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A Novel Approach to Energy Optimization:Efficient Path Selection in Wireless Sensor Networks with Hybrid ANN

Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第5期79卷 2945-2970页

作者： muhammad Salman Qamar Ihsan ulHaq Amil Daraz atif MAlamri Salman A.AlQahtani muhammad Fahad Munir Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering International Islamic UniversityIslamabad44000Pakistan School of Information Science and Engineering NingboTech UniversityNingbo315100China Software Engineering Department College of Computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11495Saudi Arabia Computer Engineering Department College of Computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11495Saudi Arabia

In pursuit of enhancing the Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs)energy efficiency and operational lifespan,this paper delves into the domain of energy-efficient routing ***,the limited energy resources of Sensor Nodes(SNs)are a big challenge for ensuring their efficient and reliable *** data gathering involves the utilization of a mobile sink(MS)to mitigate the energy consumption problem through periodic network *** mobile sink(MS)strategy minimizes energy consumption and latency by visiting the fewest nodes or predetermined locations called rendezvous points(RPs)instead of all cluster heads(CHs).CHs subsequently transmit packets to neighboring *** unique determination of this study is the shortest path to reach *** the mobile sink(MS)concept has emerged as a promising solution to the energy consumption problem in WSNs,caused by multi-hop data collection with static *** this study,we proposed two novel hybrid algorithms,namely“ Reduced k-means based on Artificial Neural Network”(RkM-ANN)and“Delay Bound Reduced kmeans with ANN”(DBRkM-ANN)for designing a fast,efficient,and most proficient MS path depending upon rendezvous points(RPs).The first algorithm optimizes the MS’s latency,while the second considers the designing of delay-bound paths,also defined as the number of paths with delay over bound for the *** methods use a weight function and k-means clustering to choose RPs in a way that maximizes efficiency and guarantees network-wide *** addition,a method of using MS scheduling for efficient data collection is *** simulations and comparisons to several existing algorithms have shown the effectiveness of the suggested methodologies over a wide range of performance indicators.

关键词： Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs) mobile sink(MS) rendezvous point(RP) machine learning Artificial Neural Networks(ANNs)

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Implications of electrode modifications in aqueous organic redox flow batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第8期95卷 499-510,I0011页

作者： Zahid Manzoor Bhat Mohammad Furquan muhammad Aurang Zeb Gul Sial Umair Alam atif Saeed Alzahrani Mohammad Qamar Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen Technologies and Carbon Management(IRC-HTCM) King Fahd University of Petroleum&Minerals(KFUPM)Dhahran 31261Saudi Arabia Department of Materials Science and Engineering King Fahd University of Petroleum and MineralsDhahran 31261Saudi Arabia Interdisciplinary Research Center for Sustainable Energy Systems(IRC-SES) King Fahd University of Petroleum and MineralsDhahran 31261Saudi Arabia

Aqueous organic redox flow batteries(RFBs)exhibit favorable characteristics,such as tunability,multielectron transfer capability,and stability of the redox active molecules utilized as anolytes and catholytes,making them very viable contenders for large-scale grid storage *** attention has been paid on the development of efficient redox-active molecules and their performance optimization through chemical substitutions at various places on the backbone as part of the pursuit for high-performance *** the fact that electrodes are vital to optimal performance,they have not garnered significant *** research has been conducted on the effects of electrode modifications to improve the performance of *** primary emphasis has been given on the impact of electrode engineering to augment the efficiency of aqueous organic *** overview of electron transfer at the electrode-electrolyte interface is *** implications of electrode modification on the performance of redox flow batteries,with a particular focus on the anodic and cathodic half-cells separately,are then *** each section,significant discrepancies surrounding the effects of electrode engineering are thoroughly examined and ***,we have presented a comprehensive assessment along with our perspectives on the future trajectory.

