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Using an improved lightweight YOLOv8 model for real-time detection of multi-stage apple fruit in complex orchard environments

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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN AGRICULTURE 2024年第1期11卷 70-82页

作者： ma, baoling Hua, Zhixin Wen, Yuchen Deng, Hongxing Zhao, Yongjie Pu, Liuru Song, Huaibo Northwest A&F Univ Coll Mech & Elect Engn Yangling 712100 Shaanxi Peoples R China Minist Agr & Rural Affairs Key Lab Agr Internet Things Yangling 712100 Shaanxi Peoples R China Shaanxi Key Lab Agr Informat Percept & Intelligent Yangling 712100 Shaanxi Peoples R China

For the purpose of monitoring apple fruits effectively throughout the entire growth period in smart orchards. A lightweight model named YOLOv8n-ShuffleNetv2-Ghost-SE was proposed. The ShuffleNetv2 basic modules and down-sampling modules were alternately connected, replacing the Backbone of YOLOv8n model. The Ghost modules replaced the Conv modules and the C2fGhost modules replaced the C2f modules in the Neck part of the YOLOv8n. ShuffleNetv2 reduced the memory access cost through channel splitting operations. The Ghost module combined linear and non-linear convolutions to reduce the network computation cost. The Wise-IoU (WIoU) replaced the CIoU for calculating the bounding box regression loss, which dynamically adjusted the anchor box quality threshold and gradient gain allocation strategy, optimizing the size and position of predicted bounding boxes. The Squeeze-and-Excitation (SE) was embedded in the Backbone and Neck part of YOLOv8n to enhance the representation ability of feature maps. The algorithm ensured high precision while having small model size and fast detection speed, which facilitated model migration and deployment. Using 9652 images validated the effectiveness of the model. The YOLOv8n-ShuffleNetv2-Ghost-SE model achieved Precision of 94.1%, Recall of 82.6%, mean Average Precision of 91.4%, model size of 2.6 MB, parameters of 1.18 M, FLOPs of 3.9 G, and detection speed of 39.37 fps. The detection speeds on the Jetson Xavier NX development board were 3.17 fps. Comparisons with advanced models including Faster R-CNN, SSD, YOLOv5s, YOLOv7-tiny, YOLOv8s, YOLOv8n, MobileNetv3_small-Faster, MobileNetv3_small-Ghost, ShuflleNetv2-Faster, ShuflleNetv2-Ghost, ShuflleNetv2-Ghost-CBAM, ShuflleNetv2-Ghost-ECA, and ShuflleNetv2-Ghost-CA demonstrated that the method achieved smaller model and faster detection speed. The research can provide reference for the development of smart devices in apple orchards. (c) 2024 The Authors. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. o

关键词： Multi-stage apple fruit Deep learning Real-time detection Lightweight model maCHINE

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Autonomous Recommendation of Fault Detection Algorithms for Spacecraft

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第1期11卷 273-275页

作者： Wenbo Li baoling Ning the National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Intelligent Control Beijing Institute of Control EngineeringBeijing 100094China the School of Data Science and Technology Heilongjiang UniversityHarbin 150001China

Dear Editor, This letter deals with the problem of algorithm recommendation for online fault detection of spacecraft. By transforming the time series data into distributions and introducing a distribution-aware measure, a principal method is designed for quantifying the detectabilities of fault detection algorithms over special datasets.

关键词： fault introducing letter

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Well-Posedness and a Finite Difference Approximation for a mathematical Model of HPV-Induced Cervical Cancer

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Applied mathematics 2023年第3期14卷 151-172页

作者： baoling ma Jeremy J. Thibodeaux Department of mathematics Millersville University Millersville PA USA Department of mathematical Sciences University of the Virgin Islands St. Croix USVI USA

We present a first-order finite difference scheme for approximating solutions of a mathematical model of cervical cancer induced by the human papillomavirus (HPV), which consists of four nonlinear partial differential equations and a nonlinear first-order ordinary differential equation. The scheme is analyzed and used to provide an existence-uniqueness result. Numerical simulations are performed in order to demonstrate the first-order rate of convergence. A sensitivity analysis was done in order to compare the effects of two drug types, those that increase the death rate of HPV-infected cells, and those that increase the death rate of the precancerous cell population. The model predicts that treatments that affect the precancerous cell population by directly increasing the corresponding death rate are far more effective than those that increase the death rate of HPV-infected cells.

