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Scientific challenges and instrumentation for the International Meridian Circle Program

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Science China Earth Sciences 2021年第12期64卷 2090-2097页

作者： William LIU michel blanc Chi WANG Eric DONAVAN John FOSTER Mark LERTER Hermann OPGENOOTYH Liwen REN National Space Science Centre Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China University of Toulouse Toulouse31400France University of Calgary CalgaryT2N 1N4Canada MIT Haystack Observatory CambridgeMA01886USA University of Leicester LeicesterLE17RHUK University of Umeå UmeåSE-90187Sweden

Earth’s ecosystems and human activities are threatened by a broad spectrum of hazards of major importance for the safety of ground infrastructures,space systems and space flight:solar activity,earthquakes,atmospheric and climatic disturbances,changes in the geomagnetic field,fluctuations of the global electric *** and understanding these major hazards to better predict and mitigate their effects is one of the greatest scientific and operational challenges of the 21st *** diverse,these hazards share one feature in common:they all leave their characteristic imprints on a critical layer of the Earth’s environment:its ionosphere,middle and upper atmosphere(IMUA).The objective of the International Meridian Circle Program(IMCP),a major international program led by the Chines Academy of Sciences(CAS),is to deploy,integrate and operate a global network of research and monitoring instruments to use the IMUA as a screen on which to detect these *** this article,we first show that the geometry required for the IMCP global observation system leads to a deployment of instruments in priority along the 120°E-60°W great meridian circle,which will cover in an optimal way both the dominant geographic and geomagnetic latitude variations,possibly complemented by a second Great Circle along the 30°E-150°W meridians to capture longitude ***,starting from the Chinese Meridian Project(CMP)network and using it as a template,we give a preliminary and promising description of the instruments to be integrated and deployed along the 120°E-60°W great circle running across China,Australia and the Americas.

关键词： International Meridian Circle Program Ionosphere Middle-upper atmosphere Space weather Chinese Meridian Project

An Unforgettable Visit to the FAST Telescope

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Bulletin of the Chinese Academy of Sciences 2018年第1期32卷 24-27页

作者： michel blanc

For several months I heard of the Five-hundredmeter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope(FAST)and dreamed of visiting *** is a myth:the largest radio telescope in the world,a gigantic 500-meterwide dish,built by Chinese astronomers in a remote countryside of Guizhou Province in southern China,performing its first test operations and listening to the faint murmurs of the distant *** now,with Alain Cirou sitting next to me。

关键词：望远镜天文学家收音机贵州省中国

Progress of International Meridian Circle Program

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空间科学学报 2022年第4期42卷 584-587页

作者： LIU William michel blanc WANG Chi XU Jiyao LI Hui REN Liwen LIU Zhengkuan ZHU Yajun LI Guozhu LI Lei ZEREN Zhima YANG Fang National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190 Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100083 National Institute of Natural Hazards Ministry of Emergency Management of ChinaBeijing 100085

Based on the Chinese Meridian Project(CMP),the International Meridian Circle Program(IMCP)aims to coordinate the deployment of a comprehensive ground-based monitoring network along the 120°E-60°W Great Meridian Circle to track the propagation and evolution of space weather events from the Sun to the Earth,as well as the imprints of other major natural and anthropic hazards on the ionosphere,the middle and upper ***,we have completed the IMCP headquarters building in Beijing and established the China-Brazil Joint Laboratory for Space Weather in cooperation with ***,the Chinese Meridian Project PhaseⅡand different components of the IMCP observation system are under construction.

关键词： Chinese Meridian Project(CMP) Global ground monitoring Space weather International Meridian Circle Program(IMCP)

Progress of International Meridian Circle Program

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空间科学学报 2024年第4期44卷 741-745页

作者： WANG Chi blanc michel ZHANG Shunrong DENARDINI Clezio Marcos LIU William SHEN Xuhui WU Jian XU Jiyao LI Hui ZHANG Qinghe REN Liwen ZHU Yajun LI Guozhu DING Zonghua LIU Zhengkuan YANG Fang National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190 IRAP(CNRS-University Toulouse III-CNES) Toulouse 31400 Haystack Observatory Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyMA 01886 Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais São Josédos Campos(SP)Brazil 12227-010 China Research Institute of Radio wave Propagation Qingdao 266000 Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100083

In 2024,the Chinese Meridian Project(CMP)completed its construction,deploying 282 instruments across 31 *** achievement not only provides a robust foundation but also serves as a reference template for the International Meridian Circle Program(IMCP).The IMCP aims to integrate and establish a comprehensive network of ground-based monitoring stations designed to track the propagation of space weather events from the Sun to ***,it monitors various disturbances generated within the Earth system that impact *** the past two years,significant progress has been made on the *** particular,the second phase of construction for the China-Brazil Joint Laboratory for Space Weather has been completed,and the North Pole and Southeast Asia networks are under active *** 2024 IMCP joint observation campaign was successfully *** facilitate these developments,the scientific program committee of IMCP was established,following the success of 2023 IMCP workshop and the space weather school,which was co-hosted with the Asia-Pacific Space Cooperation Organization(APSCO)and sponsored by Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)and Scientific Committee on Solar-Terrestrial Physics(SCOSTEP).Preparations are now underway for the 2024 workshop in collaboration with the National Institute for Space Research(INPE)in Brazil.

