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Aeolian activity in the southern Gurbantunggut Desert of China during the last 900 years

Journal of Arid Land 2023年第6期15卷 649-666页

作者： LI Wen mu guijin YE Changsheng XU Lishuai LI Gen Key Laboratory for Digital Land and Resources of Jiangxi Province East China University of TechnologyNanchang 330013China School of Earth Sciences East China University of TechnologyNanchang 330013China Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China College of Resources and Environment Shanxi Agricultural UniversityJinzhong 030801China

The mineral dust emitted from Central Asia has a significant influence on the global climate system.However,the history and mechanisms of aeolian activity in Central Asia remain unclear,due to the lack of well-dated records of aeolian activity and the intense wind erosion in some of the dust source areas(e.g.,deserts).Here,we present the records of aeolian activity from a sedimentary sequence in the southern Gurbantunggut Desert of China using grain size analysis and optically stimulated luminescence(OSL)dating,based on field sampling in 2019.Specifically,we used eight OSL dates to construct chronological frameworks and applied the end-member(EM)analysis for the grain size data to extract the information of aeolian activity in the southern Gurbantunggut Desert during the last 900 a.The results show that the grain size dataset can be subdivided into three EMs(EM1,EM2,and EM3).The primary modal sizes of these EMs(EM1,EM2,and EM3)are 126.00,178.00,and 283.00μm,respectively.EM1 represents a mixture of the suspension components and saltation dust,while EM2 and EM3 show saltation dust transported over a shorter distance via strengthened near-surface winds,which can be used to trace aeolian activity.Combined with the OSL chronology,our results demonstrate that during the last 900 a,more intensive and frequent aeolian activity occurred during 450-100 a BP(Before Present)(i.e.,the Little Ice Age(LIA)),which was reflected by a higher proportion of the coarse-grained components(EM2+EM3).Aeolian activity decreased during 900-450 a BP(i.e.,the Medieval Warm Period(MWP))and 100 a BP-present(i.e.,the Current Warm Period(CWP)).Intensified aeolian activity was associated with the strengthening of the Siberian High and cooling events at high northern latitudes.We propose that the Siberian High,under the influence of temperature changes at high northern latitudes,controlled the frequency and intensity of aeolian activity in Central Asia.Cooling at high northern latitudes would have significantly enhanced the Siberian High,causing i

关键词： aeolian activity grain size wind regime Little Ice Age Siberian High climatic drying Central Asia

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Preliminary studies on the large-scale geomorphic patterns of the complex longitudinal sand ridge zone in the Taklimakan Desert

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2008年第S2期53卷 177-189页

作者： YUE Jian LEI JiaQiang mu guijin Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Through analysis of satellite images from Google Earth, this article expounds the characteristics of large-scale geomorphic patterns of the complex longitudinal sand ridge zone in the Taklimakan Desert, and reduces the large-scale geomorphic patterns to six types: parallel pattern, "日"character-shaped and "乡" character-shaped pattern, comb-shaped pattern, fork-shaped pattern, toe-shaped pattern and miscellaneous pattern. And according to the large-scale geomorphic pattern type (or composition of pattern types) as well as some other factors, the article divides the complex longitudinal sand ridge zone into 55 subzones. Lastly, aiming at the genetic problems of the large-scale geomorphic patterns, the article suggests three connective types of the sand ridges in the complex longitudinal sand ridge zone, i.e., connecting or intersecting after natural elongation, connecting in a narrow place and connecting with the aid of intermediary.

