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Virtual reality system for diagnosis and therapeutic planning of cerebral aneurysms

Chinese Medical Journal 2010年第16期123卷 2206-2210页

作者： mo da-peng bao sheng-de li liang yi zhi-qiang zhang jia-yong zhang yang department of Neurosurgery Peking University First HospitalBeijing 100034 China

Background The virtual reality （VR） system can provide the neurosurgeon to intuitively interact with and manipulate the three dimensional （3-D） image similarly to manipulate a real *** was seldom reported that the system was used in diagnosis and treatment of cerebral *** study aimed to investigate the application of VR system in diagnosis and therapeutic planning of cerebral *** A total of 24 cases of cerebral aneurysms were enrolled in this study from 2006 to 2008, which diagnosed by 3-D digital subtraction angiography （3D-DSA） or VR-based computed tomography angiographies （CTA）.The VR system and 3D-DSA system were used to observe and measure aneurysms and the adjacent *** data of observation and measurements were compared between VR image and 3D-DSA *** the patients underwent surgical plan and simulated neurosurgical procedures in the VR *** There were 28 aneurysms detected in VR system and 3D-DSA *** VR system generated clear and vivid 3-D virtual images which clearly displayed the location and size of the aneurysms and their precise anatomical spatial relations to the parent arteries and *** location, size and shape of the aneurysms and their anatomical relationship with the adjacent vessels were similar between 3-D virtual image and 3D-DSA, but the spatial relationship between aneurysms and skull only been displayed by VR *** VR system also could simulate simple surgical procedures and surgical *** The VR system can provide a highly effective way to provide precise imaging details as same as 3D-DSA system and assist the diagnosis of cerebral aneurysms with virtual 3-D data based on *** significantly enhances the chosen therapeutic strategy of cerebral aneurysms.

关键词： intracranial aneurysm angiography, digital subtraction computed tomographic angiography virtual reality images, surgical planning

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Preoperative surgical planning and simulation of complex cranial base tumors in virtual reality

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Chinese Medical Journal 2008年第12期121卷 1134-1136页

作者： yi zhi-qiang li liang mo da-peng zhang jia-yong zhang yang bao sheng-de department of Neurosurgery Peking University First Hospital Beijing 100034 China

The extremely complex anatomic relationships among bone, tumor, blood vessels and cranial nervesremains a big challenge for cranial base tumor surgery. Therefore, a good understanding of the patient specific anatomy and a preoperative planning are helpful and crucial for the neurosurgeons. Three dimensional （3-D） visualization of various imaging techniques have been widely explored to enhance the comprehension of volumetric data for surgical planning.

关键词： cranial base neoplasm three dimensional image virtual reality

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Anomalous vertebral artery not passing through the transverse foramen of the atlas

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Chinese Medical Journal 2009年第21期122卷 2675-2677页

作者： yi zhi-qiang li liang mo da-peng zhang jia-yong zhang yang bao sheng-de department of Neurosurgery Peking University First Hospital Beijing 100034 China

Ssually the vertebral artery （VA） arises from the first part of the subclavian artery and enters the transverse foramen of the C-6 vertebra （first segment） and then ascends through the transverse foramen from C-6 to the atlas （second segment）. In its third segment, the artery emerges on the superior surface of the atlas and curves horizontally over the lateral and posterior surfaces of the superior articular process of C-1 and then passes medially in front of the posterior atlanto-occipital membrane. In its fourth segment, the artery pierces the dura mater and arachnoid between the occipital bone and atlas then enters the cranial cavity through the foramen magnum. To identify and preserve the VA is vital in the surgery of the craniaocervical and cervical region. However, the variations of the VA complicate the procedures of VA identification. It is valuable to know the course of VA preoperatively. Some anatomical variations of the VA occur due to its abnormal development process.

