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malware variants detection based on ensemble learning

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The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications 2020年第2期27卷 82-90页

作者： Ma Yan Du Donggao Network and Information Center Institute of Network TechnologyBeijing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsBeijing 100876China National Engineering Laboratory for Mobile Network Security Beijing University of Post and TelecommunicationsBeijing 100876China

Application programming interface(API)is a procedure call interface to operation system resource.API-based behavior features can capture the malicious behaviors of malware variants.However,existing malware detection approaches have a deal of complex operations on constructing and matching.Furthermore,graph matching is adopted in many approaches,which is a nondeterministic polynominal(NP)-complete problem because of computational complexity.To address these problems,a novel approach is proposed to detect malware variants.Firstly,the API of the malware are divided by their functions and parameters.Then,the classified behavior graph(CBG)is constructed from the API call sequences.Finally,the signature based on CBGs for each malware family is generated.Besides,the malware variants are classified by ensemble learning algorithm.Experiments on 1220 malware samples show that the true positive rate(TPR)is up to 89.0%with the low false positive rate(FPR)3.7%by ensemble learning.

关键词： classified behavior malware variant ensemble learning

A new emerging target in cancer immunotherapy: Galectin-9 (LGALS9)

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Genes & Diseases 2023年第6期10卷 2366-2382页

作者： yan Lv Xiao ma Yuxin ma Yuxin Du Jifeng Feng The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Jiangsu Cancer HospitalJiangsu Institute of Cancer ResearchNanjingJiangsu 210009China Department of General Surgery The Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast UniversityNanjingJiangsu 210009China

Over the past few decades, advances in immunological knowledge have led to the identification of novel immune checkpoints, reinvigorating cancer immunotherapy. Immunotherapy, represented by immune checkpoint inhibitors, has become the leader in the precision treatment of cancer, bringing a new dawn to the treatment of most cancer patients. Galectin-9 (LGALS9), a member of the galectin family, is a widely expressed protein involved in immune regulation and tumor pathogenesis, and affects the prognosis of various types of cancer. Galectin-9 regulates immune homeostasis and tumor cell survival through its interaction with its receptor Tim-3. In the review, based on a brief description of the signaling mechanisms and immunomodulatory activities of galectin-9 and Tim-3, we summarize the targeted expression patterns of galectin-9 in a variety of malignancies and the promising mechanisms of anti-galectin-9 therapy in stimulating anti-tumor immune responses.

关键词： Galectin-9 Immune checkpoint inhibitors Immunotherapy Monoclonal antibody Tim-3

PDCD6 Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Proliferation and Metastasis through the AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin Pathway

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2023年第3期36卷 241-252页

作者： WEN Shi Yuan LIU yan Tong WEI Bing yan ma Jie Qiong CHEN yan yan College of Basic Medical Sciences Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan 030000ShanxiChina School of Life Science and Technology ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai 201210China Shanxi Key Laboratory of Experimental Animals and Animal Models for Human Diseases Laboratory Animal CenterShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan 030000ShanxiChina School of Medicine Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212001JiangsuChina

Objective Programmed cell death 6(PDCD6), a Ca~(2+)-binding protein, has been reported to be aberrantly expressed in all kinds of tumors. The aim of this study was to explore the role and mechanism of PDCD6 in hepatocellular carcinomas(HCCs).Methods The expression levels of PDCD6 in liver cancer patients and HCC cell lines were analyzed using bioinformatics and Western blotting. Cell viability and metastasis were determined by methylthiazol tetrazolium(MTT) and transwell assays, respectively. And Western blotting was used to test related biomarkers and molecular pathway factors in HCC cell lines. LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor inhibiting AKT, was used to suppress the AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin pathway to help evaluate the role of this pathway in the HCC carcinogenesis associated with PDCD6.Results The analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas Database suggested that high PDCD6 expression levels were relevant to liver cancer progression. This was consistent with our finding of higher levels of PDCD6 expression in HCC cell lines than in normal hepatocyte cell lines. The results of MTT, transwell migration, and Western blotting assays revealed that overexpression of PDCD6 positively regulated HCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Conversely, the upregulation of PDCD6 expression in the presence of an AKT inhibitor inhibited HCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. In addition, PDCD6promoted HCC cell migration and invasion by epithelial-mesenchymal transition. The mechanistic investigation proved that PDCD6 acted as a tumor promoter in HCC through the AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin pathway, increasing the expression of transcription factors and cellular proliferation and metastasis.Conclusion PDCD6 has a tumor stimulative role in HCC mediated by AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling and might be a potential target for HCC progression.