关键词： Taklimakan Desert complex longitudinal sand ridges large-scale geomorphic pattern subzone Google Earth

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Estimation of the rational water area for controlling wind erosion in the dried-up basin of the Ebinur Lake and its effect detection

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2006年第A1期51卷 68-74页

作者： BAO Anming mu guijin ZHANG Yi FENG Xianwei CHANG Cun YIN Xiaojun Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi 830011 China Xinjiang Key Laboratory for Application of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System Urumqi 830011 China Planning and Design Administration Bureau Xinjiang Bureau of Hy drology and Water Resources Urumqi 830000 China

埃比纳·莱克区域被描述为“一个格林迷宫”在“ Xinjiang MapRecords：河的记录“然而，在 1910 出版了在这个区域的生态学和环境严重由于人的活动的影响被堕落了在期间最近 40 年。渴起来，有 107.4 km^2 的一个区域的湖盆在它的西... 详细信息

埃比纳·莱克区域被描述为“一个格林迷宫”在“ Xinjiang MapRecords：河的记录“然而，在 1910 出版了在这个区域的生态学和环境严重由于人的活动的影响被堕落了在期间最近 40 年。渴起来，有 107.4 km^2 的一个区域的湖盆在它的西北的部分形成，是没有植被，盖住 byunconsolidated 淤泥沉积物，并且在北方 Xinjiang 成为了灰尘天气的主要灰尘来源之一，并且有 4.8x10 ~ 6t 的年度数量的灰尘被大风从有 164 天的 Alataw 山脉差距从这个区域吹一年里的发生的大风。为在弄干起来的湖盆在湖区域和有效地控制的风侵蚀改进生态学的埃比纳·莱克的合理的水区域和流入在在弄干起来的湖盆分析在沉积物的小粒的作文之间的当前的生态的问题和关系以后用水平衡方程被估计并且灰尘天气，和最近的年里的生态的效果被监视。为在弄干起来的湖盆在湖区域和有效地控制的风侵蚀改进生态学的 theEbinur 湖的水区域应该至少是 800 km^2，这被考虑，并且湖应该在 7.92x10 ~ 上的再装的表面流量和地下水的年度体积 8 m^3。

关键词： Ebinur湖水域生态环境尘暴

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A preliminary study of chronology for a newly-discovered ancient city and five archaeological sites in Lop Nor, China

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2010年第1期55卷 63-71页

作者： LU HouYuan XIA XunCheng LIU JiaQi QIN XiaoGuang WANG FuBao YIDILISI Abuduresule ZHOU Li Ping mu guijin JIAO YingXin LI JingZhi Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi 830011 China School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences of Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China Xinjiang Archaeological Research Institute Urumqi 830000 China Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes Department of Geography Peking University Beijing 100871 China museum of Luolan Relic Ruoqiang 841800 China The Center of Popularization and Propaganda for Science Exploration Beijing 100029 China

In the past century, it has long been debated in the archeological, historical, geographical, and many other related communities where the capital of the Luolan and Shanshan states was in the Lop Nor region. This paper presents three AMS radiocarbon ages from a newly-discovered ancient city at about 6.3 km to the northwest of the Xiaohe Graveyard, and fifteen new radiocarbon ages from the Loulan (LA), LE, Qieerqiduke, Milan, and Tuyin sites in Lop Nor. The new investigation shows that the age of newly-discovered ancient city is at ca. 440–500 AD, belonging to the Northern Wei Dynasty (386–534 AD). This is about 100–300 years younger than Loulan (ca. 100–230 AD), LE (ca. 230–300 AD), Qieerqiduke (ca. 200 AD), and Tuyin (ca. 100 AD). A wooden beam from Milan fortress is dated to ca. 370 AD, while the age on north wall at west gate of the fortress is younger, around 770 AD, suggesting that its construction time might be at the Tang Dynasty. According to 14C ages, cultural relic style, and the geographical location, the newly-discovered ancient city is probably attributed to "Zhubin City", as documented in the historical literature. Temporally, we name the city "ancient Zhubin River City". However, the characteristics and functions of this ancient city are largely unknown and need more detailed archaeological excavation and investigation in the future. Given its location near the ancient postal relay of Alagan on the crossroad, there is no doubt that the newly-discovered city was at an important geographical position on the Silk Road, no matter whether it was called "Zhubin City", or "Lielo City", or the capital of Loulan state–"Yuni City". Our findings provide new evidence for the temporal and spatial distribution of ancient relic sites and the development of civilization in western China, thus contributing to our understanding of the relationship between human activities and environmental change in the Lop Nor region.

