and prevalent conjugation reaction involved in cellular processes and mammalian physiology.3’-Phosphoadenosine 5’-phosphosulfate(PAPS)synthase 2(PAPSS2)is the primary enzyme to generate the universal sulfonate donor *** involvement of PAPSS2-mediated sulfation in adenomatous polyposis coli(APC)mutation-promoted colonic carcinogenesis has not been ***,we showed that the expression of PAPSS2 was decreased in human colon tumors along with cancer stages,and the lower expression of PAPSS2 was correlated with poor prognosis in advanced colon *** epithelial-specific heterozygous Apc deficient and Papss2-knockout(Apc^(Δgut-Het)Papss2^(Δgut))mice were created,and the phenotypes were compared to the spontaneous intestinal tumorigenesis of Apc^(Δgut-Het)***^(Δgut-Het)Papss2^(Δgutmice) were more sensitive to gut tumorigenesis,which was mechanistically accounted for by the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway due to the suppression of chondroitin sulfation and inhibition of the farnesoid X receptor(FXR)-transducin-like enhancer of split 3(TLE3)gene regulatory *** sulfate supplementation in Apc^(Δgut-Het)Papss2^(Δgutmice) alleviated intestinal *** summary,we have uncovered the protective role of PAPSS2-mediated chondroitin sulfation and bile acids-FXR-TLE3 activation in the prevention of gut carcinogenesis via the antagonization of Wnt/β-catenin *** sulfate may be explored as a therapeutic agent for Papss2 deficiency-associated colonic carcinogenesis.

关键词： Colon cancer APC Wnt/b-catenin PAPSS2 Chondroitin sulfate Sulfation Bile acids FXR

Effect of Guanxin danshen Dripping Pills on Coronary Heart Disease Comorbid with Depression or Anxiety: The ADECODE-Real World Study

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第5期30卷 443-448页

作者： WU Shi-hao SHI Wei-qi LI Yu-hang LIU Ru-hui HU da-yi ZHENG Li-qiang ma Wen-lin Department of Geriatric Medicine Tongji HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai 200065China Department of Cardiology Tongji HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai 200065China Department of Cardiology Peking University People's HospitalBeijing 100044China School of Public Health Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030China

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of Guanxin danshen Dripping Pill(GXDSDP) in treating anxiety and depression in patients with coronary heart disease(CHD). Methods: A total of 1,428 patients diagnosed with CHD screened for anxiety, depression, and quality of life(QOL) at baseline received 0.4 g of GXDSDP treatment 3 times per day and returned for monthly reassessment. Patients were recruited after stable treatment for CHD and received assessment of General Anxiety Disorder-7(GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire-9(PHQ-9), and Seattle Angina Questionnaire(SAQ) for evaluating anxiety, depression, and *** were followed up 3 times, once every 4 weeks, during outpatient visits for 12 weeks. Results: At the third follow-up(F3), the anxiety symptom of 63.79%(673/1,055) of the patients improved to sub-clinical level, and the GAD-7 score improved significantly(8.11 vs. 3.87, Pmay be a potential treatment option for CHD patients comorbid with anxiety or depression.(Registration No. ChiCTR2100051523)

关键词： Guanxin danshen Dripping Pill coronary heart disease depression anxiety quality of life Chinese medicine

Uniform decomposition of velocity gradient tensor

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2024年第1期36卷 24-34页

作者： Chenxi ma Chaoqun Liu Department of mathematics University of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonTXUSA

In this paper,the principal decomposition of the velocity gradient tensor[∇v]is discussed in 3 cases based on the discriminant∆:∆0 with 3 distinct real eigen values,and∆=0 with 1 or 2 distinct real eigen *** velocity gradient tensor can also be classified as rotation point,which can be decomposed into three parts,i.e.,rotation[R],shear[S]and stretching/compression[SC],and non-rotation point,we defined a new resistance term[L],and the tensor can be decomposed into three parts,i.e.,resistance[L],shear[S]and stretching/compression[SC].Example matric are also displayed to demonstrate the new *** of principal decomposition between 3 different cases,and between Resistance and Liutex will also be discussed.

关键词： Velocity gradient Liutex resistance fluid kinematics