关键词： vertebral artery cervical atlas computed tomography angiography virtual reality

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In-beam gamma rays of CSNS Back-n characterized by black resonance filter

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第10期35卷 149-160页

作者： Jin-Cheng Wang Jie Ren Wei jiang Xi-Chao Ruan ying-yi liu Hao-Lan yang Kuo-zhi Xu Xin-yi Pan Qi Sun Jie bao Han-Xiong Huang Hao-Fan Bai jiang-Bo Bai Ping Cao Qi-Ping Chen yong-Hao Chen Wen-Hao Duan An-Chuan Fan Rui-Rui Fan Chang-Qing Feng Min-Hao Gu Chang-Cai Han Zi-Jie Han Guo-Zhu He yong-Cheng He yang Hong yi-Wei Hu zhi-Jie jiang ling Kang Chang-lin Lan Bo li Feng li qiang li Xiao li yang li Jie liu Rong liu Shu-Bin liu yi-Na liu Guang-Yuan Luan Chang-Jun Ning yi-jia Qiu Wen-Kai Ren zhi-Zhou Ren Zhao-Hui Song Kang Sun zhi-Xin Tan Jing-Yu Tang sheng-da Tang li-jiao Wang peng-Cheng Wang Zhao-Hui Wang Zhong-Wei Wen Xiao-Guang Wu Xuan Wu Ze-peng Wu Cong Xia li-Kun Xie Han yi Tao Yu yong-Ji Yu Guo-Hui zhang Hang-Chang zhang Qi-Wei zhang Xian-peng zhang Yu-liang zhang zhi-yong zhang Mao-Yuan Zhao zhi-Hao Zhou Ke-Jun Zhu Chong Zou Key Laboratory of Nuclear data China Institute of Atomic EnergyBeijing 102413China Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Beijing 100049China Spallation Neutron Source Science Center Dongguan 523803China State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology School of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Institute of modern Physics Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China State Key Laboratory of Particle detection and Electronics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry China Academy of Engineering PhysicsMianyang 621900China department of modern Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China USTC Archaeometry Lab University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China State Key Laboratory of Particle detection and Electronics Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology Xi’an 710024China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China School of Nuclear Science and Technology Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Institute of Advanced Technology University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230027China

The back-streaming white-neutron beamline(Back-n)of the China Spallation Neutron Source is an essential neutronresearch platform built for the study of nuclear data,neutron physics,and neutron *** types of cross-sectional neutron-reaction measurements have been performed at Back-n since early *** measurements have shown that a significant number of gamma rays can be transmitted to the experimental stations of Back-n along with the neutron *** gamma rays,commonly referred to as in-beam gamma rays,can induce a non-negligible experimental background in neutron-reaction *** the characteristics of in-beam gamma rays is important for understanding the experimental ***,measuring in-beam gamma rays is challenging because most gamma-ray detectors are sensitive to neutrons;thus,discriminating between neutron-induced signals and those from in-beam gamma rays is *** this study,we propose the use of the black resonance filter method and a CeBr_(3) scintillation detector to measure the characteristics of the in-beam gamma rays of *** types of black resonance filters,^(181)Ta,^(59)Co,^(nat)Ag,and^(nat)Cd,were used in this *** time-of-flight(TOF)technique was used to select the detector signals remaining in the absorption region of the TOF spectra,which were mainly induced by in-beam gamma *** energy distribution and flux of the in-beam gamma rays of Back-n were determined by analyzing the deposited energy spectra of the CeBr_(3) scintillation detector and using monte Carlo *** on the results of this study,the background contributions from in-beam gamma rays in neutron-reaction measurements at Back-n can be reasonably evaluated,which is beneficial for enhancing both the experimental methodology and data analysis.

关键词： In-beam gamma rays Back-n CeBr_(3)scintillator Black filter resonance technique

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Study of the response of 10B-doped MCP to wide-energy range neutrons from eV to MeV