关键词： Age Structured Cervical Cancer Finite Difference Human Papillomavirus mathematical Model

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Uniform decomposition of velocity gradient tensor

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2024年第1期36卷 24-34页

作者： Chenxi ma Chaoqun Liu Department of mathematics University of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonTXUSA

In this paper,the principal decomposition of the velocity gradient tensor[∇v]is discussed in 3 cases based on the discriminant∆:∆0 with 3 distinct real eigen values,and∆=0 with 1 or 2 distinct real eigen *** velocity gradient tensor can also be classified as rotation point,which can be decomposed into three parts,i.e.,rotation[R],shear[S]and stretching/compression[SC],and non-rotation point,we defined a new resistance term[L],and the tensor can be decomposed into three parts,i.e.,resistance[L],shear[S]and stretching/compression[SC].Example matric are also displayed to demonstrate the new *** of principal decomposition between 3 different cases,and between Resistance and Liutex will also be discussed.

关键词： Velocity gradient Liutex resistance fluid kinematics

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VOC emitted by biopharmaceutical industries:Source profiles,health risks,and secondary pollution

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第1期135卷 570-584页

作者： Jiawei ma Lin Li State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control material&Technology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 101408China

The biopharmaceutical industry contributes substantially to volatile organic compounds(VOCs)emissions,causing growing concerns and social developmental *** study conducted an on-site investigation of the process-based emission of VOCs from three biopharmaceutical *** the workshops of the three enterprises,26 VOCs were detected,which could be sorted into 4 classes:hydrocarbons,aromatic hydrocarbons,oxygen-containing compounds,and nitrogen-containing *** were the main components of waste gases,accounting for 44.13%-77.85%of the overall ***-based source profiles were compiled for each process unit,with the fermentation and extraction units of tiamulin fumarate being the main source of VOC *** heptanone,vinyl acetate,diethylamine,propylene glycol methyl ether(PGME),and benzene were screened as priority pollutants through a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation *** level concentration simulation results of the Gauss plume diffusion model demonstrated that the diffusivity of VOCs in the atmosphere was relatively high,indicating potential non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks 1.5-2 km ***,the process-based formation potentials of ozone and secondary organic aerosols(SOAs)were determined and indicated that N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone,dimethyl heptanone,and PGME should be preferentially controlled to reduce the ozone formation potential,whereas the control of benzene and chlorobenzene should be prioritized to reduce the generation of *** results provide a basis for understanding the characteristics of VOC emission by biopharmaceutical industries and their diffusion,potentially allowing the development of measures to reduce health risks and secondary pollution.

关键词： Biopharmaceutical Volatile organic compound Priority pollutant Exposure risk Secondary pollution

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Deterministic and Robust Volt-var Control Methods of Power System Based on Convex Deep Learning

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2024年第3期12卷 719-729页

作者： Qing ma Changhong Deng the School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina

Volt-var control(VVC)is essentially a non-convex optimization problem due to the non-convexity of power flow(PF)constraints,resulting in the difficulty in obtaining the optimum without convexity *** existing second-order cone method for the convexity conversion often leads to a sharp increase in PF constraints and optimization variables,which in turn increases the optimization difficulty or even leads to optimization *** paper first proposes a deterministic VVC method based on convex deep learning power flow(DLPF).This method uses the input convex neural network(ICNN)to establish a single convex mapping between state parameters and node voltage to complete the convexity conversion while the optimization variables only correspond to reactive power equipment,which can ensure the global optimum with extremely fast computation *** cope with the impact brought by the uncertainty of distributed energy and omit the additional worst scenario search of traditional robust VVC,this paper proposes robust VVC method based on convex deep learning interval power flow(DLIPF),which continues to adopt ICNN to establish another convex mapping between state parameters and node voltage *** DLIPF with DLPF,this method decreases the modeling and optimization difficulty of robust VVC *** results on 30-bus,118-bus,and 200-bus systems prove the correctness and rapidity of the proposed methods.

关键词： Volt-var control convexity conversion convex deep learning power flow

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Copper slag assisted coke reduction of phosphogypsum for sulphur dioxide preparation

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2024年第1期65卷 43-53页

作者： Dong ma Qinhui Wang State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization Institute for Thermal Power EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China