关键词： Redox flow batteries Electrode modification Organic redox molecules Outer sphere and inner sphere

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Comparative analysis of SIMILAR to RCD ONE(SRO)family from tetraploid cotton species and their diploid progenitors depict their significance in cotton growth and development

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Journal of Cotton Research 2024年第1期7卷 45-57页

作者： SHABAN muhammad TABASSUM Riaz RANA Iqrar Ahmad atif Rana muhammad AZMAT muhammad Abubakkar IQBAL Zubair MAJEED Sajid AZHAR muhammad Tehseen Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics University of Agriculture FaisalabadSub-Campus BurewalaVehari 61010Pakistan Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of AgricultureFaisalabad 38400Pakistan Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology University of AgricultureFaisalabad 38400Pakistan Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics University of AgricultureFaisalabad 38400Pakistan Precision Agriculture and Analytics Lab National Centre in Big Data and Cloud ComputingCentre for Advanced Studies in Agriculture and Food SecurityUniversity of Agriculture FaisalabadFaisalabad 38400Pakistan Department of Plant Pathology University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology Institute of Cotton ResearchChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesAnyangHenan 455000China Federal Seed Certification and Registration Department Ministry of National Food Security and ResearchIslamabad 44090Pakistan School of Agriculture Sciences Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450000China

Background SRO(Similar to RCD1)genes family is largely recognized for their importance in the growth,develop-ment,and in responding to environmental ***,genome-wide identification and functional characteri-zation of SRO genes from cotton species have not been reported so *** A total of 36 SRO genes were identified from four cotton *** analysis divided these genes into three groups with distinct *** and chromosomal distribution analysis indicated uneven distribu-tion of GaSRO,GrSRO,GhSRO,and GbSRO genes on A2,D5 genomes,Gh-At,Gh-Dt,Gb-At,and Gb-Dt subgenomes,*** duplication analysis revealed the presence of six duplicated gene pairs among GhSRO *** promoter analysis,several elements responsive to the growth,development and hormones were found in GhSRO genes,implying gene induction during cotton growth and *** miRNAs responsive to plant growth and abiotic stress were predicted to target 12 GhSRO ***-specific expression profiling demonstrated the roles of GhSRO genes in one or more *** addition,specific expression pattern of some GhSRO genes dur-ing ovule development depicted their involvement in these developmental *** The data presented in this report laid a foundation for understanding the classification and functions of SRO genes in cotton.

关键词： Cotton SRO miRNAs Gene duplications Gene expression Ovule development

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印度河上游流域冰川度日因子变化及其影响因素

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干旱区研究 2020年第1期37卷 264-274页

作者：巫建逢张寅生高海峰邹小娟 muhammad atif wazir 中国科学院青藏高原研究所青藏高原环境变化与地表过程重点实验室北京100101 中国科学院大学北京100049 中国科学院青藏高原地球科学卓越创新中心北京100101 巴基斯坦气象局伊斯兰堡44000

当前,基于正积温的度日模型广泛应用于冰川消融研究中,该模型的核心参数是度日因子。根据印度河上游Sachen、Gharko、Barpu冰川2014-2016年的物质平衡和气温实测资料,计算得到消融期内各冰川研究区的度日因子,并分析了度日因子的时空变... 详细信息

当前,基于正积温的度日模型广泛应用于冰川消融研究中,该模型的核心参数是度日因子。根据印度河上游Sachen、Gharko、Barpu冰川2014-2016年的物质平衡和气温实测资料,计算得到消融期内各冰川研究区的度日因子,并分析了度日因子的时空变化特征及影响因素。研究结果显示:Sachen、Gharko、Barpu冰川度日因子均值分别为2. 83 mm·d^-1·℃-1、3. 74 mm·d^-1·℃^-1、3. 91 mm·d^-1·℃^-1;各冰川度日因子皆随着海拔升高而递增,海拔递增率分别为0. 003 7 mm·d^-1·℃^-1·m^-1、0. 007 4 mm·d^-1·℃^-1·m^-1、0. 004 1 mm·d^-1·℃^-1·m^-1;对于同一观测点而言,度日因子不是一个常数,会随着时间的变化而改变,冰川度日因子随着年际变化呈增加的趋势;度日因子受表碛影响显著,度日因子整体上随着表碛厚度的增加而递减。然而表碛厚度低于2 cm时,表碛的覆盖作用促进了冰川的消融,表碛覆盖区冰川度日因子大于裸露区冰川;冰川朝向的变化对度日因子产生了一定的影响,面向阳坡的冰川度日因子随海拔递增率大于阴坡。