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第8期35卷 132-141页

作者： qiang li li‑jiao Wang Xiang‑Biao Qiu Jing‑Wen li Wei Xu Tao li Ze‑Bin lin Chang‑Jun Ning yong‑Hao Chen Rui‑Rui Fan Kang Sun Jing‑Yu Tang Rong zhang Han‑Tao Jing Bo Mei Qi An Hao‑Fan Bai jiang‑Bo Bai Jie bao Ping Cao Qi‑Ping Chen Zhen Chen Zeng‑Qi Cui An‑Chuan Fan Chang‑Qing Feng Fan‑Zhen Feng Ke‑Qing Gao Min‑Hao Gu Chang‑Cai Han Zi‑Jie Han Guo‑Zhu He yong‑Cheng He yang Hong yi‑Wei Hu Han‑Xiong Huang Wei‑Hua jia Hao‑Yu jiang Wei jiang zhi‑Jie jiang Zheng‑Yao Jin ling Kang Bo li Chao li Gong li jia‑Wen li Xiao li yang li Jie liu Rong liu Shu‑Bin liu Guang‑Yuan Luan Bin‑Bin Qi Jie Ren zhi‑Zhou Ren Xi‑Chao Ruan Zhao‑Hui Song zhi‑Xin Tan sheng‑da Tang peng‑Cheng Wang Zhao‑Hui Wang Zhong‑Wei Wen Xiao‑Guang Wu Xuan Wu li‑Kun Xie yi‑Wei yang Han yi yong‑Ji Yu Guo‑Hui zhang lin‑Hao zhang mo‑Han zhang Qi‑Wei zhang Xian‑peng zhang Yu‑liang zhang Yue zhang zhi‑yong zhang Mao‑Yuan Zhao Lu‑Ping Zhou zhi‑Hao Zhou Ke‑Jun Zhu Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Beijing 100049China Spallation Neutron Source Science Center Dongguan 523803China State Key Laboratory of Particle detection and Electronics Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Dongguan Songshan Lake Future School Dongguan 523808China North Night Vision Science&Technology(Nanjing)Research Institute Co.Ltd. Nanjing 211106China Sino‑French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230027China State Key Laboratory of Particle detection and Electronics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China department of modern Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology School of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry China Academy of Engineering PhysicsMianyang 621900China Key Laboratory of Nuclear data China Institute of Atomic EnergyBeijing 102413China USTC Archaeometry Lab University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology Xi’an 710024China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Neutron-sensitive microchannel plates(nMCPs)have applications in neutron detection,including energy spectrum measurements,neutron-induced cross sections,and neutron imaging.10B-doped MCPs(B-MCPs)have attracted significant attention owing to their potential for exhibiting a high neutron detection efficiency over a large neutron energy *** spatial and temporal resolutions are useful for neutron energy-resolved ***,their practical applications still face many technical *** this study,a B-MCP with 10 mol%10B was tested for its response to wide-energy neutrons from eV to MeV at the Back-n white neutron source at the China Spallation Neutron *** neutron detection efficiency was calibrated at 1 eV,which is approximately 300 times that of an ordinary MCP and indicates the success of 10 B *** factors that caused the reduction in the detection efficiency were simulated and *** neutron energy spectrum obtained using B-MCP was compared with that obtained by other measurement methods,and showed very good consistency for neutron energies below tens of *** response is more complicated at higher neutron energy,at which point the elastic and nonelastic reactions of all nuclides of B-MCP gradually become *** is beneficial for the detection of neutrons,as it compensates for the detection efficiency of B-MCP for high-energy neutrons.

关键词： Neutron radiation image 10B-doped MCP Neutron response Wide-energy range neutrons

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Nondestructive technique for identifying nuclides using neutron resonance transmission analysis at CSNS Back-n

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第1期35卷 178-187页

作者： sheng-da Tang yong-Hao Chen Jing-Yu Tang Rui-Rui Fan qiang li Gong li Dong liu Zheng-Yao Jin Xing-Zhu Cui Tian-Xiang Chen yi-Wei yang Rong liu Han yi yang li Zhen yang Qi An Hao-Fan Bai jiang-Bo Bai Jie bao Ping Cao Qi-Ping Chen Zhen Chen Zeng-Qi Cui An-Chuan Fan Chang-Qing Feng Fan-Zhen Feng Ke-Qing Gao Min-Hao Gu Chang-Cai Han Zi-Jie Han Guo-Zhu He yong-Cheng He yang Hong yi-Wei Hu Han-Xiong Huang Wei-Hua jia Hao-yu jiang Wei jiang zhi-jie jiang ling Kang Bo li Chao li jia-Wen li Xiao li Jie liu Shu-Bin liu Guang-Yuan Luan Chang-Jun Ning Bin-Bin Qi Jie Ren zhi-Zhou Ren Xi-Chao Ruan Zhao-Hui Song Kang Sun zhi-Xin Tan li-jiao Wang peng-Cheng Wang Zhao-Hui Wang Zhong-Wei Wen Xiao-Guang Wu Xuan Wu li-Kun Xie yong-Ji Yu Guo-Hui zhang lin-Hao zhang mo-Han zhang Qi-Wei zhang Xian-peng zhang Yu-liang zhang Yue zhang zhi-yong zhang Mao-Yuan Zhao Lu-Ping Zhou zhi-Hao Zhou Ke-Jun Zhu Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China Institute of High-Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Beijing 100049China Spallation Neutron Source Science Center Dongguan 523803China School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China State Key Laboratory of Particle detection and Electronics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China State Key Laboratory of Particle detection and Electronics Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China USTC Archaeometry Laboratory University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry China Academy of Engineering PhysicsMianyang 621900China department of modern Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology School of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Key Laboratory of Nuclear data China Institute of Atomic EnergyBeijing 102413China Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology Xi’an 710024China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Nondestructive and noninvasive neutron assays are essential applications of neutron *** resonance transmission analysis(NRTA)is a powerful nondestructive method for investigating the elemental composition of an *** back-streaming neutron line(Back-n)is a newly built time-of-flight facility at the China Spallation Neutron Source(CSNS)that provides neutrons in the eV to 300 MeV range.A feasibility study of the NRTA method for nuclide identification was conducted at the CSNS Back-n via two test *** results demonstrate that it is feasible to identify different elements and isotopes in samples using the NRTA method at *** study reveals its potential future applications.

