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山东长清灵岩寺千佛殿罗汉像病害分析研究

文物保护与考古科学 2024年第3期36卷 72-83页

作者：蔡友振童永东张坤马清林山东省文物保护修复与鉴定中心山东济南250014 重庆师范大学历史与社会学院(考古文博学院) 重庆401331 莱芜职业技术学院山东济南271100 北京化工大学北京100029

灵岩寺千佛殿彩绘罗汉像是弥足珍贵的艺术珍宝,在过去的岁月中自然老化和环境因素导致塑像出现了各种病害,威胁其安全保存。病害调查、病害产生原因和机理研究是塑像科学保护的重要基础,具有重要意义。本研究应用X-射线衍射(XRD)、离子... 详细信息

灵岩寺千佛殿彩绘罗汉像是弥足珍贵的艺术珍宝,在过去的岁月中自然老化和环境因素导致塑像出现了各种病害,威胁其安全保存。病害调查、病害产生原因和机理研究是塑像科学保护的重要基础,具有重要意义。本研究应用X-射线衍射(XRD)、离子色谱(IC)、显微拉曼光谱(μ-RS)、超景深显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜-能谱(SEM-EDX)等多种分析技术,探讨了罗汉像各种表观病害产生的原因和机理。研究表明,塑像酥碱区域含有较多硫酸盐和硝酸盐。硫酸盐随温湿度波动,反复结晶—溶解中体积变化引起的应力不断破坏地仗,使之酥碱。硝酸盐腐蚀地仗,并与其他可溶盐一起不断粉化、破坏地仗。酥碱病害继而引发了彩绘层起甲、龟裂、甚至脱落。塑像额头、头顶等易积灰区域的起甲、龟裂病害与降尘有关。灰尘层中的Ca^(2+)、SO_(4)^(2-)与水形成含水硫酸钙引起的体积膨胀应力传递到颜料层导致了开裂、起甲。

关键词：灵岩寺罗汉像病害分析机理

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战国时期铅钡硅酸盐制品相互关系的新思考

文物保护与考古科学 2024年第3期36卷 152-159页

作者：王颖竹刘勇马泓蛟崔剑锋陈坤龙马清林首都博物馆保护部北京100045 中国社会科学院考古研究所北京100101 卡迪夫大学历史、考古与宗教学院英国卡迪夫CF103EU 北京大学考古文博学院北京100871 北京科技大学科技史与文化遗产研究院北京100083 北京化工大学材料科学与工程学院北京100029

铅钡硅酸盐是中国古代费昂斯和玻璃制品的典型成分类型。本文首先明确了铅钡硅酸盐制品包含铅钡釉陶、铅钡釉砂、铅钡玻璃以及硅酸铜钡颜料四大类,并重点讨论前三者,强调不宜用“铅钡玻璃”指代铅钡硅酸盐制品。其后,文章整体梳理了战... 详细信息

铅钡硅酸盐是中国古代费昂斯和玻璃制品的典型成分类型。本文首先明确了铅钡硅酸盐制品包含铅钡釉陶、铅钡釉砂、铅钡玻璃以及硅酸铜钡颜料四大类,并重点讨论前三者,强调不宜用“铅钡玻璃”指代铅钡硅酸盐制品。其后,文章整体梳理了战国时期铅钡硅酸盐制品的出土范围和存续时间。在此基础上,重新讨论了铅钡釉陶、铅钡釉砂、铅钡玻璃的关系问题,提出铅钡釉陶和铅钡釉砂都不是铅钡玻璃的先驱,三者在战国早期的出现更像是铅钡这种全新助熔剂在不同材质上的应用。

关键词：铅钡硅酸盐战国时期分布范围起源相互关系

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Molecular characterization of sulfur compounds in some special sulfur-rich Chinese crude oils by FT-ICR MS

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Science China Earth Sciences 2014年第1期57卷 1158-1167页

作者： LU Hong SHI Quan ma qinglin SHI Yang LIU JinZhong SHENG GuoYing PENG PingAn State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil China Petroleum University Beijing Southern Petroleum Exploration and Development Ltd. (CNPC)