The reduction of phosphogypsum(PG)to lime slag and SO_(2)using coke can effectively alleviate the environmental problems caused by ***,the PG decomposition temperature remains high and the product yield remains *** adding additives,the decomposition temperature can be further reduced and PG decomposition rate and product yield can be ***,the use of current additives such as Fe_(2)O_(3)and SiO_(2)brings the problem of increasing economic ***,it is proposed to use solid waste copper slag(CS)as a new additive to reduce PG to prepare SO2,which can reduce the cost and meet the environmental benefits at the same *** effects of proportion,temperature and thermostatic time on PG decomposition are investigated by experimental and kinetic analysis combined with FactSage thermodynamic calculations to optimize the roasting ***,the reaction mechanism is *** is found that adding CS to the coke and PG system can increase the rate of PG decomposition and SO_(2)yield while lowering the PG decomposition *** example,when the CS/PG mass ratio increases from 0 to 1,PG decomposition rate increases from 83.38%to 99.35%,SO_(2)yield increases from 78.62%to 96.81%,and PG decomposition temperature decreases from 992.4℃to 949.6℃.The optimal reaction parameters are CS/PG mass ratio of 1,Coke/PG mass ratio of 0.06 at 1100℃for 20 min with 99.35%PG decomposition rate and 96.81%SO_(2) *** process proceeds according to the following reactions:2CaSO_(4)+ 0.7C + 0.8Fe_(2)SiO_(4)→0.8Ca_(2)SiO_(4)+ 0.2Ca_(2)Fe_(2)O_(5)+ 0.4Fe_(3)O_(4)+2SO_(2)+ 0.7CO_(2)Finally,a process for decomposing PG with coke and CS is proposed.

关键词： Phosphogypsum Sulfur dioxide Copper slag Fluidized-bed Reduction Waste treatment

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On the Security of Homomorphic Encryption Schemes with Restricted Decryption Oracles

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2024年第5期37卷 2240-2261页

作者： ma Guangsheng LI Hongbo School of mathematics and Physics North China Electric Power University Academy of mathematics and Systems Science Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Fully homomorphic encryption（FHE） can be used for privacy-preserving aggregation of medical data. In this typical application, the security against passive attacks has been well studied by Li and Micciancio（2021）. In this paper, the authors further consider a “nearly passive” kind of attack, where the attacker may behave like a passive attacker in the view of the third-party *** capture the security against this hard-to-detect attack, the authors propose a new notion of IND-CPArDsecurity. The authors show that the standard LWE encryption and its related FHE schemes can not defend against IND-CPArDattack, even under a stricter rule limiting the content and number of queries made by the attacker. To make the application of FHE schemes more secure, the authors discuss some possible modifications that may serve as countermeasures to IND-CPArDattack.

关键词： Homomorphic encryption privacy secure cloud computing security

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A review of recent advances in the effects of surface and interface properties on marine propellers

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Friction 2024年第2期12卷 185-214页

作者： manfu ZHU Liran ma State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

marine propellers are important propulsion devices for both surface ships and underwater *** severe environmental problems have required further performance enhancement for ***,traditional methods to improve propeller performances through geometrical and structural optimizations have been extensively investigated,while the underlying mechanisms of the effects of surface and interface properties on marine propellers are still far from being fully *** paper presented a comprehensive review of recent advances in the effects of surface and interface properties,such as surface roughness and surface wettability,on marine propellers with an emphasis on the significant improvements in both hydrodynamic and cavitation performances,hoping to arouse more in-depth investigations in the field of surface/interface science and technologies on marine propellers,and also promote the state-of-the-art technologies,such as superlubricity technology,into practical applications.

关键词： marine propellers hydrodynamics cavitation surface roughness surface wettability

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Damping Characteristic Analysis and Optimization of Wind-thermal-bundled Power Transmission by LCC-HVDC Systems

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2024年第1期12卷 299-312页

作者： Liwen Zheng Shiying ma the Power System Department China Electric Power Research InstituteBeijing 100192China

With the rapid development of renewable energy,wind-thermal-bundled power transmission by line-commutated converter based high-voltage direct current(LCC-HVDC)systems has been widely *** dynamic interaction mechanisms among permanent magnet synchronous generators(PMSGs),synchronous generators(SGs),and LCC-HVDC system become *** deal with this issue,a path analysis method(PAM)is proposed to study the dynamic interaction mechanism,and the damping reconstruction is used to analyze the damping characteristic of the ***,based on the modular modeling,linearized models for the PMSG subsystem,the LCC-HVDC subsystem,and the SG subsystem are ***,based on the closed-loop transfer function diagram of the system,the disturbance transfer path and coupling relationship among subsystems are analyzed by the PAM,and the damping characteristic analysis of the SG-dominated oscillation mode is studied based on the damping *** with the PAM,the small-signal model of the system is obtained and eigenvalue analysis results are ***,the effect of the control parameters on the damping characteristic is analyzed and the conclusions are verified by time-domain ***,the penalty functions of the oscillation modes and decay modes are taken as the objective function,and an optimization strategy based on the Monte Carlo method is proposed to solve the parameter optimization *** simulation results are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.

关键词： Wind-thermal-bundled power transmission line-commutated converter based high-voltage direct current(LCC-HVDC) path analysis method(PAM) damping characteristic analysis Monte Carlo method

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