关键词： PDCD6 Hepatocellular carcinoma Proliferation Metastasis

Propofol Brings on the Light for Depression Therapy

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2023年第12期39卷 1891-1894页

作者： Yun yan Hongli ma Jing Zhao Department of Anesthesiology China-Japan Friendship HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100029China

major depressive disorder(MDD)is a major cause of global disability,with a global prevalence of 4.4%[1].Anhedonia is a core feature of MDD,and is associated with the longer treatment-resistant course:a third to half of patients with MDD had no response to multiple antidepressants[2].It is crucial to search the more effective target therapeutics for anhedonia to develop new drugs.Propofol is currently the most popular intravenous agent used for general clinical anesthesia and exerts its effect by activating-aminobutyric acid type A(GABAA)receptors.

关键词： anesthesia drugs Therapy

Interaction between Neighboring Supercritical Water Molecules and Density Fluctuation by Molecular Dynamics Simulations

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Journal of Thermal Science 2022年第3期31卷 907-922页

作者： WANG yan XU Jinliang ma Xiaojing Key Laboratory of Condition Monitoring and Control for Power Plant Equipment of Ministry of Education North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing102206China Beijing Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing102206China

Supercritical water(scW)is important for various engineering applications.The structure and distribution of sc W is key to dominate the related processes and phenomena.Here,scW is investigated using molecular dynamics(MD)simulation with controlled pressure and temperature.Density oscillation is observed to occur in a 1 nm thickness bin,indicating mass exchange of particles across the bin interface.We show that the low density scW behaves strong heterogeneity.Quantitative analysis of system density fluctuations is performed by square root error and maximum structure factor,demonstrating the agreement between the two methods.The scW molecules are tightly gathered to form“liquid island”locally,but are very sparse in other regions,which are similar to the gas-liquid mixture in subcritical pressure.A target molecule is tracked to plot 3D displacements and rotating angles,with the former indicating large amplitude ballistic(diffusing)motion and small amplitude oscillation,and the latter displaying two scales of angle jumping.Both translation and rotating motion are related to hydrogen bond break up and reorganization.The low density scW behaves isolated molecules with few combinations of hydrogen bonds between molecules,while the high density scW behaves more combinations of molecules via hydrogen bonds.The two scales motion is expected to influence thermal/chemical process in supercritical state,deepening the fundamental understanding of scW structure.

关键词： supercritical water molecular dynamics density hydrogen bond translation and rotating motion

Certrust:An SDN-Based Framework for the Trust of Certificates against Crossfire Attacks in IoT Scenarios

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工程与科学中的计算机建模（英文） 2023年第3期134卷 2137-2162页

作者： Lei yan maode ma Dandan Li Xiaohong Huang yan ma Kun Xie School of Computer Science(National Pilot Software Engineering School) Beijing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsBeijingChina College of Engineering QatarUniversityDohaQatar

The low-intensity attack flows used by Crossfire attacks are hard to distinguish from legitimate flows.Traditional methods to identify the malicious flows in Crossfire attacks are rerouting,which is based on statistics.In these existing mechanisms,the identification of malicious flows depends on the IP address.However,the IP address is easy to be changed by attacks.Comparedwith the IP address,the certificate ismore challenging to be tampered with or forged.Moreover,the traffic trend in the network is towards encryption.The certificates are popularly utilized by IoT devices for authentication in encryption protocols.DTLShps proposed a new way to verify certificates for resource-constrained IoT devices by using the SDN controller.Based on DTLShps,the SDN controller can collect statistics on certificates.In this paper,we proposeCertrust,a framework based on the trust of certificates,tomitigate the Crossfire attack by using SDN for IoT.Our goal is threefold.First,the trust model is built based on the Bayesian trust system with the statistics on the participation of certificates in each Crossfire attack.Moreover,the forgetting curve is utilized instead of the traditional decay method in the Bayesian trust system for achieving a moderate decay rate.Second,for detecting the Crossfire attack accurately,a method based on graph connectivity is proposed.Third,several trust-based routing principles are proposed tomitigate the Crossfire attack.These principles can also encourage users to use certificates in communication.The performance evaluation shows that Certrust is more effective in mitigating the Crossfire attack than the traditional rerouting schemes.Moreover,our trust model has a more appropriate decay rate than the traditional methods.