关键词：冰川度日因子冰川消融量印度河上游流域

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印度河上游Bagrot山谷降水稳定同位素变化及与水汽来源的关系

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干旱区地理 2019年第2期42卷 252-262页

作者：王邺凡余武生张寅生张腾高海峰 muhammad atif wazir 中国科学院青藏高原研究所青藏高原环境变化与地表过程重点实验室北京100101 中国科学院大学北京10049 中国科学院青藏高原地球科学卓越创新中心北京100101 巴基斯坦气象局巴基斯坦伊斯兰堡44000

利用2015年8月—2016年7月在印度河上游流域Bagrot山谷降水稳定同位素(δ^(18)O和δD)观测结果以及当地气象资料,利用同位素示踪及统计分析方法,并结合HYSPLIT模型,对研究区降水稳定同位素变化特征、大气水线以及水汽来源进行了分析。... 详细信息

利用2015年8月—2016年7月在印度河上游流域Bagrot山谷降水稳定同位素(δ^(18)O和δD)观测结果以及当地气象资料,利用同位素示踪及统计分析方法,并结合HYSPLIT模型,对研究区降水稳定同位素变化特征、大气水线以及水汽来源进行了分析。结果表明:观测期间Bagrot山谷降水稳定同位素的季节变化明显,δ^(18)O与δD秋冬季偏低,春夏季偏高,且与气温变化一致,存在显著的温度效应,而降水量效应不明显。而且发现研究区局地大气水线截距和斜率均低于全球的,反映了降水过程中云下二次蒸发作用较为强烈,因此,不同的降水形态导致该研究区局地大气水线的斜率和截距不同。当液态降水(降雨)发生时,由于在较为干旱的气候环境下,雨滴在降落的过程中受到二次蒸发相对较强,使得局地大气水线的斜率和截距偏低;而当固态降水(降雪)发生时,由于温度较低,受再循环水汽和二次蒸发的影响较小,导致局地大气水线的斜率和截距均偏高。Bagrot山谷及其周边地区,从南到北局地大气水线的斜率相差不大,而其截距总体上随着纬度升高而降低,可能与云下二次蒸发导致稳定同位素发生的不平衡分馏逐渐强烈有关。通过Bagrot山谷站点降水稳定同位素观测结果并结合HYSPLIT模型的后向追踪,研究还发现,研究区全年主要受西风环流以及局地环流的影响。但与研究区以北的临近站点(慕士塔格、和田等)相比有所不同,由于Bagrot山谷位置更靠南,其仍然偶尔受到来自南方的海洋性水汽影响。这一研究结果可能对该地区树轮稳定同位素记录的解译具有一定的指示意义。

关键词：印度河上游降水稳定同位素大气水线水汽来源

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Plant Nitrogen Metabolism: Balancing Resilience to Nutritional Stress andAbiotic Challenges

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2024年第3期93卷 581-609页

作者： muhammad Farhan Manda Sathish Rafia Kiran Aroosa Mushtaq Alaa Baazeem Ammarah Hasnain Fahad Hakim Syed atif Hasan Naqvi Mustansar Mubeen Yasir Iftikhar Aqleem Abbas muhammad Zeeshan Hassan Mahmoud Moustafa Department of Plant Pathology Faculty of Agricultural Sciences&TechnologyBahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultan60800Pakistan Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule(CIEAM) Vicerrectoría de Investigación y PostgradoUniversidad Católica del MauleTalca3460000Chile College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering China Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina Department of Biology College of ScienceTaif UniversityP.O.Box 11099Taif21944Saudi Arabia Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Biological SciencesLahore University of Biological and Applied SciencesLahorePakistan Department of Plant Pathology College of AgricultureUniversity of SargodhaSargodha40100Pakistan Department of Agriculture and Food Technology Karakorum International UniversityGilgitPakistan Department of Biology Faculty of ScienceKing Khalid UniversityAbhaSaudi Arabia

