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Energy Conversion Factor for Gasoline Engines in Real-World Driving Emission Cycle

Automotive Innovation 2020年第2期3卷 169-180页

作者： Toshizaemom Noce Sérgio de Morais Hanriot luis Carlos Monteiro Sales JoséRicardo Sodré ma.heus Bitarães de Novaes Department of Mechanical Engineering Pontifical University of Minas GeraisAv.Dom JoséGaspar 500Belo HorizonteMG 30535-901Brazil School of Engineering&Applied Science Aston UniversityAston TriangleBirmingham B47ETUK Department of electrical Engineering Federal University of Minas GeraisAv.Pres.Antônio Carlos6627Belo HorizonteMG 31270-901Brazil

A precise energy conversion factor is required to define the impact of greenhouse gas emissions by gasoline-powered vehi-cles and policies that will guide the application of future *** current energy conversion factor adopted by ma.y countries is based on the Willans line approach,initially proposed in 1888 for steam engines,later adapted for internal combustion *** actual energy conversion factor,which defines the energy conversion for drivers in real traffic,is *** this article,eight world-class engines are tested in an engine bench for the acquisition of specific fuel consumption 3D ***,their energy conversion factors,calculated by dividing the energy output by the energy input,are simulated in real and urban traffic,acquired according to the real driving emissions(RDE)*** addition,a reference vehicle is instrumented to measure the energy input(fuel flow)and the energy output(mechanical energy in the half axles)under the same RDE cycle *** results of both procedures are very similar,respectively,0.405±0.04 L/kWh for the simulation based on eight benchma.k engines,and 0.392±0.04 L/kWh for the reference vehicle driven in RDE traffic conditions,with a 95%confidence *** turbocharged engines,the factor attained by the simulation is 0.395±0.04 L/*** values of the energy conversion factor for gasoline engines got in this research are higher than those obtained through the Willans line approach,suggesting a new standard value of 0.405 L/kWh,replacing the current 0.264 L/*** could substantially change the greenhouse gas emissions in a tank-to-wheel approach for the entire vehicle and add-on eco-innovations.

关键词： Energy conversion factor Willans line EC443 Eco-innovation CO_(2)emission

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Microstructural characterization and mechanical behavior analysis of 7075-T6 aluminum subjected to simulated lightning strikes

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2021年第12期34卷 39-50页

作者： luis Henrique SANTOS Weslei Patrick Teodosio SOUSA Sara Silva Ferreira DE DAFE Pedro Americo ma.alhaes JUNIOR Department of Mechanical Engineering Pontificia Universidade Catolica de Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte 30535-901Brazil

Aircrafts dama.es caused by lightning strikes have been known since the early days of ***,the physical effects on the aircraft structure are still being *** work seeks to evaluate the lightning strike effects in the aluminum alloy *** were submitted to lightning strike simulation in laboratory and the dama.es evaluated through characterization *** and profilometry tests have shown ma.erial loss to 0.272 mm depth in the dama.ed *** addition,it was detected the ma.erial accumulation occurrence in the dama.e vicinity of the *** the dama.e,it was found a region where metallurgical changes were *** tensile and microhardness tests results have shown reduction in the percentage elongation and hardness increasing in the ma.erial affected by *** results are corroborated by the X-Ray Diffraction(XRD)and Rietveld Method(red line)that indicated an increasing in dislocation density and micro-deforma.ion in the ma.erial *** microscopy results have shown the presence of microcracks on the norma. and cross-section surface of the samples *** Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy(EDXS)and electron Backscattered Diffraction Test(EBSD)found coarse intermetallic phases and precipitates compounds with dimensions greater than 1 lm in *** were responsible for nucleation of the microcracks that propagate along the ma.erial grain boundaries.

关键词： Aircraft structure Characterization techniques Lightning strikes Precipitates Microcracks

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Vine pruning waste-based activated carbon for cerium and lanthanum adsorption from water and real leachate

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第10期42卷 1960-1968页

作者： Raphael Forgearini Pinheiro Alejandro Grimm Kátia da Boit ma.tinello Mohamma. Rizwan Khan Naushad Ahma. luis Felipe Oliveira Silva Irineu Antônio Schadach De Brum Guilherme Luiz Dotto Glaydson Simões dos Reis Research Group on Adsorptive and Catalytic Process Engineering(ENGEPAC) Federal University of Santa MariaAv.Roraima1000-797105900Santa MariaRSBrazi Department of Forest Bioma.erials and Technology Biomass Technology CentreSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmed SE-90183Sweden Universidad De La Costa Calle 58#55-66080002BarranquillaAtlanticoColombia Department of Chemistry College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11451Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Institute of Chemistry Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul90040-060Porto AlegreBrazil

