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Emerging concepts underlying selective neuromuscular dysfunction in infantile-onset spinal muscular atrophy

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第10期16卷 1978-1984页

作者： kishore Gollapalli Jeong-ki kim Umrao R.Monani Department of Neurology Columbia University Medical CenterNew YorkNYUSA Department of Pathology&Cell Biology Columbia University Medical CenterNew YorkNYUSA Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease Columbia University Medical CenterNew YorkNYUSA

Infantile-onset spinal muscular atrophy is the quintessential example of a disorder characterized by a predominantly neurodegenerative phenotype that nevertheless stems from perturbations in a housekeeping *** from low levels of the Survival of Motor Neuron(SMN)protein,spinal muscular atrophy manifests mainly as a lower motor neuron *** this is so and whether other cell types contribute to the classic spinal muscular atrophy phenotype continue to be the subject of intense investigation and are only now gaining ***,what is emerging is sometimes as puzzling as it is instructive,arguing for a careful re-examination of recent study outcomes,raising questions about established dogma in the field and making the case for a greater focus on milder spinal muscular atrophy models as tools to identify key mechanisms driving selective neuromuscular dysfunction in the *** review examines the evidence for novel molecular and cellular mechanisms that have recently been implicated in spinal muscular atrophy,highlights breakthroughs,points out caveats and poses questions that ought to serve as the basis of new investigations to better understand and treat this and other more common neurodegenerative disorders.

关键词： motor neuron neurodegeneration neuromuscular spinal muscular atrophy splicing

A simple,sensitive and non-destructive technique for characterizing bovine dental enamel erosion:attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

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International Journal of Oral Science 2016年第1期8卷 54-60页

作者： In-Hye kim Jun Sik Son Bong ki Min Young Kyoung kim Kyo-Han kim Tae-Yub Kwon Department of Dental Science Graduate SchoolKyungpook National UniversityDaeguKorea Korea Textile Development Institute DaeguKorea Center for Research Facilities Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsanKorea Department of Conservative Dentistry School of DentistryKyungpook National UniversityDaeguKorea Department of Dental Biomaterials School of DentistryKyungpook National UniversityDaeguKorea

Although many techniques are available to assess enamel erosion in vitro, a simple, non-destructive method with sufficient sensitivity for quantifying dental erosion is required. This study characterized the bovine dental enamel erosion induced by various acidic beverages in vitro using attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared （ATR-FTIR） spectroscopy. Deionized water （control） and 10 acidic beverages were selected to study erosion, and the pH and neutralizable acidity were measured. Bovine anterior teeth （110） were polished with up to 1 200-grit silicon carbide paper to produce flat enamel surfaces, which were then immersed in 20 mL of the beverages for 30 min at 37 ℃. The degree of erosion was evaluated using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and Vickers＇ microhardness measurements. The spectra obtained were interpreted in two ways that focused on the ~1, ~3 phosphate contour： the ratio of the height amplitude of ~3 P04 to that of/11 P04 （Method 1） and the shift of the v3 P04 peak to a higher wavenumber （Method 2）. The percentage changes in microhardness after the erosion treatments were primarily affected by the pH of the immersion media. Regression analyses revealed highly significant correlations between the surface hardness change and the degree of erosion, as detected by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy （P〈0.001）. Method 1 was the most sensitive to these changes, followed by surface hardness change measurements and Method 2. This study suggests that ATR- FTIR spectroscopy is potentially advantageous over the microhardness test as a simple, non-destructive, sensitive technique for the quantification of enamel erosion.

关键词： acidic beverage enamel erosion Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy microhardness sensitivity

Biologically inspired ultrathin arrayed camera for high-contrast and high-resolution imaging

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Light(Science & Applications) 2020年第1期9卷 1742-1748页

作者： kisoo kim Kyung-Won Jang Jae-Kwan Ryu ki-Hun Jeong Department of Bio and Brain Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology(KAIST)291 Daehak-roYuseong-guDaejeon 34141Republic of Korea KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology KAISTDaejeon 34141Republic of Korea Unmanned/Robotic Systems Lab. LIG Nex1 Co.LtdSeongnam 13488Republic of Korea

Compound eyes found in insects provide intriguing sources of biological inspiration for miniaturised imaging ***,we report an ultrathin arrayed camera inspired by insect eye structures for high-contrast and super-resolution *** ultrathin camera features micro-optical elements(MOEs),i.e.,inverted microlenses,multilayered pinhole arrays,and gap spacers on an image *** MOE was fabricated by using repeated photolithography and thermal *** fully packaged camera shows a total track length of 740μm and a field-of-view(FOV)of 73°.The experimental results demonstrate that the multilayered pinhole of the MOE allows high-contrast imaging by eliminating the optical crosstalk between *** integral image reconstructed from array images clearly increases the modulation transfer function(MTF)by~1.57 times compared to that of a single channel image in the ultrathin *** ultrathin arrayed camera provides a novel and practical direction for diverse mobile,surveillance or medical applications.