关键词： CSNS White neutron beam NRTA Nuclide identification Nondestructive method

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Stepped-up development of accelerator mass spectrometry method for the detection of ^(60)Fe with the HI-13 tandem accelerator

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第4期35卷 136-143页

作者： yang zhang sheng-Quan Yan Ming He Qing-zhang Zhao Wen-Hui zhang Chao-Xin Kan jian-Ming Zhou Kang-Ning li Xiao-Fei Wang jian-Cheng liu Zhao-Hua peng Zhuo liang Ai-ling li jian Zheng Qi-Wen Fan Yun-Ju li You-bao Wang zhi-Hong li yang-Ping Shen Ding Nan Wei Nan Yu-qiang zhang jia-ying-Hao li Jun-Wen Tian jiang-lin Hou Chang-Xin Guo zhi-Cheng zhang Ming-Hao Zhu Yu-Wen Chen Yu-Chen jiang Tao Tian Jin-Long Ma yi-Hui liu Jing-Yu Dong Run-Long liu Mei-Yue-Nan Ma yong-Shou Chen Wei-Ping liu Bing Guo China Institute of Atomic Energy P.O.Box 275(10)Beijing 102413China College of Science Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China School of Physics Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China

The moon provides a unique environment for investigating nearby astrophysical events such as *** samples retain valuable information from these events,via detectable long-lived“fingerprint”radionuclides such as^(60)*** this work,we stepped up the development of an accelerator mass spectrometry(AMS)method for detecting^(60)Fe using the HI-13tandem accelerator at the China Institute of Atomic Energy(CIAE).Since interferences could not be sufficiently removed solely with the existing magnetic systems of the tandem accelerator and the following Q3D magnetic spectrograph,a Wien filter with a maximum voltage of±60 kV and a maximum magnetic field of 0.3 T was installed after the accelerator magnetic systems to lower the detection background for the low abundance nuclide^(60)Fe.A 1μm thick Si_(3)N_(4) foil was installed in front of the Q3D as an energy *** particle detection,a multi-anode gas ionization chamber was mounted at the center of the focal plane of the ***,an^(60)Fe sample with an abundance of 1.125×10^(-10)was used to test the new AMS *** results indicate that^(60)Fe can be clearly distinguished from the isobar^(60)*** sensitivity was assessed to be better than 4.3×10^(-14)based on blank sample measurements lasting 5.8 h,and the sensitivity could,in principle,be expected to be approximately 2.5×10^(-15)when the data were accumulated for 100 h,which is feasible for future lunar sample measurements because the main contaminants were sufficiently separated.

关键词： Accelerator mass spectrometry Wien filter Isobar separation Supernovae Chang'e-5 lunar samples

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Measurement of the ^(232)Th(n,f)cross section in the 1-200 MeV range at the CSNS Back-n