关键词： Trust model certificate SDN Crossfire attack bayesian trust system forgetting curve IoT

An Improved Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm for Global Optimization

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2021年第3期30卷 451-459页

作者： yan yan ma Hongzhong LI Zhendong College of Energy and Electrical Engineering Nanjing Hohai University Collaborative Innovation Center for Ningxia Big Data and Artificial Intelligence Co-founded by Ningxia Municipality and Ministry of Education Ningxia University School of Information Engineering Ningxia University

We proposes an improved grasshopper algorithm for global optimization problems. Grasshopper optimization algorithm(GOA) is a recently proposed meta-heuristic algorithm inspired by the swarming behavior of grasshoppers. The original GOA has some drawbacks,such as slow convergence speed, easily falling into local optimum, and so on. To overcome these shortcomings, we proposes a grasshopper optimization algorithm based on a logistic Chaos maps opposition-based learning strategy and cloud model inertia weight(CCGOA). CCGOA is divided into three stages. The chaos opposition learning initialization strategy is used to initialize the population,so that the population can be evenly distributed in the feasible solution space as much as possible, so as to improve the uniformity and diversity of the initial population distribution of the grasshopper algorithm. The inertia weight cloud model is introduced into the grasshopper algorithm, and different inertia weight strategies are used to adjust the convergence speed of the algorithm. Based on the principle of chaotic logistic maps, local depth search is carried out to reduce the probability of falling into local optimum. Fourteen benchmark functions and an engineering example are used for simulation verification.Experimental results show that the proposed CCGOA algorithm has superior performance in determining the optimal solution of the test function problem.

关键词： Optimisation techniques Learning in AI (theory) Combinatorial mathematics Cloud model inertia weight Grasshopper optimization algorithm Chaos logistic maps opposition based learning strategy Local depth search

Weed and insect control affected by mixing insecticides with glyphosate in cotton

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第2期15卷 373-380页

作者： ma Xiao-yan WU Han-wen JIANG Wei-li ma Ya-jie Ma Yan State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology Institute of Cotton ResearchChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute NSW Department of Primary Industries

Field studies were conducted in 2012 and 2013 to evaluate weed and insect control efficacy with glyphosate at 1 230 g ai（active ingredient） ha^（-1） and the insecticides acephate（728 g ai ha^（-1））,carbosulfan（135 g ai ha^（-1））,endosulfan（683 g ai ha^（-1））,imidacloprid（32 g ai ha^（-1））,or lambda-cyhalothrin（23 g ai ha^（-1））,as well as glyphosate tank-mixed with these insecticides.Four of the most common weeds in cotton,common purslane,false daisy,goosegrass,and lambsquarters,were manually sown in the cotton field and treated with glyphosate alone or in combination with insecticides.Glyphosate efficacy,based on visual estimates of control and weed fresh weight at 21 d after treatment（DAT）,was unaffected by the addition of insecticides.Four weeds were controlled by 93-97%and 86-100%（visual rating） and reduced weed fresh biomass by98-99%and 96-100%with glyphosate alone and its combination with insecticides,respectively.Addition of glyphosate to acephate improved cotton aphid control compared with acephate alone.However,addition of glyphosate to carbosulfan,endosulfan,imidacloprid,or lambda-cyhalothrin did not affect the aphid control when compared with the insecticide alone treatments.These results indicate that cotton producers could potentially integrate weed and insect management strategies by choosing suitable insecticide mixing partners with glyphosate,thereby reducing the application costs without sacrificing the efficacy of the glyphosate or the insecticides.

关键词： aphid control efficacy glyphosate-resistant cotton herbicide-insecticide combinations weed

Translationally controlled tumor protein: the mediator promoting cancer invasion and migration and its potential clinical prospects

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2022年第8期23卷 642-654页

作者： Junying GAO yan ma Guiwen yanG Guorong LI Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant School of Life SciencesShandong Normal UniversityJinan 250014China

Translationally controlled tumor protein(TCTP) is a highly conserved multifunctional protein localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is secreted through exosomes and its degradation is associated with the ubiquitin-proteasome system(UPS), heat shock protein 27(Hsp27), and chaperone-mediated autophagy(Cma). Its structure contains three α-helices and eleven β-strands, and features a helical hairpin as its hallmark. TCTP shows a remarkable similarity to the methionine-R-sulfoxide reductase B(Msr B) and mammalian suppressor of Sec4(Mss4/Dss4) protein families, which exerts guanine nucleotide exchange factor(GEF) activity on small guanosine triphosphatase(GTPase) proteins, suggesting that some functions of TCTP may at least depend on its GEF action. Indeed, TCTP exerts GEF activity on Ras homolog enriched in brain(Rheb) to boost the growth and proliferation of Drosophila cells. TCTP also enhances the expression of cell division control protein 42 homolog(Cdc42) to promote cancer cell invasion and migration. Moreover, TCTP regulates cytoskeleton organization by interacting with actin microfilament(MF) and microtubule(MT) proteins and inducing the epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT) process. In essence, TCTP promotes cancer cell movement. It is usually highly expressed in cancerous tissues and thus reduces patient survival;meanwhile, drugs can target TCTP to reduce this effect. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of TCTP in promoting cancer invasion and migration, and describe the current inhibitory strategy to target TCTP in cancerous diseases.

关键词： Translationally controlled tumor protein(TCTP) Invasion Migration Cancer Clinical drugs