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Examining the effects of voluntary avoidance behaviour and policy-mediated behaviour change on the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2:A mathematical model

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2024年第3期9卷 701-712页

作者： Gabrielle Brankston david N.Fisman Zvonimir Poljak Ashleigh R.Tuite Amy l.Greer Department of Population Medicine University of GuelphCanada Dalla lana School of Public Health University of TorontoCanada Centre for Immunization Readiness Public Health Agency of CanadaOttawaOntarioCanada

Background Throughout the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic,policymakers have had to navigate between recommending voluntary behaviour change and policy-driven behaviour change to mitigate the impact of the *** individuals will voluntarily engage in self-protective behaviour when there is an increasing infectious disease risk,the extent to which this occurs and its impact on an epidemic is not *** This paper describes a deterministic disease transmission model exploring the impact of individual avoidance behaviour and policy-mediated avoidance behaviour on epidemic outcomes during the second wave of SARS-CoV-2 infections in Ontario,Canada(September 1,2020 to February 28,2021).The model incorporates an information feedback function based on empirically derived behaviour data describing the degree to which avoidance behaviour changed in response to the number of new daily cases *** Voluntary avoidance behaviour alone was estimated to reduce the final attack rate by 23.1%,the total number of hospitalizations by 26.2%,and cumulative deaths by 27.5%over 6 months compared to a counterfactual scenario in which there were no interventions or avoidance behaviour.A provincial shutdown order issued on December 26,2020 was estimated to reduce the final attack rate by 66.7%,the total number of hospitalizations by 66.8%,and the total number of deaths by 67.2%compared to the counterfactual *** Given the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in a pre-vaccine era,individual avoidance behaviour in the absence of government action would have resulted in a moderate reduction in disease however,it would not have been sufficient to entirely mitigate transmission and the associated risk to the population in *** action during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario reduced infections,protected hospital capacity,and saved lives.

关键词： Mathematical modelling COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Human behaviour

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Storylines of family medicine Ⅵ:ways of being—in the office with patients

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2024年第S03期12卷 52-60页

作者： William B Ventres leslie A Stone lisa A laVallee david loxterkamp Jonisha R Brown Dael M Waxman Peter S Dorward Jeanne Cawse-lucas larry B Mauksch Autumn M Kieber-Emmons Benjamin F Crabtree William l miller Veronica M Brohm Timothy P Daaleman Kelly Bossenbroek Fedoriw Family and Preventive Medicine University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of MedicineLittle RockArkansasUSA MAHEC Family Medicine Residency Mountain Area Health Education CenterAshevilleNorth CarolinaUSA Bucksport Regional Health Center BucksportMaineUSA Family Medicine Atrium HealthCharlotteNorth CarolinaUSA Southfield Medical Practice EdinburghUK Family Medicine University of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWashingtonUSA Family Medicine Lehigh Valley Health NetworkAllentownPennsylvaniaUSA Morsani College of Medicine University of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA Family Medicine and Community Health Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA Cancer Institute of New Jersey New BrunswickNew JerseyUSA Family Medicine UNC School of MedicineChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA

Storylines of Family Medicine is a 12-part series of thematically linked mini-essays with accompanying illustrations that explore the many dimensions of family medicine,as interpreted by individual family physicians and medical educators in the USA and elsewhere around the ***‘Ⅵ:ways of being—in the office with patients’,authors address the following themes:‘Patient-centred care—cultivating deep listening skills’,‘Doctor as witness’,‘Words matter’,‘Understanding others—metaphor and its use in medicine’,‘Communicating with patients—making good use of time’,‘The patient-centred medical home—aspirations for the future’,‘Routine,ceremony or drama?’and‘The life course’.May readers better appreciate the nuances of patient care through these essays.