Routine GC/MS analysis may apply to the volatilized Low-Molecular-Weight compounds in saturate and aromatic hydrocarbon fractions;thus,relative studies using this technique inevitably bring about some limitations on distribution of miscellaneous sulfur *** this article,Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance mass Spectrometry(FT-ICR MS)with high resolution is employed to investigate the distribution of organic sulfur compounds(OSCs)in the crude oil typically derived from the Eogene carbonate-evaporite sediments with further chemical compositional characterization in molecular level by miscellaneous atomic type,carbon number,and double bond equivalent(DBE).A variety of miscellaneous atomic types with S1,S2,S3,OS,OS2,O2S,O2S2,NS,and NOS etc.(S1 means those OSCs with one sulfur atom in a molecule)were identified in OSCs in these oil *** levels of alkyl thioether series compounds with one ring structure were presented mainly in the crude oil in the Jianghan Basin whereas high amounts of benzothiophene,dibenzothiophene *** with higher values in DBE and carbon number range occurred in the sulfur-rich heavy oil in the Jinxian *** carbonate-evaporite sediments deposited in the saline lacustrine facies in the Eogene basin both occurred in the Jinxian Sag and Jianghan Basin,obviously,they possess different chemical diagenetic pathway of sulfur under various microbial reactions,leading to diverse distributional characteristics on biomarkers,OSCs,and even different hydrocarbon generation mechanism of immature crude oil.

关键词： ESI FT-ICR MS organic sulfur compounds sulfur-rich oil Jianghan Basin Jinxian Sag

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Study on the glasswares discovered in the underground palace of the Da Bao En Temple in the North Song Dynasty(AD960 AD1127) in Nanjing,China

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2012年第7期55卷 2006-2012页

作者： YU Ning SONG Yan YANG YiMin ma qinglin WANG ChangSui Laboratory of Human Evolution Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Department of Scientific History and Archaeometry Graduate University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Chinese Academy of Cultural Heritage Beijing 100029China

Built by the royal family in the Ming Dynasty,the Da Bao En Temple is known as the greatest temple in ancient Nanjing,whose predecessor is the Chang Gan Temple built in the Six *** excavations of the Da Bao En Temple and the underground palace of Chang Gan Temple built in the North Song Dynasty(AD960 AD1127) have been appraised as one of the 10 greatest archaeological discoveries in 2010 in *** artefacts discovered in the underground palace have shown their important historical meanings and scientific values,such as the Qibao King Asoka Tower,golden and silver coffins,Buddhist relics,the silk textiles,glasses,and spices *** this paper,stereomicroscope,SEM-EDS and LA-ICP-AES are used to investigate chemical composition,microstructure and current preservation status for the unearthed *** results indicate that the glass bottle coded as TH1 and the glass calyx coded as TN5 are made of lead-silicate glass,while the chemical composition of the glass bottle coded as TN9 is quite distinct from that of native *** three articles have been weathered in some *** the shape,it is deduced that TH1 is a typical glassware used in burying Buddhist relics at that time,TN5 a domestic glassware with typical Sassanian style,and TN9 an imported Islamic glass,providing important information about culture exchanges between China and the foreign countries in the North Song Dynasty.

关键词： Da Bao En Temple chemical analysis lead glass Islamic glass culture exchange between China and the foreign countries

Alkyl Naphthalenes and Phenanthrenes:Molecular markers for Tracing Filling Pathways of Light Oil and Condensate Reservoirs

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2010年第5期84卷 1294-1305页

作者： LI Meijun WANG Tieguan LIU Ju ZHANG Meizhu LU Hong ma qinglin GAO Lihui State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting College of Geosciences China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Southern Oil Exploration and Development Company PetroChina Guangzhou Guangdong 51064 China Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou Guangdong 510240 China

Condensates and light oils are generally characterized by high maturity, low concentration of sterane and terpane biomarkers and low content of non-hydrocarbon fraction. As a result, some commonly-used sterane, terpane and carbazole migration parameters in conventional oil reservoirs may have a certain limitation in condensate and light oil reservoirs for their poor signal-noise ratios in the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）. Naphthalene, phenanthrene and their methylated substituents, however, are present in significant concentrations in condensates and light oils. Taking the Fushan depression （in the Beibuwan Basin, Northern South China Sea） as an example, this paper attempts for the first time to use polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon （PAH）-related parameters to trace migration directions and filling pathways for condensate and light oil reservoirs. The result shows that TMNr （i.e. 1, 3, 7-TMN/（1, 3, 7-TMN ＋ 1, 2, 5-TMN）, TMN： trimethylnaphthalene））, MPI-1 （i.e. 1.5×（2-MP ＋ 3-MP）/（P ＋ 1-MP ＋ 9-MP）, P： phenanthrene MP： methyiphenanthrene）, MN/DMN （∑methylnaphthalene/∑dimethylnaphthalene, %） and MN/TMN （∑nethylnaphthalene/∑trimethylna- phthalene, %） can be used to trace the filling pathways of condensate and light oil reservoirs. These parameters, together with geological consideration and other bulk oil properties （e.g. the gas to oil ratio and density）, suggest that the condensates and light oils in the Huachang oil and gas field are mainly sourced from the Bailian sag that is located to the northeast of the Huachang uplift in the Fushan depression.