Plant growth and resilience to abiotic stresses,such as soil salinity and drought,depend intricately on nitrogen *** review explores nitrogen’s regulatory role in plant responses to these challenges,unveiling a dynamic interplay between nitrogen availability and abiotic *** the context of soil salinity,a nuanced rela-tionship emerges,featuring both antagonistic and synergistic interactions between salinity and nitrogen ***-induced chlorophyll depletion in plants can be alleviated by optimal nitrogen supplementation;however,excessive nitrogen can exacerbate salinity *** delve into the complexities of this interaction and its agri-cultural ***,a vital element within essential plant structures like chloroplasts,elicits diverse responses based on its *** review comprehensively examines manifestations of nitrogen deﬁciency and toxicity across various crop types,including cereals,vegetables,legumes,and ***,we explore the broader consequences of nitrogen products,such as N_(2)O,NO_(2),and ammonia,on human ***-ing the intricate relationship between nitrogen and salinity,especially chloride accumulation in nitrate-fed plants and sodium buildup in ammonium-fed plants,is pivotal for optimizing crop nitrogen ***,prudent nitrogen use is essential,as overapplication can exacerbate nitrogen-related *** Use Efﬁ-ciency(NUE)is of paramount importance in addressing salinity challenges and enhancing sustainable crop *** this goal requires advancements in crop varieties with efﬁcient nitrogen utilization,pre-cise timing and placement of nitrogen fertilizer application,and thoughtful nitrogen source selection to mitigate losses,particularly urea-based fertilizer *** review article delves into the multifaceted world of plant nitrogen metabolism and its pivotal role in enabling plant resilience to nutritional stress and abiotic chall

关键词： Synthetic nitrogen nitrogen signaling sustainable agriculture eutrophication ammonium nitrate

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巴基斯坦谢胡普拉农业区优先流三维结构及其影响因素

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中国水土保持科学 2024年第3期22卷 20-27页

作者： muhammad atif 牛健植 muhammad Haris MALIK Zoha 北京林业大学水土保持学院北京100083

优先流是水通过土壤中特定路径的运动,而不是水在土壤结构里均匀地流动。由于土壤的异质性,例如裂缝、根通道或虫洞,这些优先流动路径经常形成。这种分形图案使理解和描述首选流动路线的行为变得具有挑战性。为了准确地进行水和溶质的输... 详细信息

优先流是水通过土壤中特定路径的运动,而不是水在土壤结构里均匀地流动。由于土壤的异质性,例如裂缝、根通道或虫洞,这些优先流动路径经常形成。这种分形图案使理解和描述首选流动路线的行为变得具有挑战性。为了准确地进行水和溶质的输送,需要花费大量时间来理解和描述优先流路的增长和演变。传统模型需要改进来捕捉优先流的复杂和非线性行为。选取4块120 cm×120 cm样地,对4块样地进行染料示踪实验,以确认溶质和水的优选流动模式。数据已在Origin Lab中进行分析,以创建3D图表,并使用Sketchu p-2021 Pro向每个绘图提供0.50 L亮蓝溶液(5 g/L)。每个地块包含3个垂直的土壤剖面,每个剖面深150 cm,并且剖面墙经过广泛的刀具准备。将亮蓝留在表面24 h以渗透到土壤表面。结果表明:优先流在压实度最小且大孔隙连续性保持的区域最为突出。相反,压实的影响导致压实区域微孔隙率降低和优先流动模式减弱。亮蓝色在土壤中的最大深度可达15.5 cm。FCP的运动取决于不同的因素,如根部、毛孔、裂缝等。亮蓝色在根部可用的地方达到最大深度。在本研究中,通过使用Sketch Pro软件以三维方式显示亮蓝色运动,以便更好地理解它。此外,本研究揭示压实和随后的恢复过程如何影响土壤对水流和地表径流的敏感性。全面的3D表示,这项研究提供了对水流通道的形成和演化的深入理解。根据本研究发现的水流模式,在没有压实作用的较高位置,大孔隙连续性得以保留,择流最强。由于压实作用,微孔隙度下降,且越下侧越弱。该研究可以更好地理解水流通道的创建和演化。该研究增强对优先流及其在自然和农业生态系统中养分和水循环中的作用的了解。从这项研究中获得的见解可以为制定改进的农业用地管理策略提供信息,促进可持续和高效的水资源管理。