关键词： centre illustration dimensions

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Electrifying Ba_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)Co_(0.8)Fe_(0.2)O_(3-δ) for focalized heating in oxygen transport membranes

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第4期91卷 99-110页

作者： Marwan laqdiem Julio García-Fayos laura Almar Alfonso J.Carrillo Álvaro Represa JoséM.lópez Nieto Sonia Escolástico david Catalán-Martinez Jose M.Serra Instituto de Tecnología Química(Universitat Politècnica de València–Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas) Av.Los Naranjos s/nE-46022 ValenciaSpain

Industry decarbonization requires the development of highly efficient and flexible technologies relying on renewable energy resources,especially biomass and solar/wind *** the case of pure oxygen production,oxygen transport membranes(OTMs)appear as an alternative technology for the cryogenic distillation of air,the industrially-established process of producing ***,OTMs could provide oxygen from different sources(air,water,CO_(2),etc.),and they are more flexible in adapting to current processes,producing oxygen at 700^(-1)000℃.Furthermore,OTMs can be integrated into catalytic membrane reactors,providing new pathways for different *** first part of this study was focused on electrification on a traditional OTM material(Ba_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)Co_(0.8)Fe_(0.2)O_(3-δ)),imposing different electric currents/voltages along a capillary *** to the emerging Joule effect,the membrane-surface temperature and the associated O_(2) permeation flux could be ***,the OTM is electrically and locally heated and reaches 900℃on the surface,whereas the surrounding of the membrane was maintained at 650℃.The O_(2)permeation flux reached for the electrified membranes was~3.7 Nml min^(-1)cm^(-2),corresponding to the flux obtained with an OTM non-electrified at 900℃.The influence of depositing a porous Ce_(0.8)Tb_(0.2)O_(2-δ) catalytic/protective layer on the outer membrane surface revealed that lower surface temperatures(830℃)were detected at the same imposed electric ***,the electrification concept was demonstrated in a catalytic membrane reactor(CMR)where the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane(ODHE)was carried *** reaction is very sensitive to temperature,and here,we demonstrate an improvement of the ethylene yield by reaching moderate temperatures in the reaction chamber while the O_(2) injection into the reaction can be easily fine-tuned.

关键词： Oxygen permeation Oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane Oxygen transport membranes Joule effect Mixed ionic-electronic conductors Catalytic membrane reactors

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Functional mechanism study of the allelochemical myrigalone A identifies a group of ultrapotent inhibitors of ethylene biosynthesis in plants

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Plant Communications 2024年第6期5卷 246-262页

作者： George Heslop-Harrison Kazumi Nakabayashi Ana Espinosa-Ruiz Francesca Robertson Robert Baines Christopher R.l.Thompson Katrin Hermann david Alabadí Gerhard leubner-Metzger Robin S.B.Williams Centre for Biomedical Sciences Department of Biological SciencesRoyal Holloway University of LondonEgham TW200EXUK Centre for Plant Molecular Sciences Department of Biological SciencesRoyal Holloway University of LondonEgham TW200EXUK Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas(CSIC-UPV) 46022 ValenciaSpain Centre for life’s Origins and Evolution Department of GeneticsEvolution and EnvironmentUniversity College LondonLondonUK Syngenta Crop Protection AGSteinSwitzerland

Allelochemicals represent a class of natural products released by plants as root,leaf,and fruit exudates that interfere with the growth and survival of neighboring *** how allelochemicals function to regulate plant responses may provide valuable new approaches to better control plant *** such allelochemical,Myrigalone A(MyA)produced by Myrica gale,inhibits seed germination and seedling growth through an unknown ***,we investigate MyA using the tractable modelDictyostelium discoideum and reveal that its activity depends on the conserved homolog of the plant ethylenesynthesis protein 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase(ACO).Furthermore,in silico modeling predicts the direct binding of MyA to ACO within the catalytic *** ***,ablation of ACO mimics the MyA-dependent developmental delay,which is partially restored by exogenous ethylene,and MyA reduces ethylene *** Arabidopsis thaliana,MyA treatment delays seed germination,and this effect is rescued by exogenous *** also mimics the effect of established ACO inhibitors on root and hypocotyl extension,blocks ethylenedependent root hair production,and reduces ethylene ***,in silico binding analyses identify a rangeof highlypotentethylene inhibitorsthatblock ethylene-dependent responseand reduce ethyleneproduction in ***,we demonstrate a molecular mechanism by which the allelochemical MyA reduces ethylene biosynthesis and identify a range of ultrapotent inhibitors of ethylene-regulated responses.

