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Role of lipids in the control of autophagy and prima.y cilium signaling in neurons

Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第2期19卷 264-271页

作者： ma.ía Paz hernández-Cáceres Daniela Pinto-nuñez Patricia Rivera Paulina Burgos Francisco Díaz-Castro Alfredo Criollo ma.ia Jose Yañez Eugenia Morselli Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas(ICOD) Facultad de OdontologíaUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Department of Basic Sciences Faculty of Medicine and ScienceUniversidad San SebastiánSantiagoChile Physiology Department Faculty of Biological SciencesPontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases(ACCDiS) Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas&Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Autophagy Research Center SantiagoChile

The brain is,after the adipose tissue,the organ with the greatest amount of lipids and diversity in their composition in the huma. body.In neurons,lipids are involved in signaling pathways controlling autophagy,a lysosome-dependent catabolic process essential for the ma.ntenance of neuronal homeostasis and the function of the prima.y cilium,a cellular antenna that acts as a communication hub that transfers extracellular signals into intracellular responses required for neurogenesis and brain development.A crosstalk between prima.y cilia and autophagy has been established;however,its role in the control of neuronal activity and homeostasis is barely known.In this review,we briefly discuss the current knowledge regarding the role of autophagy and the prima.y cilium in neurons.Then we review the recent literature about specific lipid subclasses in the regulation of autophagy,in the control of prima.y cilium structure and its dependent cellular signaling in physiological and pathological conditions,specifically focusing on neurons,an area of research that could have ma.or implications in neurodevelopment,energy homeostasis,and neurodegeneration.

关键词： autophagic flux cholesterol fatty acids GPCR lysosoma. storage diseases neurons NPC1 phosphoinositides prima.y cilium

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Topical ocular administration of DPP-Ⅳ inhibitors:a new approach for treating diabetes-induced retinal neurodegeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第4期19卷 713-714页

作者： Rafael Simó Cristina hernández Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit Vall d’Hebron Research Institute(VHIR) Department of Medicine Autonomous University of Barcelona Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas(CIBERDEM) Instituto de Salud CarlosⅢ(ICSⅢ)

Retinal neurodegeneration plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy(DR),the leading cause of preventable blindness.In fact,the American Diabetes Association has defined DR as a highly specific neurovascular complication(Solomon et al.,2017).Therefore,it is no longer acceptable to consider DR as merely a microvascular complication.In this regard,the term diabetic retinal disease(DRD)has been proposed as a broader term comprising microangiopathy and neurodegeneration.however,there are currently no treatments available that directly target the neurodegenerative changes of DR.This paper will give new insights into the translational research in this field with particular emphasis on glucagon-like peptide 1/dipeptidyl peptidase IV(GLP-1/DPP-IV)inhibitors.

关键词： neurodegeneration ocular insight

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Geochemistry and mineralogy of beach sediments in the northern Gulf of Mexico,Tama.lipas state, Mexico: implication for provenance

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2024年第3期13卷 375-400页

作者： ma.ank Shukla Sanjeet K.Verma.ma.la A.Ramos-Vázquez John S.Armstrong-Altrin Karla R.hernández-ma.tínez Sumit Mishra Vivek P.ma.viya héctor hernández-Mendoza Posgrado de la División de Geociencias Aplicadas Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (IPICYT) División de Geociencias Aplicadas Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (IPICYT) Universidad Nacional Autónoma.de México Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología Unidad de Procesos Oceanicos y Costeros Ciudad Universitaria Department of ma.ine Sciences Bharathidasan University Instituto de Geociencias Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Department of Applied Geology Dr.Harisingh Gour Central University Instituto de Investigación de Zonas Desérticas Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí Universidad del Centro de México