关键词：优先流土壤异质性压实效应大孔隙

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Pregnancy stressors and postpartum symptoms of depression and anxiety:the moderating role of a cognitivebehavioural therapy(CBT)intervention

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General Psychiatry 2024年第1期37卷 112-121页

作者： Yunxiang Sun Soim Park Abid Malik Najia atif Ahmed Zaidi atif Rahman Pamela J Surkan Department of International Health Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA Department of Public Mental Health Health Services AcademyIslamabadPakistan Human Development Research Foundation RawalpindiPakistan Department of Primary Care and Mental Health Institute of Population HealthUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK

Background Little is known about the association between stressors(especially positive stressors)during pregnancy and postpartum depression and *** We investigated the association between positive and negative stress events during different stages of pregnancy and postpartum mental health outcomes among low-income pregnant women with symptoms of anxiety in Pakistan and evaluated whether an intervention based on cognitive behavioural therapy(CBT)had a regulatory *** Participants were 621 pregnant Pakistani women with mild *** the Pregnancy Experience Scale-Brief Version,six scores were created to assess positive and negative *** performed a multivariate linear regression to examine whether these six scores,measured both at baseline and in the third trimester,were associated with postpartum anxiety and depressive *** effect of the intervention on this relationship was examined by adding an interaction term to the regression *** Hassles frequency measured in the third trimester was positively associated with depression(B=0.22,95%confidence interval(Cl):0.09 to 0.36)and anxiety(B=0.19,95%Cl:0.08to 0.30).At the same timepoint,uplifts intensity was negatively associated with symptoms of depression(B=-0.82,95%Cl:1.46 to-0.18)and anxiety(B=-0.70,95%Cl:-1.25 to-0.15),whereas hassles intensity was positively related to symptoms of depression(B=1.02,95%Cl:0.36 to 1.67)and anxiety(B=0.90,95%Cl:0.34 to 1.47).The intensity ratio of hassles to uplifts reported in the third trimester was positively related to both depression(B=1.40,95%Cl:0.59 to 2.20)and anxiety(B=1.26,95%Cl:0.57 to 1.96).The intervention strengthened the overall positive effects of uplfts and the negative effects of *** experiences at baseline during early pregnancy to mid-pregnancy were not associated with mental health *** Stressors in the third trimester but not earlier in pregnancy were associated with postpartum symptoms

关键词： postpartum stress behaviour

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云南省陇川县脐橙园土壤和叶片养分现状研究

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中国土壤与肥料 2024年

作者：朱燕君施祖益史行健郝云迪郭晓行权铁林龙泉 muhammad atif Muneer 张江周福建农林大学资源与环境学院/国际镁营养研究所中国农业大学资源与环境学院/国家农业绿色发展研究院/植物-土壤相互作用教育部重点实验室