关键词：考古遗址古代城市罗布泊年代中国

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Human activity during the late Pleistocene in the Lop Nur region, northwest China： Evidence from a buried stone artifact

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Science China Earth Sciences 2018年第11期61卷 1659-1668页

作者： Kangkang LI Xiaoguang QIN Xiaoyan YANG Bing XU Lei ZHANG guijin mu Dong WEI Chunxue WANG Yong WU Xiaohong TIAN Yongchong LIN Wen LI Jiaqi LIU Yinxin JIAO Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment Beijing 100044 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi 830011 China School of Archaeology Jilin University Changchun 130012 China Xinjiang Institute of Archaeology Urumqi 830011 China Bureau of Cultural Heritage of Ruoqiang County Ruoqiang 841800 China

The Lop Nur region, in the east part of Tarim Basin, was an important transportation junction between west and east,north and south Eurasia. However, previous studies on prehistoric human activity have concentrated mostly on the Bronze Age,whereas that during the Stone Age remains largely unresearched. Here, we present a new direct evidence of human activity in the late Pleistocene, recorded on a grinding stone buried in a lacustrine sediment section of the Lop Nur region. The grain size distribution of the sediment section indicates that the site was probably in the center of a lake with weak hydrodynamic environment. Therefore, the stone artifact can only be carried to here by people instead of river and it was never move as soon as left here. Results of radiocarbon dating, the evident stratigraphic relations between the stone artifact and the sedimentary formation, indicate that the human activity could extend to approximately 13 ka BP. Furthermore, the results of starch-grain and use-wear analyses suggest that ancient humans gathered seeds of Triticeae, roots, and tubers and used the grinding stone to simply process selected plant as plant foodstuffs during this period. It implies that the environmental conditions in the river delta of the Lop Nur were inhabitable during the late Pleistocene.

关键词：人工制品 Lop 更新世石头证据动力学环境中国西北

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罗布泊自生胶黄铁矿对磁性参数χARM/SIRM指示意义的影响

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沉积学报 2022年第5期40卷 1280-1288页

作者：李文穆桂金林永崇张慧娟吴汪洋孙蕗东华理工大学地球科学学院南昌330013 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所乌鲁木齐830011 闽南师范大学历史地理学院福建漳州363000

沉积物中磁性矿物的颗粒大小具有重要环境指示意义,是环境磁学研究的重要内容。磁性参数非磁滞剩磁磁化率/饱和等温剩磁(χ_(ARM)/SIRM)常被用于指示磁性颗粒大小,当沉积物磁性特征为较粗的多畴(MD)颗粒主导时表现为低值,而为较细的单畴... 详细信息

沉积物中磁性矿物的颗粒大小具有重要环境指示意义,是环境磁学研究的重要内容。磁性参数非磁滞剩磁磁化率/饱和等温剩磁(χ_(ARM)/SIRM)常被用于指示磁性颗粒大小,当沉积物磁性特征为较粗的多畴(MD)颗粒主导时表现为低值,而为较细的单畴(SD)颗粒主导时表现为高值。本研究对罗布泊盐湖LB剖面的沉积物进行了系统环境磁学测试,结果发现剖面中含有5个χ_(ARM)/SIRM值低于上覆层和下伏层的层位,指示其磁性颗粒较粗。但磁滞参数和扫描电镜结果显示这5个层位磁性颗粒明显细于上覆层和下伏层沉积物,显示χ_(ARM)/SIRM在这5个层位的指示意义失真。矿物鉴定结果显示这5个层位的主导磁性矿物为早期成岩成因的SD胶黄铁矿,赋存形态主要为颗粒团聚体、单颗粒或颗粒团聚体附着于硅酸盐矿物表面以及分布于薄片状硅酸盐内,这种赋存形态导致其具有较强的磁相互作用,并限制了χ_(ARM)的增加,最终造成χ_(ARM)/SIRM下降,指示意义失真。本研究显示当沉积物中存在胶黄铁矿等自生矿物时,利用比值参数χ_(ARM)/SIRM判断磁性矿物颗粒特征需谨慎。