关键词： 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid ACC ACC oxidase ACO allelochemicals ethylene synthesis inhibitors structure-activity relationship

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Dose-response effect of pre-exercise carbohydrates under muscle glycogen unavailability:Insights from McArdle disease

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第3期13卷 398-408页

作者： Pedro l.Valenzuela Alfredo Santalla lidia B.Alejo Andrea Merlo Asuncion Bustos laura Castellote-Belles Roser Ferrer-Costa Nicola A.Maffiuletti david Barranco-Gil Tomas Pinos Alejandro lucia Physical Activity and Health Research Group(“PaHerg”) Research Institute of Hospital“12 de Octubre”(“imas12”)Madrid 28041Spain Department of Systems Biology University of AlcalaMadrid 28871Spain Department of Sport and Computer Science Section of Physical Education and SportsFaculty of SportUniversidad Pablo de OlavideSevilla 41013Spain EVOPRED Research Group Universidad Europea de CanariasTenerife 38300Spain Faculty of Sport Sciences Universidad Europea de MadridMadrid 28670Spain Gait&Motion Analysis laboratory Sol et Salus HospitalTorre Pedrera di Rimini(RN)47922Italy Department of Clinical Biochemistry Laboratoris ClınicsHospital Universitari Vall d’HebronBarcelona 08035Spain Human Performance lab Schulthess ClinicZurich 8008Switzerland Biomedical Research Networking Center on Rare Disorders(CIBERER) Barcelona 08035Spain Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Disorders Unit Vall d’Hebron Institut de RecercaUniversitat Autonoma de BarcelonaBarcelona 08035Spain

Background:This study aimed to determine the effect of different carbohydrate(CHO)doses on exercise capacity in patients with McArdle disease—the paradigm of“exercise intolerance”,characterized by complete muscle glycogen unavailability—and to determine whether higher exogenous glucose levels affect metabolic responses at the McArdle muscle cell(in vitro)***:Patients with McArdle disease(n=8)and healthy controls(n=9)underwent a 12-min submaximal cycling constant-load bout followed by a maximal ramp test 15 min after ingesting a non-caloric *** a randomized,double-blinded,cross-over design,patients repeated the tests after consuming either 75 g or 150 g of CHO(glucose:fructose=2:1).Cardiorespiratory,biochemical,perceptual,and electromyographic(EMG)variables were ***,glucose uptake and lactate appearance were studied in vitro in wild-type and McArdle mouse myotubes cultured with increasing glucose concentrations(0.35,1.00,4.50,and 10.00 g/l).Results:Compared with controls,patients showed the“classical”second-wind phenomenon(after prior disproportionate tachycardia,myalgia,and excess electromyographic activity during submaximal exercise,all platory threshold and55%peak power output,both pless of the CHO dose(placebo),CHO intake increased blood glucose and lactate levels,decreased fat oxidation rates,and attenuated the second wind in the ***,only the higher dose increased ventilatory threshold(+27%,p=0.010)and peak power output(+18%,p=0.007).In vitro analyses revealed no differences in lactate levels across glucose concentrations in wild-type myotubes,whereas a doseresponse effect was observed in McArdle ***:CHO intake exerts beneficial effects on exercise capacity in McArdle disease,a condition associated with total muscle glycogen *** of these benefits are dose dependent.