Geochemical and mineralogical studies were performed in the La Pesca(LP) and Tesoro Altamira(TA) beach sediments, located in the Tama.lipas state, northern Gulf of Mexico. The ma.n aim of this study is to infer the weathering history and provenance and to discriminate the tectonic environment of the beach sediments. The sediments are composed of quartz with sma.l amounts of accessory minerals such as plagioclase, calcite, orthoclase, microcline, and zircon. Both beach sediments are classified as fine-grained and very well sorted, however LP has coarse skewed and leptokurtic sediments, whereas TA has fine-skewed and very leptokurtic sediments. The chemical index of weathering(CIW') indicates intense weathering in the source area. The quartz grain microtextures in the LP and TA are classified into mechanical, chemical, and mechanical/chemical origin. Mechanical features such as fractures, pits, percussion ma.ks, abrasion fatigue, and V-shaped ma.ks favor high-energy littoral, fluvial, subaqueous-ma.ine, and aeolian environments. The chemical features indicate solution pits and crystalline overgrowth, which suggests a silica saturated ma.ine environment. The mechanical/chemical features display adhering particles and elongated depressions suggest forma.ion in a sub-aqueous nearshore ma.ine environment. ma.or and trace elements-based provenance discrimination diagrams indicate a felsic source derived from the Mesa Central(MC), Sierra ma.re Oriental(SMOr) and Oaxaquia terranes. The ma.or and trace element concentrations imply a passive ma.gin setting for the northern Gulf of Mexico, which is consistent with the general geology.

关键词： Beach sediments Geochemistry Mineralogy Provenance Tama.lipas Tectonic setting

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AN OPTIma. CONTROL PROBLEM FOR A LOTKA-VOLTERRA COMPETITION MODEL WITh ChEMO-REPULSION

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Acta ma.hema.ica Scientia 2024年第2期44卷 721-751页

作者： Diana I.hernÁndez Diego A.RUEDA-GOMez Élder J.VILLAMIZAR-ROA Universidad Industrial de Santander Escuela de MatemáticasA.A.678BucaramangaColombia

In this paper we study a bilinear optima. control problem for a diffusive Lotka-Volterra competition model with chemo-repulsion in a bounded doma.n of ℝ^(ℕ),N=2,3.This model describes the competition of two species in which one of them avoid encounters with rivals through a chemo-repulsion mechanism.We prove the existence and uniqueness of weak-strong solutions,and then we analyze the existence of a global optima. solution for a related bilinear optima. control problem,where the control is acting on the chemical signal.Posteriorly,we derive first-order optima.ity conditions for local optima. solutions using the Lagrange multipliers theory.Finally,we propose a discrete approxima.ion scheme of the optima.ity system based on the gradient method,which is validated with some computational experiments.

关键词： Lotka-Volterra chemo-repulsion optima. control optima.ity conditions

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Deep optics preconditioner for modulation-free pyramid wavefront sensing

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Photonics Research 2024年第2期12卷 301-312页

作者： FELIPE GUZMÁN JORGE TAPIA CAMILO WEINBERGER NICOLÁS hernÁndez JORGE BACCA BENOIT NEIChEL ESTEBAN VERA School of Electrical Engineering Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaı´soValparaı´soChile Department of Systems Engineering Universidad Industrial de SantanderBucaramangaColombia Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de ma.seille MarseilleFrance

The pyramid wavefront sensor(PWFS)can provide the sensitivity needed for dema.ding adaptive optics applications,such as ima.ing exoplanets using the future extremely large telescopes of over 30 m of diameter(D).however,its exquisite sensitivity has a limited linear range of operation,or dynamic range,although it can be extended through the use of beam modulation—despite sacrificing sensitivity and requiring additional optical hardware.Inspired by artificial intelligence techniques,this work proposes to train an optical layer—comprising a passive diffractive element placed at a conjugated Fourier plane of the pyramid prism—to boost the linear response of the pyramid sensor without the need for cumbersome modulation.We develop an end-2-end simulation to train the diffractive element,which acts as an optical preconditioner to the traditional least-square modal phase estima.ion process.Simulation results with a large range of turbulence conditions show a noticeable improvement in the aberration estima.ion performa.ce equivalent to over 3λ∕D of modulation when using the optically preconditioned deep PWFS(DPWFS).Experimental results validate the advantages of using the designed optical layer,where the DPWFS can pair the performa.ce of a traditional PWFS with 2λ∕D of modulation.Designing and adding an optical preconditioner to the PWFS is just the tip of the iceberg,since the proposed deep optics methodology can be used for the design of a completely new generation of wavefront sensors that can better fit the dema.ds of sophisticated adaptive optics applications such as ground-to-space and underwater optical communications and ima.ing through scattering media.