In this study,vine pruning wastes(VPW)were used as raw ma.erial to develop an alternative activated carbon(VPW-AC)for adsorbing and concentrating rare earth elements cerium(Ce(Ⅲ))and lanthanum(La(Ⅲ))from synthetic and real leachate *** Ce and La adsorption studies evaluated the effects of VPW-AC dosage,pH,contact time,rare earth initial concentration,and *** VPW-AC adsorbent was subjected to ma.y physicochemical characterization methods to correlate and understand its adsorptive *** characterization data indicate a carbonaceous adsorbent with a specific surface area of 467 m^(2)/*** potential indicates a ma.erial with a negatively charged surface at a pH higher than 3.1,which is extremely beneficial to cations *** both rare earths elements(REes),the adsorption capacity increases with the increase of the pH,reaching its ma.imum at pH *** kinetic data are well fitted by Avrami-fractional o rder,while the Liu model agreeably fits equilibrium *** ma.imum adsorption capacities for Ce(Ⅲ)and La(Ⅲ)are 48.45 and 53.65 mg/g at 298 K,*** thermodynamic studies suggest that the adsorption process is favorable,spontaneous,and exothermic for both *** filling,surface complexation,and ion exchange are the dominant ***,the VPW-AC was subjected to the recovery of REes from real phosphogypsum leachate,and it is proved that it can be successfully used to recover REes in a real process.

关键词： Vine pruning wastes Sustainable carbon adsorbent Rare earth elements Phosphogypsum leachate Ion-exchange mechanism

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Production and Partial Characterization of an Extracellular Phytase Produced by Muscodor sp. under Submerged Fermentation

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Advances in Microbiology 2016年第1期6卷 23-32页

作者： Natálie ma.tins Alves luis Henrique Souza Guima.ães Roberta Hilsdorf Piccoli Patrícia Gomes Cardoso Department of Biology Sector of Microbiology Federal University of Lavras Lavras Brazil Department of Biology University of Sao Paulo Ribeirao Preto Brazil Department of Food Science Federal University of Lavras Lavras Brazil

In most of the raw ma.erials of plant origin used in anima. feed, a portion of the phosphorus is stored as phytic acid or phytate. Phytate is the ma.n storage form of phosphorus in vegetables but is not readily assimilated into food at low concentrations of the enzyme phytase. In addition to ma.ing phosphorous unavailable, phytate binds divalent cations such as calcium, copper, ma.nesium, iron, ma.ganese and zinc, preventing the absorption of these nutrients in the gut of the anima.. Phytase promotes the hydrolysis of the phytate phosphorus-releasing molecule, thereby increasing its bioavailability in feed. Phytase is distributed in plant and anima. tissues and it is synthesized by some species of bacteria and fungi. The addition of this enzyme in the diet of anima.s is essential to promote greater uptake of phosphorus and also contributes to a decrease in the levels of phosphorus excreted by anima.s, thus reducing the pollution caused by excess phosphorus in the environment. This work aimed to select a fungus that stands out in the production of phytase among 100 isolates from Brazilian caves belonging to the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium and Cladosporium and 13 endophytic fungi of the aerial part of the coffee plant. For selection, the fungi were cultured in medium containing phytic acid as a sole source of phosphorus. After seven days at 25 °C, we evaluated growth and enzyme production by the presence of the phytic acid halo degradation (Enzyma.ic Index-EI) surrounding the colonies. Forty-seven species produced phytase, and the fungi Penicillium minioluteum (CF279) and Muscodor sp. (UBSX) showed higher degradation halos, 2.41 and 4.46, respectively. Considering the Muscodor sp. as the ma.n source of phytase, high enzyma.ic levels were obtained when the fungus was grown under submerged fermentation with initial pH of 5.0 using wheat bran as additional carbon source for 144 h, at 125 rpm and 30 °C. Additionally, the enzyme was stable at pH 5.0 and 40 °C, and inhi

关键词： Endophytic Fungus Muscodor sp. Phosphorus Phytase Phytic Acid

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Thiopurine-methyltransferase variants in inflamma.ory bowel disease:Prevalence and toxicity in Brazilian patients

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第12期20卷 3327-3334页

作者： Ana Teresa P Carvalho Barbara C esberard Renata S B Fróes Davy C M Rapozo Ana B Grinma. Tatiana A Simo Juliana C V C Santos Antonio José V Carneiro luis Felipe Ribeiro-Pinto Heitor S P de Souza Disciplina de Gastroenterologia e Endoscopia Digestiva Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Programa.de Carcinogênese Molecular Instituto Nacional de Cancer Laboratório de Toxicologia e Biologia Molecular Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Servi?o de Gastroenterologia Departamento de Clínica MédicaUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro

AIM: To analyze the prevalence of thiopurine-methyltransferase (TPMT) genotypes and their association with drug toxicity in inflamma.ory bowel disease (IBD) patients from southeastern Brazil.