关键词： condensate light oil polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) naphthalene phenanthrene,migration filling pathway Fushan depression

Characteristics of Oil and Gas Accumulation in Yong'an-Meitai Area of the Fushan Depression,Beibuwan Basin,South China Sea

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Petroleum Science 2007年第4期4卷 23-33页

作者： Li Meijun Wang Tieguan Liu Ju Zhang Meizhu Lu Hong ma qinglin Gao Lihui Key Laboratory for Hydrocarbon Accumulation Mechanism Ministry of Education School of Resources and lnformation China University of Petroleum Beo＇ing 102249 China South Oil Exploration and Development Company PetroChina Guangzhou Guangdong 510240 China Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou Guangdong 510640 China

The Yong＇an-Meitai area is the focus of the present exploration in the Fushan Depression, Beibuwan Basin, South China Sea. All oils from this area are geochemically characterized by higher Pr/Ph ratio, higher proportion of heavy molecular weight hydrocarbons, and higher proportion of C29 regular steranes, which indicate that the organic matter of source rocks might have been deposited in an oxidizing palaeoenvironment and be dominated by higher plant organic matter input. The oil from E3w2 （the second member of Weizhou Fro. of the Oligocene） has a much higher density, relatively higher Pr/nC17 and Ph/nC18 ratios, and a ＂UCM--unresolved complex mixture＂ on gas chromatograms, which indicate that it has been slightly biodegraded. CPI and other terpane and sterane isomer ratios suggest they are all mature oils. The timing of oil charging in E3w2 and E2I1 （the first member of the Liushagang Fro. of the Eocene） determined by the homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions and thermal evolution history are from 9-3 ma and 8-3 ma, respectively. Thus, the interpretation of E3w2 as a secondary reservoir is unlikely. The timing of oil charging is later than that of hydrocarbon generating and expulsion of Liushagang Fin. source rocks and trap formation, which is favorable for oil accumulation in this area. All molecular parameters that are used for tracing oil filling direction decrease with shallower burial depth, which suggests vertical oil migration. The widely occurring faults that penetrate through the source rocks of the Liushagang Fro. may serve as a fine oil charging conduit.

关键词： Reservoir geochemistry homogenization temperature burial and thermal history oil migration and accumulation the Fushan Depression

The Occurrence of Oleananes in the Beibuwan Basin and Its Application to the Study of maturity and Oil-Source Rock Correlation

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2008年第3期82卷 585-595页

作者： LI Meijun WANG Tieguan LIU Ju ZHANG Meizhu LU Hong ma qinglin GAO Lihui State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resource and Prospecting Earth Sciences and Geoinformatics School China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Southern Oil Exploration and Development Company PetroChina Guangzhou 510640 China Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510240 China

The oleanane parameter, i.e., OP （oleananes/（oleananes＋C30hopanes）） in the two sedimentary columns of the Beibuwan Basin, South China Sea, can be used to delimit the top of oil generation window, with Ro （/%） of 0.53 in Well M1 and 0.55 in Wells H1/Hd1/Hd2, respectively. Comparing with vitrinite reflectance （Ro/%）, the OP features a dynamic range and can indicate the oil generation window more precisely. By using OP and other geochemical indices, the oil-source correlation is also conducted. It suggests that the oils in wells M1 and M2 are derived from the source rocks in situ. The mudstone in Huachang uplift is not the main source rocks for oils in this area, The OP is also a useful oil-source correlation parameter in some Tertiary lacustrine basins.