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2023年第8期34卷 142-153页

作者： zhi-Zhou Ren yi-Wei yang yong-Hao Chen Rong liu Bang-jiao Ye Jie Wen Hai-Rui Guo Zi-Jie Han Qi-Ping Chen Zhong-Wei Wen Wei-li Sun Han yi Xing-Yan liu Tao Ye jiang-Bo Bai Qi An Jie bao Yu bao Ping Cao Hao-Lei Chen Zhen Chen Zeng-Qi Cui Rui-Rui Fan Chang-Qing Feng Ke-Qing Gao Xiao-Long Gao Min-Hao Gu Chang-Cai Han Guo-Zhu He yong-Cheng He yang Hong yi-Wei Hu Han-Xiong Huang Xi-Ru Huang Hao-Yu jiang Wei jiang zhi-Jie jiang Han-Tao Jing ling Kang Bo li Chao li jia-Wen li qiang li Xiao li yang li Jie liu Shu-Bin liu Ze Long Guang-Yuan Luan Chang-Jun Ning Meng-Chen Niu Bin-Bin Qi Jie Ren Xi-Chao Ruan Zhao-Hui Song Kang Sun zhi-jia Sun zhi-Xin Tan Jing-Yu Tang Xin-yi Tang Bin-Bin Tian li-jiao Wang peng-Cheng Wang Zhao-Hui Wang Xiao-Guang Wu Xuan Wu li-Kun Xie Xiao-Yun yang li Yu Tao Yu yong-Ji Yu Guo-Hui zhang lin-Hao zhang Qi-Wei zhang Xian-peng zhang Yu-liang zhang zhi-yong zhang Lu-Ping Zhou zhi-Hao Zhou Ke-Jun Zhu department of modern Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry China Academy of Engineering PhysicsMianyang 621900China Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Beijing 100049China Spallation Neutron Source Science Center Dongguan 523803China Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics Beijing 100088China State Key Laboratory of Particle detection and Electronics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230027China Key Laboratory of Nuclear data China Institute of Atomic EnergyBeijing 102413China School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230027China State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology School of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China State Key Laboratory of Particle detection and Electronics Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology Xi’an 710024China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China department of Engineering and Applied Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China

The ^(232)Th(n,f)cross section is very important in basic nuclear physics and applications based on the Th/U fuel *** the time-of-flight method and a multi-cell fast-fission ionization chamber,a novel measurement of the^(232)Th(n,f)cross sec-tion relative to^(235)U in the 1–200 MeV range was performed at the China Spallation Neutron Source Back-n white neutron source(Back-n).The fission event-neutron energy spectra of^(232)Th and^(235)U fission cells were measured in the single-bunch *** 232Th/235U fission cross-sectional ratios were obtained,and the measurement uncertainties were 2.5–3.7%for energies in the 2–20 MeV range and 3.6–6.2%for energies in the 20–200 MeV ***^(232)Th(n,f)cross section was obtained by introducing the standard cross section of^(235)U(n,f).The results were compared with those of previous theoreti-cal calculations,measurements,and *** measured 232Th fission cross section agreed with the main evaluation results in terms of the experimental uncertainty,and 232Th fission resonances were observed in the 1–3 MeV *** present results provide^(232)Th(n,f)cross-sectional data for the evaluation and design of Th/U cycle nuclear systems.

关键词： 232Th(n f)cross section Fast-fission ionization chamber Back-n white neutron source

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Back-n white neutron source at CSNS and its applications

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2021年第1期32卷 95-104页

作者： Jing-Yu Tang Qi An jiang-Bo Bai Jie bao Yu bao Ping Cao Hao-Lei Chen Qi-Ping Chen yong-Hao Chen Zhen Chen Zeng-Qi Cui Rui-Rui Fan Chang-Qing Feng Ke-Qing Gao Xiao-Long Gao Min-Hao Gu Chang-Cai Han Zi-Jie Han Guo-Zhu He yong-Cheng He yang Hong yi-Wei Hu Han-Xiong Huang Xi-Ru Huang Hao-Yu jiang Wei jiang zhi-Jie jiang Han-Tao Jing ling Kang Bo li Chao li jia-Wen li qiang li Xiao li yang li Jie liu Rong liu Shu-Bin liu Xing-Yan liu Ze Long Guang-Yuan Luan Chang-Jun Ning Meng-Chen Niu Bin-Bin Qi Jie Ren zhi-Zhou Ren Xi-Chao Ruan Zhao-Hui Song Kang Sun zhi-jia Sun zhi-Xin Tan Xin-yi Tang Bin-Bin Tian li-jiao Wang peng-Cheng Wang Zhao-Hui Wang Zhong-Wei Wen Xiao-Guang Wu Xuan Wu li-Kun Xie Xiao-Yun yang yi-Wei yang Han yi li Yu Tao Yu yong-Ji Yu Guo-Hui zhang lin-Hao zhang Qi-Wei zhang Xian-peng zhang Yu-liang zhang zhi-yong zhang Lu-Ping Zhou zhi-Hao Zhou Ke-Jun Zhu 无 State Key Laboratory of Particle detection and Electronics Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China department of modern Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry China Academy of Engineering PhysicsMianyang 621900China Key Laboratory of Nuclear data China Institute of Atomic EnergyBeijing 102413China Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Spallation Neutron Source Science Center Dongguan 523803China State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology School of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology Xi’an 710024China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China department of Engineering and Applied Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China State Key Laboratory of Particle detection and Electronics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China The CSNS Back-n Collaboration