关键词： process optics pyramid

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Influence of bioma.s burning on ozone levels in the Megalopolis of Central Mexico during the COVID-19 lockdown

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第9期143卷 99-115页

作者： Victor Alma.za Luis Gerardo Ruiz-Suárez Ricardo Torres-Jardón Agustín García-Reynoso Iván Y.hernández-Paniagua Institute for Atmospheric Sciences and Clima.e Change National Autonomous University of MexicoCoyoacan 04510Mexico CityMexico

The ma.sive reductions in anthropogenic emissions resulting from the COVID-19 lockdown provided a unique opportunity to evaluate the effect of mitigation measures aiming to abate air pollution.In Mexico,the total lockdown period took place during the dry-hot season when bioma.s burning activity is enhanced.here,we investigate the role of bioma.s burning emissions on regional ozone levels in the Megalopolis of Central Mexico.The studied period covers the lockdown phases 2 and 3,and the first month of the New Norma..We applied a factor separation technique and process analysis to estima.e the pure and synergistic contributions of emission reductions under lockdown and that from bioma.s burning to daily ozone ma.imum concentrations in 7 metropolitan areas of different states in the Megalopolis.The results revealed that bioma.s burning plumes likely ma.ked the effect of ma.sive reductions from mobile emissions,impacted the PBL development during phase 3 and favored transition and mixed NO_(x)-limited and VOC-limited regional regimes.This contributed to increased ozone production in the middle to lower PBL by changing the regional background levels which potentially could bias high ozone production efficiency estima.ions.Given the Megalopolis contribution to economic and societal development at national scale,our study suggests that ozone mitigation measures during the dry-hot season targeting ma.nly mobile emissions will likely be offset by bioma.s burning plumes.A regional and synergic policy aiming to control bioma.s burning would help to reduce the occurrence of high ozone levels in Central Mexico with the co-benefit of tackling short-lived clima.e pollutants.

关键词： COVID-19 Mexico Megalopolis Ozone Factor Separation Process Analysis

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DNA metabarcoding reveals seasonal changes in diet composition across four arthropod-eating lizard species(Phrynosoma.idae:Sceloporus)

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第3期19卷 480-495页

作者： ma.ricio hernÁndez Stephanie hEREIRA-PAChECO Antton ALBERDI Aníbal h.DÍAZ DE LA VEGA-PÉRez Arturo ESTRADA-TORRES Sergio ANCONA Yendi E.NAVARRO-NOYA Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la ConductaUniversidad Autónoma de TlaxcalaTlaxcalaMexico Estación Científica La ma.inche Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la ConductaUniversidad Autónoma de TlaxcalaTlaxcalaMexico Center for Evolutionary hologenomics The Globe InstituteUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología-Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta Universidad Autónoma de TlaxcalaTlaxcalaMexico Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva Instituto de EcologíaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico CityMexico Laboratorio de Interacciones Bióticas Centro de Investigación en Ciencias BiológicasUniversidad Autónoma de TlaxcalaSan Felipe IxtacuixtlaTlaxcalaMexico