关键词： resolution high camera

Multi-redox phenazine/non-oxidized graphene/cellulose nanohybrids as ultrathick cathodes for high-energy organic batteries

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维普期刊数据库

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Nano Research 2021年第5期14卷 1382-1389页

作者： Youngjin Ham Vitalii Ri Jin kim Yeoheung Yoon Jinho Lee kisuk Kang ki-Seok An Chunjoong kim Seokwoo Jeon Department of Materials Science and Engineering Advanced Battery CenterKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology(KAIST)Daejeon34141Republic of Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering Chungnam National UniversityDaejeon34134Republic of Korea Thin Film Materials Research Center Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology(KRICT)Daejeon34114Republic of Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering Seoul National UniversitySeoul08826Republic of Korea

Various redox-active organic molecules can serve as ideal electrode materials to realize sustainable energy storage systems. Yet, to be more appropriate for practical use, considerable architectural engineering of an ultrathick, high-loaded organic electrode with reliable electrochemical performance is of crucial importance. Here, by utilizing the synergetic effect of the non-covalent functionalization of highly conductive non-oxidized graphene flakes (NOGFs) and introduction of mechanically robust cellulose nanofiber (CNF)-intermingled structure, a very thick (≈ 1 mm), freestanding organic nanohybrid electrode which ensures the superiority in cycle stability and areal capacity is reported. The well-developed ion/electron pathways throughout the entire thickness and the enhanced kinetics of electrochemical reactions in the ultrathick 5,10-dihydro-5,10-dimethylphenazine/NOGF/CNF (DMPZ-NC) cathodes lead to the high areal energy of 9.4 mWh·cm−2 (= 864 Wh·kg−1 at 158 W·kg−1). This novel ultrathick electrode architecture provides a general platform for the development of the high-performance organic battery electrodes.

关键词： energy storage organic electrodes batteries graphene cellulose nanofibers

Extremely rare case of necrotizing gastritis in a patient with autoimmune hepatitis: A case report

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维普期刊数据库

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2021年第14期9卷 3472-3477页

作者： Seung ki Moon Jeong-Ju Yoo Sang Gyune kim Young Seok kim Department of Internal Medicine Soonchunhyang University Bucheon HospitalBucheon 14584South Korea Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Soonchunhyang University School of MedicineBucheon 14584South Korea

BACKGROUND Autoimmune hepatitis can cause liver fibrosis,liver cirrhosis,and hepatocellular *** treatment option include the use of steroids and/or immunesuppressive agents such as ***,these drugs have some side ***,close follow-up is needed during ***,we present an extremely rare case of a patient with an autoimmune hepatitis who died from necrotizing gastritis during immunosuppressive *** SUMMARY A 52-year-old female patient was diagnosed with autoimmune *** treated this patient with immunosuppressive ***-dose steroid treatment was initially *** azathioprine treatment was added while steroid was *** weeks after the start of treatment,she visited the emergency room due to generalized abdominal pain and *** computed tomography scan,the patient was diagnosed with necrotizing gastritis and the patient progressed to septic *** for sepsis was continued in the intensive care ***,the patient died at 6 h after admission to the emergency *** In patients with autoimmune infections undergoing immunosuppressant therapy,rare complications such as necrotizing gastritis may occur,thus requiring clinical attention.

关键词： Autoimmune hepatitis Azathioprine Case report

Validation of Sea Level Data in the East Asian Marginal Seas: Comparison between TOPEX/POSEIDON Altimeter and In-Situ Tide Gauges

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维普期刊数据库

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2003年第4期20卷 650-660页

作者： Yong-Hoon YOUN Im Sang OH ki-Hyun kim Young-Hyang PARK Jong Woo kim Meteorological Research Institute/Korea Meteorological Administration SeoulKoreaResearch Institute of OceanographySeoul National UniversitySeoulKoreaDepartment of Earth SciencesSejing UniversitySeoulKoreaLaboratoire d'Oceanographie PhysiqueMuseum National d'Histoire NaturelleParisDepartment of Earth SciencesSejong UniversitySeoulKorea

In an effort to assess the reliability of satellite altimeter systems, the authors conduct a comparative analysis of sea level data that were collected from the TOPEX/POSEIDON (T/P) altimeter and 10 tide gauges (TG) near the satellite passing ground tracks. The analysis is made using datasets collected from marginal sea regions surrounding the Korean Peninsula at T/P cycles of 2 to 230, which correspond to October 1992 to December 1998. Proper treatment of tidal errors is a very critical step in data processing because the study area has very strong tide. When the T/P data are processed, the procedures of Park and Gamberoni (1995) are adapted to reduce errors associated with the tide. When the T/P data are processed in this way, the alias periods of M2, S2, and K1 constituents are found to be 62.1, 58.7, and 173 days repectively. The compatibility of the T/P and TG datasets are examined at various filtering periods. The results indicate that the low-frequency signals of the T/P data can be interpreted more safely with longer filtering periods (such as up to the maximum selected value of 200 days). When RMS errors for the 200-day low-pass filter period are compared with all 10 tidal stations, the values span the range of 2.8 to 6.7 cm. The results of a correlation analysis for this filtering period also show a strong agreement between the T/P and TG datasets across all stations investigated (e.g.,p- values consistently less than 0.001). Hence according to the analysis, the conclusion is made that the analysis of surface sea level using satellite altimeter data can be made safely with reasonably extended filtering periods such as 200 days.