研究云南省陇川县脐橙园土壤与叶片养分状况，为脐橙园科学施肥提供理论依据。在脐橙园采集土壤（0～20和20～40 cm土层）和叶片样品，测定土壤和叶片养分含量，明确其丰缺状况，并计算土壤肥力综合指数。结果表明：在0～20 cm土层，土... 详细信息

研究云南省陇川县脐橙园土壤与叶片养分状况，为脐橙园科学施肥提供理论依据。在脐橙园采集土壤（0～20和20～40 cm土层）和叶片样品，测定土壤和叶片养分含量，明确其丰缺状况，并计算土壤肥力综合指数。结果表明：在0～20 cm土层，土壤pH平均为5.43，31.7%的果园土壤pH在5.5～6.5，80%以上的脐橙园土壤有机质、有效磷、速效钾和微量元素含量（有效铜除外）处于适宜及以上水平，超过60%的土壤交换性钙、镁和有效铜含量处于缺乏水平；在20～40 cm土层，土壤pH变幅在4.22～7.49，91.4%的土壤有机质含量>15 g·kg-1，交换性钙、镁和有效铜含量低，其他养分处于适宜及以上水平。0～20 cm土层土壤pH、速效钾、交换性镁和微量元素（有效铁除外）含量显著高于20～40 cm，其他指标在两个土层间无显著差异。叶片磷、钾、钙和微量元素含量处于适宜及以上水平，49.3%的叶片氮含量和87.3%的镁含量处于较低水平。0～20和20～40 cm土层土壤综合肥力指数分别为0.57和0.46，均为中等水平。综上，陇川县脐橙园土壤pH较低，土壤交换性钙、镁及有效铜含量缺乏，其他养分适宜，叶片氮和镁含量严重不足，其他营养元素含量为适量及以上水平。因此，在生产中应适当施用石灰或碱性肥料调节土壤pH，土施或叶片喷施钙肥、镁肥和铜肥，提高脐橙园土壤和叶片营养水平，促进脐橙的提质增效。

关键词：脐橙土壤酸化土壤肥力综合指数叶片镁含量

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Web GIS-Based Temporal Analysis of Climatic Factors Impacting Heat Stroke in Karachi

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Journal of Geographic Information System 2024年第1期16卷 61-69页

作者： Ali atif Mahnoor Rehman muhammad Butt Syed Mahmood Shahid Ghazi Rashid Mehmood Department of Management Victoria University Sydney Australia Department of Geography Government College University Lahore Pakistan Department of Space Science University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan Centre of Geographic Information System University of The Punjab Lahore Pakistan

This study focuses on the impact of climate change, specifically the increasing threat of heatwaves, in Pakistan, with a particular emphasis on the city of Karachi. The Pakistan Meteorological Department (PMD) analysed a century of climatic data to reveal warming trends, attributing them to human-induced factors. The vulnerability of Pakistan to climate change is highlighted, given its warm climate and location in a region where temperature increases are expected to surpass global averages. The study examines the past three decades, noting a significant rise in the frequency of hot days, especially in Karachi, where heatwaves have become more prevalent. The aims and objectives of the study involve identifying temporal changes in temperature, rainfall, humidity, and wind speed from 1984 to 2014 in Karachi. The literature review emphasizes the health implications of heatwaves, citing increased mortality during such events globally. The study incorporates a comprehensive temporal analysis, addressing gaps in previous research by considering multiple climate indicators responsible for heatwaves. The methodology involves statistical analyses, including linear regression and Pearson correlation, applied to temperature data and urbanization parameters. Results indicate an increasing trend in heat index temperature, with heatwave vulnerability peaking in the last three decades. Heat Index Temperature Anomalies show a clear surge, emphasizing the need for new indices to control critical heat stress conditions. The study concludes that tropical climate variability, particularly heat index, is linked to extreme hot days, urging measures to reduce population vulnerability. The findings underscore the importance of policy strategies, such as integrated coastal zone management, to mitigate the adverse health effects of heatwaves in Karachi’s vulnerable population.

关键词： IPCC Heat Wave Heat Index PMD

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