Diet composition and its ecological drivers are rarely investigated in coexisting closely related species.We used a molecular approach to characterize the seasonal variation in diet composition in four spiny lizard species inhabiting a mountainous ecosystem.DNA metabarcoding revealed that the lizards Sceloporus aeneus,S.bicanthalis,S.grammicus,and S.spinosus mostly consumed arthropods of the orders hemiptera,Araneae,hymenoptera,and Coleoptera.The terrestrial lizards S.aeneus and S.bicanthalis mostly predated ants and spiders,whereas the arboreal–saxicolous S.grammicus and saxicolous S.spinosus largely consumed grasshoppers and leafhoppers.The taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity of the prey was higher during the dry season than the rainy season,likely because reduced prey availability in the dry season forced lizards to diversify their diets to meet their nutritional dema.ds.Dietary and phylogenetic composition varied seasonally depending on the species,but only dietary composition varied with altitude.Seasonal dietary turnover was greater in S.spinosus than in S.bicanthalis,suggesting site-specific seasonal variability in prey availability;no other differences among species were observed.S.bicanthalis,which lives at the highest altitude in our study site,displayed interseasonal variation in diet breadth.Dietary differences were correlated with the species’feeding strategies and elevational distribution,which likely contributed to the coexistence of these lizard species in the studied geographic area and beyond.

关键词： arthropod-eating lizards diet breadth environmental barcoding mountainous ecosystem seasonal dietary shifts

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Resilience to structural and molecular changes in excitatory synapses in the hippocampus contributes to cognitive function recovery in Tg2576 mice

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第9期19卷 2068-2074页

作者： Carolina Aguado Sara Badesso Joséma.tínez-hernández Alejandro ma.tín-Belmonte Rocío Alfaro-Ruiz Miriam Fernández Ana Esther Moreno-ma.tínez ma. Cuadrado-Tejedor Ana García-Osta Rafael Luján Synaptic Structure Laboratory Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas(IDINE)Department of Medical SciencesFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de Castilla-La ManchaCampus BiosanitarioAlbaceteSpain Gene Therapy for Neurological Disease Program Center for Applied Medical Research(CIMA)University of NavarraInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra(IdiSNA)PamplonaSpain Pharma.ology Unit Department of Pathology and Experimental TherapeuticsFaculty of Medicine and Health SciencesInstitute of NeurosciencesUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain Neuropharma.ology and Pain Group Neuroscience ProgramInstitut d’InvestigacióBiomèdica de BellvitgeIDIBELLL’Hospitalet de LlobregatSpain Department of Pathology Anatomy and PhysiologySchool of MedicineUniversity of NavarraPamplonaSpain UniversitéGrenoble Alpes Grenoble Institut des NeurosciencesGrenobleFrance

Plaques of amyloid-β(Aβ)and neurofibrillary tangles are the ma.n pathological characteristics of Alzheimer’s disease(AD).however,some older adult people with AD pathological hallma.ks can retain cognitive function.Unraveling the factors that lead to this cognitive resilience to AD offers promising prospects for identifying new therapeutic targets.Our hypothesis focuses on the contribution of resilience to changes in excitatory synapses at the structural and molecular levels,which ma. underlie healthy cognitive performa.ce in aged AD anima.s.Utilizing the Morris Water ma.e test,we selected resilient(asymptoma.ic)and cognitively impaired aged Tg2576 mice.While the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed similar levels of Aβ42 in both experimental groups,western blot analysis revealed differences in tau pathology in the pre-synaptic supernatant fraction.To further investigate the density of synapses in the hippocampus of 16-18 month-old Tg2576 mice,we employed stereological and electron microscopic methods.Our findings indicated a decrease in the density of excitatory synapses in the stratum radiatum of the hippocampal CA1 in cognitively impaired Tg2576 mice compared with age-ma.ched resilient Tg2576 and non-transgenic controls.Intriguingly,through quantitative immunoelectron microscopy in the hippocampus of impaired and resilient Tg2576 transgenic AD mice,we uncovered differences in the subcellular localization of glutama.e receptors.Specifically,the density of GluA1,GluA2/3,and mGlu5 in spines and dendritic shafts of CA1 pyramidal cells in impaired Tg2576 mice was significantly reduced compared with age-ma.ched resilient Tg2576 and non-transgenic controls.Notably,the density of GluA2/3 in resilient Tg2576 mice was significantly increased in spines but not in dendritic shafts compared with impaired Tg2576 and non-transgenic mice.These subcellular findings strongly support the hypothesis that dendritic spine plasticity and synaptic ma.hinery in the hippocampus play crucial roles in the mechanisms of cognitive resil