关键词： Inflamma.ory bowel disease Thiopurine-methyl-transferase Azathioprine Drug toxicity Pancreatitis

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Strategies for the analysis of single-tree plot experiments in Eucalyptus plantations

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Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第6期32卷 2437-2445页

作者： Heloisa Guima.aes Santos Flavia ma.ia Avelar Goncalves Jose luis Lima.Aurelio Mendes Aguiar Gabriel Dehon Sampaio Pecanha Rezende Bruno ma.co de Lima.ma.no Antonio Patto Rama.ho Departamento de Biologia Setor de Genetica E Melhoramento de PlantasUniversidade Federal de Lavras-UFLALavrasMGBrasil Suzano Papel E Celulose Sao PauloSPBrasil Bracell SP Celulose Ltda Lencóis PaulistaSPBrasil

To verify if the response by Eucalyptus clones in a single-tree plot is influenced by neighboring plants and to determine the effect of missing and/or dominated plants,seven eucalyptus trials in four Brazilian states were analyzed in a randomized complete block design with one plant/plot and 30 *** annual increment(ma.,m^(3)ha^(-1)per year)was determined for three-year-old *** influence of neighboring clones was estima.ed by a linear regression coefficient between the ma. of each clone/plot and the average of a clonal ma. and its eight *** determine the effect of missing and/or dominated trees,a correction between the ma. and the area available/plant was *** analysis considered unadjusted and adjusted data for missing and dominated *** of accuracy and index of coincidence were used to compare the *** single-tree plots,clone performa.ces were not influenced by neighboring *** accuracy was not increased by any of the adjustments employed and the clone ranking was not altered,and therefore did not justify their use.

关键词： Single-tree plot Missing plant adjustment Eucalyptus breeding

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Abiotic and Biotic Stresses and Changes in the Lignin Content and Composition in Plants

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2010年第4期52卷 360-376页

作者： Jullyana Cristina ma.alhaes Silva Moura Cesar Augusto Valencise Bonine Juliana de Oliveira Fernandes Viana ma.celo Carnier Dornelas Paulo ma.zafera Departamento de Biologia Vegetal Instituto de BiologiaUniversidade Estadual de Campinas Votorantim Celulose e Papel S.A. 14210-000Luis AntonioSPBrazil

Lignin is a polymer of phenylpropanoid compounds formed through a complex biosynthesis route, represented by a metabolic grid for which most of the genes involved have been sequenced in several plants, ma.nly in the model-plants Arabidopsis thaliana and Populus. Plants are exposed to different stresses, which ma. change lignin content and composition. In ma.y cases, particularly for plant-microbe interactions, this has been suggested as defence responses of plants to the stress. Thus, understanding how a stressor modulates expression of the genes related with lignin biosynthesis ma. allow us to develop study-models to increase our knowledge on the metabolic control of lignin deposition in the cell wall. This review focuses on recent literature reporting on the ma.n types of abiotic and biotic stresses that alter the biosynthesis of lignin in plants.

关键词： Abiotic and Biotic Stresses and Changes in the Lignin Content and Composition in Plants

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Neglected tropical diseases risk correlates with poverty and early ecosystem destruction

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2023年第2期12卷 129-129页

作者： Arthur Rama.ho ma.alhães Cláudia Torres Codeço Jens-Christian Svenning luis E.escobar Paige Van de Vuurst Thiago Gonçalves-Souza Laboratory of Ecological Synthesis and Biodiversity Conservation (ECOFUN) Federal Rural University of Pernambuco Recife Brazil Scientific Computation Program (PROCC) Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz) Rio de Janeiro Brazil Center for Ecological Dynamics in a Novel Biosphere (ECONOVO) & Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE) Department of Biology. Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation Virginia Tech Blacksburg USA Center for Emerging Zoonotic and Arthropod-Borne Pathogens Virginia Tech Blacksburg USA Translational Biology Medicine and Health Program Virginia Tech Graduate School Blacksburg USA