关键词： sea level TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter tide gauge

An englacial image and water pathways of the Fourcade glacier on king George Island, Antarctic Peninsula, inferred from ground-penetrating radar

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Science China Earth Sciences 2010年第6期53卷 892-900页

作者： LEE Joohan kim ki Young HONG Jong Kuk JIN Young Keun Korea Polar Research Institute Songdo Techno Park7-50 Songdo-dong Yeonsu-gu Incheon 406-840 Korea Department of Geophysics Kangwon National UniversityChunchon 200-701 Korea

The distribution of small fractures and water content of the Fourcade glacier on king George Island, Antarctica, was investigated in November 2006 and December 2007 by two ground-based (470-and 490-m-long profiles) and one helicopter-borne (470-m-long profile) ground-penetrating radar (GPR) surveys using 50-, 100-, and 500-MHz antennas. Radar images in the pre-migrated GPR sections are characterized by a smooth ice surface and irregular bed topography, numerous diffraction hyperbolas in the ice and at the glacier bed, strong scattering noise, and near-surface folded layers. Scattering noise above a mound in the center of the profiles is associated with an area of dense fractures extending down from the ice surface that has relatively low reflection strength. Near the northeast ends of the profiles where few englacial fractures occur, scattering noise may result from the presence of warmer ice. A water-filled conduit and an air-filled cavity are interpreted as the source of two distinct hyperbolas in sub-glacial valleys based on the polarity of the reflections. Through migration velocity analysis on 106 hyperbolas, radar velocities were obtained for the 100-MHz ground-based profile. Using the velocities and Paren’s mixture formula, we calculated the water content of the ice to have been in the range of 0.00–0.09. High water content occurs near the glacier margin, in sub-glacial valleys, and in zones of scattering noise.

关键词： GPR water content Fourcade glacier scattering noise migration velocity analysis fractures

Optimal design of FRMSM to decrease detent force

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Journal of Central South University 2011年第2期18卷 458-464页

作者： JANG ki-Bong PYO Se-Ho AN Ho-Jin kim Gyu-Tak School of Mechatronics Changwon National University

An optimal configuration of the flux-reversal linear synchronous motor (FRLSM) with the optimal number of attachment permanent magnets (PMs) was presented. The optimal model of 2 000 N was designed to reduce the detent force by redesigning the air-gap structure and skewing. The design parameters,mover PMs and stator core,were selected for optimal design by DOE. The thrust and the detent force of the designed optimal models were compared by finite element analysis (FEA). As a result,the thrust of the optimal model is slightly decreased by 1.97% compared with the basic model,and the detent force of the optimal model is greatly decreased by 88.47% compared with the basic model.

关键词： flux-reversal linear synchronous motor detent force thrust design of experiment skew and overhang

A facile synthesis of hierarchical Sn3O4 nanostructures in an acidic aqueous solution and their strong visible- light-driven photocatalytic activity

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Nano Research 2015年第11期8卷 3553-3561页

作者： Hui Song Su-Young Son Seul ki kim Gun Young Jung School of Materials Science and Engineering Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) Gwangju 500-712 Republic of Korea Carbon Convergence Materials Research Center Institute of Advanced Composite Materials Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Jeollabuk-do 565-905 Republic of Korea

Hierarchical tin（Ⅲ） oxide, Sn3O4, nanospheres were synthesized via hydrothermal reaction under strongly acidic ambient conditions. The morphology of Sn3O4 varied with decreasing pH. The prickly SnaO4 nanospheres changed into SnaO4 nanospheres covered with single-crystalline nanoplates having a high BET surface area of ca. 55.05 m^2·g^-1 and a band gap of ca. 2.25 eV. Small amounts （0.05 g） of the hierarchical Sn3O4 nanostructures completely decomposed a 30% methyl orange （MO） solution in 100 mL deionized water within 15 min under one sun condition （UV ＋ visible light）. The Sn3O4 photocatalyst exhibited a fast decomposition rate of 1.73 ×10^-1 min^-1, which is a 90.86% enhancement relative to that of the commercially available P25 photocatalyst. The high photocatalytic activity of the hierarchical Sn3O4 nanostructures is attributed to its ability to absorb visible light and its high surface-to-volume ratio.

关键词： Sn3O4 hierarchical structure hydrothermal morphology engineering photocatalyst