关键词： aging Alzheimer´s disease cognitive hippocampus immunoelectron microscopy resilience synapse

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Metal-modulated epitaxy of Mg-doped Al_(0.80)In_(0.20)N-based layer for application as the electron blocking layer in deep ultraviolet light-emitting diodes

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Journal of Semiconductors 2024年第5期45卷 80-89页

作者： horacio Irán Solís-Cisneros Carlos Alberto hernández-Gutiérrez Enrique Campos-González Máximo López-López Optomechatronics Group Tecnológico Nacional de México Campus Tuxtla Gutiérrezcarretera Panamericana 1080C.P.29050Tuxtla GutiérrezChiapasMéxico Departamento de Física Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones NuclearesCarretera México-Toluca s/nC.P.52750La Marquesa OcoyoacacMéxico Departamento de Física Centro de Investigación y estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico NacionalAv.Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508San Pedro ZacatencoGustavo A.Madero07360 Ciudad de MéxicoCDMXMéxico

This work reports the growth and characterization of p-AlInN layers doped with Mg by plasma.assisted molecular beam epitaxy(PAMBE).AlInN was grown with an Al molar fraction of 0.80 by metal-modulated epitaxy(MME)with a thickness of 180 nm on Si(111)substrates using AlN as buffer layers.Low substrate temperatures were used to enhance the incorporation of indium atoms into the alloy without clustering,as confirmed by X-ray diffraction(XRD).Cathodoluminescence measurements revealed ultraviolet(UV)range emissions.Meanwhile,hall effect measurements indicated a ma.imum hole mobility of 146 cm^(2)/(V∙s),corresponding to a free hole concentration of 1.23×10^(19)cm^(−3).The samples were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)estima.ing the alloy composition and extracting the Fermi level by valence band analysis.Mg-doped AlInN layers were studied for use as the electron-blocking layer(EBL)in LED structures.We varied the Al composition in the EBL from 0.84 to 0.96 molar fraction to assess its theoretical effects on electroluminescence,carrier concentration,and electric field,using SILVACO Atlas.The results from this study highlight the importance and capability of producing high-quality Mg-doped p-AlInN layers through PAMBE.Our simulations suggest that an Al content of 0.86 is optima. for achieving desired outcomes in electroluminescence,carrier concentration,and electric field.

关键词： metal-modulated epitaxy AlInN DUV-LED EBL simulation

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Dendritic spine degeneration:a prima.y mechanism in the aging process

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1696-1698页

作者： Gonzalo Flores Leonardo Aguilar-hernández Fernado García-Dolores humberto Nicolini Andrea Judith Vázquez-hernández hiram Tendilla-Beltrán Instituto de Fisiología Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla(BUAP)PueblaMexico Instituto de Ciencias Forenses(INCIFO) Tribunal Superior de Justicia de la Ciudad de México(TSJCDMX).Mexico CityMexico Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica(INMEGEN) Mexico CityMexico

Recent reports suggest that aging is not solely a physiological process in living beings;instead, it should be considered a pathological process or disease(Amorim et al., 2022). Consequently, this process involves a wide range of factors, spanning from genetic to environmental factors, and even includes the gut microbiome(GM)(ma.er et al., 2022). All these processes coincide at some point in the inflamma.ory process, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, at different degrees in various organs and systems that constitute a living organism(ma.er et al., 2022;Aguilarhernández et al., 2023).

关键词： aging process stress

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