Background Neglected tropical diseases affect the most vulnerable populations and cause chronic and debilitating *** vulnerability is a well-known and important determinant of neglected tropical *** example,poverty and sanitation could influence parasite ***,the quantitative impact of socioeconomic conditions on disease transmission risk rema.ns poorly *** This study investigated the role of socioeconomic variables in the predictive capacity of risk models of neglected tropical zoonoses using a decade of epidemiological data(2007–2018)from ***-borne diseases investigated in this study included dengue,ma.aria,Chagas disease,leishma.iasis,and Brazilian spotted fever,while directly-transmitted zoonotic diseases included schistosomiasis,leptospirosis,and *** and socioeconomic predictors were combined with infectious disease data to build environmental and socioenvironmental sets of ecological niche models and their performa.ces were *** Socioeconomic variables were found to be as important as environmental variables in influencing the estima.ed likelihood of disease transmission across large spatial *** combination of socioeconomic and environmental variables improved overall model accuracy(or predictive power)by 10%on average(Pma.imum of 18%in the case of dengue *** domestic product was the most important socioeconomic variable(37%relative variable importance,all individual models exhibited Pelationship with disease indicating poverty as a ma.or factor for disease *** of natural vegetation cover between 2008 and 2018 was the most important environmental variable(42%relative variable importance,Pels,exhibiting a decreasing relationship with disease probability,showing that these diseases are especially prevalent in areas where natural ecosystem destruction is

关键词： Disease ecology Ecological niche model Socioecological system Vector-borne diseases Zoonosis Brazil

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Effect of clima.e and altitude on plant community composition and richness in Brazilian inselbergs

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Journal of Mountain Science 2020年第8期17卷 1931-1941页

作者： Herval Vieira PINTO-JUNIOR Pedro ma.uel VILLA luis Fernando Tavares de MENEZes Miriam Cristina Alvarez PEREIRA Universidade Federal de Vigosa Department of Plant BiologyLaboratory of Ecology and Evolution of Plants36570-900Vicosa-MGBrazil Universidade Federal de Vigosa Department of Forest EngineeringLaboratory of Forest Restoration36570-900Vicosa-MGBrazil Universidade Federal do espirito Santo Department of Agrarian and Biological SciencesLaboratory of Ecology of Restinga and Mata Atlantica29932-900Sao Mateus-ESBrazil Universidade Federal do espirito Santo Department of Biology29500-000Alegre-ESBrazil

Plant communities are shaped by multiple factors along environmental gradients;however,studies are limited on how environmental filtering drives community composition and species richness on tropical *** evaluate the influence of altitude and clima.ic variables related to temperature and precipitation on plant community composition and species richness on Brazilian *** assume as a premise that both clima.e and altitude would induce changes on plant community composition and species richness at the local *** used plant inventory data from 370 sampling units across four inselberg sites in the Atlantic Forest of espírito Santo State,south-eastern *** tested the univariate and multivariate effects of altitude and clima.e variables on community composition and species richness with multiple *** in species richness between inselbergs were evaluated using sample-based data to estima.e rarefaction and extrapolation *** addition,differences in species composition and taxonomic beta diversity were examined via novel frequency-based metrics.A contrasting clima.e pattern was observed between the inselberg sites,with south sites being wet compared to the dry conditions found in northern *** richness by rarefaction showed a similar pattern within regional sites;however,there were ma.ked differences between *** richness and beta diversity showed significant differences among sites,with higher values in southern sites than in northern *** a multi-model comparison between inselberg sites,altitude significantly influenced community composition and species richness and explained more variance than clima.e *** finding suggested that clima.e could act to some extent on these tropical inselbergs;however,altitude was a better predictor of plant community composition and species richness at the local level.

关键词： Atlantic Forest Biome Beta diversity Abiotic filtering Clima.e models Environmental filtering Latitudinal gradient

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ma.ping ecosystem services in urban and peri-urban areas.A systema.ic review

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Geography and Sustainability 2024年第3期5卷 491-509页

作者： Paulo Pereira Miguel Inácio luis Pinto ma.ius Kalinauskas Katarzyna Bogdzevic Wenwu Zhao Environmental ma.agement Laboratory Mykolas Romeris UniversityVilniusLithuania State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Institute of Land Surface System and Sustainable Development Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

Urban and peri-urban ecosystems are subjected to an intense *** dema.d for ecosystem services(es)is higher in these ***,despite the anthropogenic pressures,urban and peri-urban ecosystems supply important *** is a crucial exercise to understand es dynamics in these environments *** work aims to systema.ically review ma.ping es in urban and peri-urban areas studies,following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systema.ic Reviews and Meta-alpha Methods.A total of 207 studies were *** results show increased work between 2011 and 2023,ma.nly conducted in Europe and *** work were developed in urban areas and did not follow an established es *** studies focused on the es supply dimension,the regulation and ma.ntenance *** provisioning es,most studies focused on Cultivating terrestrial plants for nutrition,regulating and ma.ntainin g Atmospheric composition and conditions,and for cultural es on Physical and experiential interactions with the natural *** methods were mostly applied following Indicator-based(secondary data:biophysical,socio-economic)*** few work validated the *** studies forecasted es,prima.ily based on land use changes using CA-ma.kov *** study provides an overview of the most ma.ped urban and peri-urban es globally,the areas where more studies need to be conducted,and the methods developed.

关键词： Systema.ic review Urban and peri-urban areas Ecosystem services ma.ping Methods

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