关键词： Endurance Glycogen storage disease Glycogenosis Nutrition Supplement

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Cognitive function among military veterans with STEM occupations

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Military Medical Research 2024年第2期11卷 308-310页

作者： Justin T.McDaniel Kevin N.Hascup Erin R.Hascup Ugochukwu G.Ezigbo Amanda M.Weidhuner Harvey Henson david l.Albright Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer's Research and trEatment(CARE) Southern Illinois University School of MedicineSpringfieldIL 62794USA STEM Education Research Center Southern Illinois UniversityCarbondaleIL 62901USA Department of Political Science The University of AlabamaTuscaloosaAL 35487USA

Dear Editor,There is limited research on the relationship between science,technology,engineering,and mathematics(STEM)occupational history and cognitive function in later life,especially among military veterans,who may be at greater risk for later-life cognitive *** study examines a nationally representative sample of military veterans to address this gap in knowledge.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease Veterans Science technology engineering and mathematics(STEM) Animal fluency test Dementia

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On the functions of astrocyte-mediated neuronal slow inward currents

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第12期19卷 2602-2612页

作者： Balázs Pál Department of Physiology Faculty of MedicineUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary

Slow inward currents are known as neuronal excitatory currents mediated by glutamate release and activation of neuronal extra synaptic N-met hyl-D-aspartate receptors with the contribution of *** events are significantly slower than the excitatory postsynaptic *** of slow inward currents are determined by seve ral factors including the mechanisms of astrocytic activation and glutamate release,as well as the diffusion pathways from the release site towards the extra synaptic recepto *** are stimulated by neuronal network activity,which in turn excite neurons,forming an astrocyte-neuron feedback *** as a consequence of brain edema,astrocytic swelling can also induce slow inward currents under pathological *** is a growing body of evidence on the roles of slow inward currents on a single neuron or local network *** events often occur in synchro ny on neurons located in the same astrocytic *** synchronization of neuronal excitability,slow inward currents also set synaptic strength via eliciting timing-dependent synaptic *** addition,slow inward currents are also subject to non-synaptic plasticity triggered by long-la sting stimulation of the excitatory *** note,there might be important regionspecific differences in the roles and actions triggering slow inward *** greater networks,the pathophysiological roles of slow inward currents can be better understood than physiological *** inward currents are identified in the pathophysiological background of autism,as slow inward currents drive early hypersynchrony of the neural *** inward currents are significant contributors to paroxysmal depolarizational shifts/interictal *** events are related to epilepsy,but also found in Alzheimer's disease,Parkinson's disease,and stroke,leading to the decline of cognitive *** with features overlapping with slow inward currents(excitatory,N-methyl-Dasp

关键词： astrocyte cortical spreading depolarization gliotransmission glutamate neural synchronization NMDA receptor paroxysmal depolarizational shift slow inward current

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On calculating glacial isostatic adjustment

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2024年第5期15卷 441-452页

作者： l.M.Cathles Cornell University IthacaNY 14853USA

Modeling the earth's fluid and elastic response to the melting of the glaciers of the last ice age is the most direct way to infer the earth's radial viscosity ***,we compare two methods for calculating the viscoelastic response to surface *** one,the elastic equation of motion is converted to a viscoelastic equation using the Correspondence *** the other,elastic deformation is added to the viscous flow as isostatic adjustment *** two modeling methods predict adjustment histories that are different enough to potentially impact the interpretation of the observed glacial isostatic adjustment(GIA).The differences arise from buoyancy and whether fluid displacements are subjected to hydrostatic *** methods agree if they use the same equations and boundary *** origin of the differences is determined by varying the boundary conditions and pre-stress application.

关键词： Glacial isostatic adjustment Viscoelastic normal modes Hydrostatic pre-stress Elastic buoyancy Correspondence principle

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Effect of radiative loss mechanisms on FIR thermometric parameters of Nd^(3+)-doped lithium tellurite glasses

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第7期42卷 1250-1257,I0002页

作者： C.Y.Morassuti A.P.l Silva l.A.O.Nunes S.M.lima l.H.C.Andrade Optical and Photothermal Spectroscopy Group(GEOF) Center for Studies in Natural Resources(CERNA)State University of Mato Grosso do Sul(UEMS)C.P.351DouradosMSBrazil Renato Archer Information Technology Center Dom Pedro I Highway(SP-65)Km 1436-Chácaras Campos dos AmaraisCampinasSPBrazil Institute of Physics of São Carlos University of São PauloSão CarlosSPBrazil