关键词： oleanane parameter (OP) biomarker maturity oil-source correlation Fushan Depression

济南长清灵岩寺摩诃劫宝那尊者罗汉像彩绘分析研究

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石窟与土遗址保护研究

石窟与土遗址保护研究 2024年第1期3卷 17-25页

作者：王雪凝蔡友振万鑫李志敏马清林山东省文物保护修复与鉴定中心山东济南250000 国家文物局考古研究中心北京100013 山东大学文化遗产研究院山东青岛266237 北京化工大学北京100029

济南长清灵岩寺彩绘泥塑罗汉像是我国彩绘泥塑的代表作之一,具有极高的历史、艺术与科学价值。选取病害严重的明代摩诃劫宝那尊者罗汉像,利用三维超景深视频显微镜、激光共聚焦显微拉曼光谱仪、扫描电子显微镜—能谱分析仪和X射线衍射... 详细信息

济南长清灵岩寺彩绘泥塑罗汉像是我国彩绘泥塑的代表作之一,具有极高的历史、艺术与科学价值。选取病害严重的明代摩诃劫宝那尊者罗汉像,利用三维超景深视频显微镜、激光共聚焦显微拉曼光谱仪、扫描电子显微镜—能谱分析仪和X射线衍射仪分析其彩绘颜料及地仗样品。分析结果表明,罗汉像从塑制至今,经历过多次重绘,其使用的彩绘颜料中红色颜料为朱砂、铅丹、铁红以及朱砂、铁红与方解石的混合物;绿色颜料有巴黎绿、斜氯铜矿、氯砷钠铜石及斜氯铜矿与铅白的混合物;蓝色颜料为天然青金石和人工合成群青;金色颜料为金。彩绘层中的白色底层为含硅、铝、钙的细白土。彩绘颜料中出现巴黎绿表明,摩诃劫宝那尊者罗汉像最后一次重绘是清末之际,与文献记载相符。彩绘地仗层由石英、斜长石、白云母和钠长石组成。分析研究结果为该身罗汉像保护修复工作提供科学依据。

关键词：灵岩寺彩绘罗汉像颜料分析彩绘层分析

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文化遗产微生物学学科构建的设想与思考

石窟与土遗址保护研究

石窟与土遗址保护研究 2024年第2期3卷 90-102页

作者：汪万福马燕天段育龙李天晓武发思丁得天冯虎元马清林陈拓敦煌研究院国家古代壁画与土遗址保护工程技术研究中心古代壁画保护国家文物局重点科研基地甘肃敦煌736200 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院干旱区生态安全与可持续发展重点实验室甘肃省极端环境微生物资源与工程重点实验室甘肃兰州730000 兰州大学生命科学学院甘肃兰州730000 南昌大学生命科学学院江西南昌330036 北京化工大学材料科学与工程学院北京100029

人类社会在漫长的演进历程中创造出璀璨夺目的文化,留下了数以亿计的文化遗产,其作为人类共有的不可再生资源,弥足珍贵,具有极高的历史、艺术和科学价值,是人类文明的重要载体和集中体现。然而,随着全球气候变化加剧、极端天气事件频发... 详细信息

人类社会在漫长的演进历程中创造出璀璨夺目的文化,留下了数以亿计的文化遗产,其作为人类共有的不可再生资源,弥足珍贵,具有极高的历史、艺术和科学价值,是人类文明的重要载体和集中体现。然而,随着全球气候变化加剧、极端天气事件频发、环境污染日益加重以及旅游业的高速发展,文化遗产遭受到包括地震、海啸和沙尘暴等自然灾害,战争和经济开发等人类破坏正在剧增,而微生物侵害等问题在日常的文化遗产保护实践中愈加突出,开展深入研究的需求十分迫切。针对文化遗产保护中的微生物学问题,以文物保护和生物学等相关学科理论为指导,在已有多年的文化遗产微生物病害研究的实践基础上,结合当前的气候变化、环境污染、旅游业发展和人类活动增强等外部条件影响下的文化遗产保护现状,以及文化遗产保护学和微生物学相互借鉴、交叉、融合和创新的现状,尝试提出文化遗产微生物学的基本概念。同时,在广泛参阅国内外文献资料的基础上,界定了文化遗产微生物学学科的研究对象和研究内容,探讨总结了学科的研究方法与技术体系。文化遗产微生物学作为一门交叉学科,其建立与发展将对于新时期生物病害防治和文化遗产预防性保护工作起到积极的推动作用,兼具理论创新和实践创新的特点。

关键词：文化遗产文化遗产微生物学学科体系发展历程趋势分析