Back-streaming neutrons from the spallation target of the China Spallation Neutron Source(CSNS)that emit through the incoming proton channel were exploited to build a white neutron beam facility(the so-called Back-n white neutron source),which was completed in March *** Back-n neutron beam is very intense,at approximately 29107 n/cm2/s at 55 m from the target,and has a nominal proton beam with a power of 100 kW in the CSNS-I phase and a kinetic energy of 1.6 GeV and a thick tungsten target in multiple slices with modest moderation from the cooling water through the *** addition,the excellent energy spectrum spanning from 0.5 eV to 200 MeV,and a good time resolution related tothe time-of-flight measurements make it a typical white neutron source for nuclear data measurements;its overall performance is among that of the best white neutron sources in the *** with advanced spectrometers,detectors,and application utilities,the Back-n facility can serve wide applications,with a focus on neutron-induced cross-sectional *** article presents an overview of the neutron beam characteristics,the experimental setups,and the ongoing applications at Backn.

关键词： White neutron source Nuclear data measurements Experimental setups Neutron applications

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Diagnosis and Treatment of Cholangiocarcinoma: A Consensus from Surgical Specialists of China

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Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Medical Sciences) 2014年第4期34卷 469-475页

作者： jian-qiang Cai Shou-wang Cai Wen-ming Cong Min-shan Chen Ping Chen Xiao-ping Chen Yan-ling Chen yi-fa Chen Chao-liu dai qiang Huang zhi-yong Huang Bo jiang Bin jiang Ke-wei jiang Bo li Zong-fangli li-jian liang Bin liu Hui-chun liu lian-xin liu Qing-guang liu Rong liu ying-bin liu jian-guo Lu Shi-chun Lu yi Lu yi-lei Mao Bin Mei Jun Niu bao-gang peng Xiao Qin Yu-dong Qiu Guang-yi Wang Yao-don Wangg zhi-ming Wang Ren-hua Wan Ya-fu Wu bao-cai Xing Feng Xia Ge-liang Xu jia-mei yang Xiao-fang Yu yong Zeng yong-yi Zeng Bi-xiang zhang Bin-hao zhang Qi-yu zhang Shui-jun zhang Wan-guang zhang yong-jie zhang zhi-wei zhang Dong Zhou Wei-ping Zhou Cancer Institute and Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Chinese PLA General Hospital Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital of Second Military Medical University Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center daping Hospital of Third Military Medical University Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Fujian Medical University Union Hospital shengjing Hospital of China Medical University Anhui Provincial Hospital Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital Taihe Hospital Affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine Peking University People’s Hospital West China Hospital Sichuan University The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an jiao Tong University The First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an jiao Tong University Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai jiao Tong University School of Medicine Tangdu Hospital of Fourth Military Medical University Peking Union Medical College Hospital Qilu Hospital of Shandong University The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital The First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University Fujian Provincial Hospital Xiangya Hospital of Central South University The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Beijing Cancer Hospital Southwest Hospital of Third Military Medical University Shenzhen People’s Hospital The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital

Cholangiocarcinoma refers to malignant tumors that develop in epithelial lining of biliary system, and it is divided into two categories according to tumor location, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma （ICC） and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma （ECC）. ICC occurs from the epithelial cells of the intrahepatic bile duct, its branches and interlobular biliary tree; and ECC is divided into hilar cholangiocarcinoma and distal cholangiocarcinoma by the circumscription at the confluence of cystic duct and the common hepatic duct.

关键词： A Consensus from Surgical Specialists of China Diagnosis and Treatment of Cholangiocarcinoma

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