关键词：胶黄铁矿磁性颗粒非磁滞剩磁磁化率/饱和等温剩磁(χ_(ARM)/SIRM) 磁性特征罗布泊

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策勒绿洲近地表大气降尘粒度指示的分选特征及其意义

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中国沙漠 2022年第1期42卷 139-146页

作者：林永崇穆桂金陈丽玲吴楚娜徐立帅闽南师范大学历史地理学院福建漳州363500 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室新疆乌鲁木齐830011 山西农业大学资源环境学院山西太谷030801 中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所新疆乌鲁木齐830002

风成沉积一般为多峰态粒度分布,不同峰态往往指示不同的沉积分选作用。这种分选作用形成的粒度特征是否具有稳定性可以通过现代大气降尘观测进一步证实。本研究通过对策勒绿洲两次大气降尘11个位置3 m和0.5 m高度样品粒度特征进行分析,... 详细信息

风成沉积一般为多峰态粒度分布,不同峰态往往指示不同的沉积分选作用。这种分选作用形成的粒度特征是否具有稳定性可以通过现代大气降尘观测进一步证实。本研究通过对策勒绿洲两次大气降尘11个位置3 m和0.5 m高度样品粒度特征进行分析,试图揭示风成沉积粒度特征的稳定性。结果表明:两次大气降尘粒级范围都集中在0.4—250μm,不同高度的大气降尘都显示典型的双峰态粒度分布特征,其中粗粒峰态众数为67—75μm,细粒峰态众数12—21μm。粗粒峰态和细粒峰态各自在不同位置和不同高度上都表现出稳定一致的粒度分布特征,这表明大气降尘在近地表空间上经历稳定一致的沉积分选作用。因此,风成沉积粒度特征适合用于指示区域沉积动力环境,多峰态分离分析可能获得更加明确的环境信息。

关键词：大气降尘粒度多峰态分选作用

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罗布泊地区雅丹形态特征及演化过程

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地理学报 2021年第9期76卷 2187-2202页

作者：宋昊泽杨小平穆桂金秦小光林永崇浙江大学地球科学学院杭州310027 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所乌鲁木齐830011 新疆策勒荒漠草地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站策勒848300 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所北京100029 闽南师范大学历史地理学院漳州363000

雅丹地貌因其多样形态类型长期以来吸引人们的关注,对其形态特征描述也成为研究热点。作为雅丹地貌形态最早命名地,罗布泊地区雅丹因其形态的独特性和复杂性闻名,然而对该地区雅丹形态特征和发育演化过程的深入研究较为缺乏。本文结合... 详细信息