Nd^(3+)-doped tellurite glasses are promising materials for thermometers based on the fluorescence intensity ratio(FIR)***,at high Nd^(3+)concentrations,energy transfer(ET)processes such as optical reabsorption and cross-relaxation can affect the Nd^(3+)emission,which has been little explored in the ***,the present work investigated the use of Nd^(3+)-doped tellurite glass(samples doped with Nd^(3+)at 0.2 mol%,0.5 mol%,2.0 mol%,and 4.0 mol%)in fluorescence thermometers,in the temperature range from 299 to 371 *** results indicate a strong dependence of the FIR parameters on the Nd^(3+)concentration,due to changes in the emission band profiles caused by optical reabsorption of the Nd^(3+)emissions and cross-relaxation processes.A decrease of the relative sensitivity of the ratio^(4)F_(5/2)→^(4)I_(9/2)/^(4)F_(3/2)→^(4)I_(9/2)is observed for samples doped with higher amounts of Nd^(3+).The maximum relative sensitivity at 299 K is 3.00%/K,which is the highest value among the reported Nd^(3+)ions.

关键词： Nd^(3+)-doped tellurite glass Fluorescence intensity ratio Optical thermometry Judd-Ofelt Rare earths

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Neuroprotective effects of G9a inhibition through modulation of peroxisome-proliferator activator receptor gamma-dependent pathways by miR-128

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第11期19卷 2532-2542页

作者： Aina Bellver-Sanchis Pedro AAvila-lópez Iva Tic david Valle-García Marta Ribalta-Vilella luis labrador Deb Ranjan Banerjee Ana Guerrero Gemma Casadesus Coralie Poulard Mercè Pallàs Christian Grinán-Ferré Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Chemistry Institut de Neurociències-Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA Institute of Biotechnology National Autonomous University of MexicoCuernavacaMexico Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics Health Science Center-University of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology DurgapurM G AvenueDurgapurWest BengalIndia Cancer Research Cancer lyon Universitéde LyonLyonFrance Inserm U1052 Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de LyonLyonFrance CNRS UMR5286 Centre de Recherche en Cancérlogie de LyonLyonFrance Centro de Investigación en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas(CIBERNED)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain Neuroimmunology Department National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery“Manuel Velasco Suárez”Mexico CityMexico

Dysregulation of G9a,a histone-lysine N-methyltransferase,has been observed in Alzheimer’s disease and has been correlated with increased levels of chronic inflammation and oxidative ***,microRNAs are involved in many biological processes and diseases playing a key role in pathogenesis,especially in multifactorial diseases such as Alzheimer’s ***,our aim has been to provide partial insights into the interconnection between G9a,microRNAs,oxidative stress,and *** better understand the biology of G9a,we compared the global microRNA expression between senescence-accelerated mouse-prone 8(SAMP8)control mice and SAMP8 treated with G9a inhibitor *** found a downregulation of miR-128 after a G9a inhibition treatment,which interestingly binds to the 3′untranslated region(3′-UTR)of peroxisome-proliferator activator receptor γ(PPARG)***,Pparg gene expression levels were higher in the SAMP8 group treated with G9a inhibitor than in the SAMP8 control *** also observed modulation of oxidative stress responses might be mainly driven Pparg after G9a *** confirm these antioxidant effects,we treated primary neuron cell cultures with hydrogen peroxide as an oxidative *** this setting,treatment with G9a inhibitor increases both cell survival and antioxidant ***,up-regulation of PPARγby G9a inhibitor could also increase the expression of genes involved in DNA damage responses and *** addition,we also described that the PPARγ/AMPK axis partially explains the regulation of autophagy markers ***,PPARγ/GADD45αpotentially contributes to enhancing synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis after G9a ***,we propose that pharmacological inhibition of G9a leads to a neuroprotective effect that could be due,at least in part,by the modulation of PPARγ-dependent pathways by miR-128.

关键词： aging cognitive decline epigenetics G9a inhibition microRNAs miR-128 peroxisome-proliferator activator receptorγ(PPARγ) PPARG SAMP8

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