雅丹地貌因其多样形态类型长期以来吸引人们的关注,对其形态特征描述也成为研究热点。作为雅丹地貌形态最早命名地,罗布泊地区雅丹因其形态的独特性和复杂性闻名,然而对该地区雅丹形态特征和发育演化过程的深入研究较为缺乏。本文结合野外实测数据和UAV(小型无人机)所摄地景影像,采用地形数字化方法提取地貌原始数据,选定形态参数后识别测量得到雅丹形态参数数据,基于以上数据和前人研究成果尝试描述罗布泊地区雅丹形态特征并对该地区雅丹演化过程进行讨论。主要结论有:(1)罗布泊地区雅丹长度集中分布在20 m以下,少有长度> 160 m,宽度集中分布在8 m以下,高度多2 m以下,表明区内雅丹个体规模总体较小,低矮雅丹在数量上占绝对优势;雅丹长宽比值呈现连续增加的变化过程,伴随高度的增加长宽比值迅速增大,由2∶1逐步增大到4∶1,并持续升至10∶1以上,走向分布集中于22.5°~67.5°,与主风向相类似,雅丹个体平面形态呈现连续变化过程;雅丹的相邻雅丹数值集中分布在3~4个,平均顶间距分布在<20 m和40~80 m区间,显示罗布泊地区雅丹空间特征的多样性。在个体雅丹形态以外,初成雅丹和雅丹共基座现象是罗布泊地区主要存在的2种复杂化雅丹形态表现。(2)罗布泊地区雅丹理想演化模式经历初成期、青年期、成熟期和衰亡期4个阶段,由于存在地层岩性、风力剥蚀、流水作用等控制因素影响,造就了类型复杂、变化多样的罗布泊地区雅丹形态现状。(3)罗布泊地区雅丹发育具有多期性,第四纪以来主要存在晚更新世、早全新世、晚全新世和小冰期等4个发育期,结合形态特征和环境演化情况推测龙城和白龙堆雅丹形成于晚更新世,楼兰北部高大雅丹形成于早全新世,楼兰中北部雅丹多数形成于晚全新世,而楼兰地区的低矮雅丹形成于小冰期;依据地层年代和雅丹高度数据,计算得到0.5 ka B.P.后楼兰遗址附近平均风蚀速率为6.2 mm a^(-1)。精确描述罗布泊地区雅丹形态特征并探讨其演化过程,对于了解雅丹形态控制因素影响程度,深入分析区域风蚀过程具有重要意义。

关键词：地貌学风蚀形态雅丹罗布泊

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Redistribution of prehistoric Tarim people in response to climate change

Redistribution of prehistoric Tarim people in response to cl...

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中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所2013年度（第13届）...

作者： Zihua Tang Dongmei Chen Xinhua Wu guijin mu Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of Sciences China National Oil and Gas Exploration and Development Corporation Institute of Archaeology Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences

The role of climate change on civilization evolution,varying from a driving force,to a supporting role or just background noise,is an often-debated issue.This paper presents the occupation history of prehistoric civilization in the hyperarid Tarim Basin as a case study to evaluate the influences of environmental change.The prehistorical relics in the Tarim Basin are centered at two periods:prior to 3000 BP and after 2700 BP,showing an apparent centurial gap in occupation.The gap is bridged by the relics from the Kunlun highland,3000-2600 BP.Previous palaeoclimatic reconstructions show an anti-phased moisture changes between the southern Tarim and the Kunlun highland during the past 5000 years.Placing the timing of relics in the climatic context,the prehistoric relics only occur during relatively wet periods, both on the Kunlun highlands and in the southern basin.The pattern indicates that moisture change is an important explanation for relic distributions in southern Tarim.During the succession of relics from both the basin and the highland,cultural complexities increased gradually from 3800 BP to the historical period,without any significant absences or collapses.This implies that ancient cultures can develop, although the people migrated between the highland and the basin.The results show that in this case environmental pressures have little influence on civilization evolution,even in such a fragile habitat and during prehistoric periods.Caution is required in assessing the influences of environmental change on civilizations.

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西部干旱区重大生态环境问题研究进展

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中国科学基金 2005年第5期19卷 268-271,276页

作者：雷加强穆桂金王立新中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所乌鲁木齐830011 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所北京100101

在全球变化、区域气候不稳定和人为干扰等因素的共同作用下,中国西部干旱区众多的环境科学和生态学理论问题都具有全球性典型意义。通过系统和深入研究,重新认识了土地荒漠化机理、绿洲环境演变以及重大工程的生态建设原理等科学问题,... 详细信息

在全球变化、区域气候不稳定和人为干扰等因素的共同作用下,中国西部干旱区众多的环境科学和生态学理论问题都具有全球性典型意义。通过系统和深入研究,重新认识了土地荒漠化机理、绿洲环境演变以及重大工程的生态建设原理等科学问题,试验示范获得了一系列环境整治和工程灾害防护的关键技术。

关键词：中国西部干旱区重大工程环境问题绿洲环境变化土地荒漠化西部干旱区生态环境问题研究进展重大工程生态学理论全球变化

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