关键词： Chinese Meridian Project(CMP) International Meridian Circle Program(IMCP) China-Brazil Joint Laboratory for Space Weather North Pole and Southeast Asia networks

International Meridian Circle Program

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空间科学学报 2020年第5期40卷 723-725页

作者： LIU William WANG Chi SHEN Xuhui WU Jian blanc michel YAN Yihua FU Suiyan YUE Xinan LEI Jiuhou GONG Wei ZHANG Shaodong ZHANG Qinghe WANG Xin YANG Jing ZHANG Xiaoxin GAO Jing XU Jiyao YANG Guotao LI Hui REN Liwen YANG Fang National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190 National Institute of Natural Hazards Ministry of Emergency Management of ChinaBeijing 100085 China Electronics Technology Group Corporation No.22 Research Institute Xinxiang 259008 National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101 School of Earth and Space Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871 Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100083 School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026 School of Electronic Information Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430079 School of Space Science and Physics Shandong UniversityWeihai 264209 Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029 China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100089 Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101

The Earth is buffered from the ferocious onslaught of the solar wind by a thin layer of matter known as the atmosphere and *** layer absorbs energy from irradiance and outburst from the Sun,as well as from disasters,transient phenomena and anthropogenic emissions originated from *** complicated physics,the absorbed energy changes the atmospheric and geospace state and sometimes gets re-released to power extreme events such as space *** place globally,these complicated processes cannot be understood unless they are studied *** Chinese scientists have proposed the International Meridian Circle Program(IMCP)to meet this *** operating nearly 1000 instruments encompassing all latitudes along with the 120°E–60°W longitudes,IMCP aims,for the first time,to construct comprehensive 3D data representation of the atmosphere and geospace on a global scale and empower interdisciplinary research to tackle key questions related to Earth’s environment and climate change.

关键词： International Meridian Circle Program Chinese Meridian Project Ground-based observation Space weather Solar-terrestrial physics

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苏云金杆菌防治储烟害虫研究进展

烟草科技 2003年第6期36卷 24-27页

作者： michel blanc Pascale Kaelin Ferruccio Gadani 王颖

在所有为害贮存烟草并能造成严重损失的昆虫种类中 ,烟草甲虫Lasiodermaserricorne(F .)和烟草粉螟Ephestiaelutella(H¨ubner)是原烟及加工后烟草的 2种主要害虫。收获后烟草害虫的防治主要通过消毒、害虫监测以及磷化氢熏蒸来实现 ,... 详细信息

在所有为害贮存烟草并能造成严重损失的昆虫种类中 ,烟草甲虫Lasiodermaserricorne(F .)和烟草粉螟Ephestiaelutella(H¨ubner)是原烟及加工后烟草的 2种主要害虫。收获后烟草害虫的防治主要通过消毒、害虫监测以及磷化氢熏蒸来实现 ,而储烟害虫已对磷化氢产生抗药性 ,并已有防治失败的实例报道 ,而熏蒸也越来越受到相关法规的制约。一些生物防治剂如苏云金杆菌Bacillusthuringiensis(Bt) ,因对环境无害而有可能替代化学防治。Bt是一种细菌 ,在芽孢形成阶段能够产生杀虫晶体蛋白。Bt用作植食性害虫的生防制剂已有 4 0多年的历史。Bt产生的杀虫晶体蛋白对几个目的昆虫具有特有的生物活性 ,可对昆虫的取食产生影响。我们实验室进行了广泛的研究并在世界范围内开展了调查 ,对仓储烟草中的Bt进行评价 ,现已证实了以前的研究结果 ,即Bt是自然发生的叶面微生物群落中的一部分。已从烟草上分离出几个Bt菌株并进行了特征描述 (DNA和蛋白质图谱 )。已通过胃毒的方法对所分离的菌株以及 2个商业产品对烟草甲幼虫的杀虫活性进行了测定。在长达 30个月的贮存期内 ,对已调制烟叶上的Bt孢子及其晶体蛋白的稳定性进行了分析。Bt处理过的烟叶制成卷烟样品评吸后 ,处理与对照卷烟无显著性差异。尽管在规定的时间及剂量情?

关键词：贮存烟草苏云金杆菌防治害虫生物防治剂烟草甲

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国际子午圈计划的科学挑战和观测系统

中国科学：地球科学 2021年第12期51卷 2056-2062页

作者：刘维宁 michel blanc 王赤 Eric DONAVAN John FOSTER Mark LESTER Hermann OPGENOORTH 任丽文中国科学院国家空间科学中心北京100190 University of Toulouse Toulouse 31400France University of Calgary Calgary T2N 1N4Canada MIT Haystack Observatory Cambridge MA01886USA University of Leicester Leicester LE17RHUK University of Umea Umea SE-90187Sweden

随着科技发展,人类活动对地面基础设施、空间系统和太空飞行器等高科技设施的依赖性日益增强.然而,这些高科技设施却常常遭受着来自太阳活动、地震、大气和气候变化、地磁场变化,以及全球电场波动等多种危害的威胁.监测和了解这些危害,... 详细信息

随着科技发展,人类活动对地面基础设施、空间系统和太空飞行器等高科技设施的依赖性日益增强.然而,这些高科技设施却常常遭受着来自太阳活动、地震、大气和气候变化、地磁场变化,以及全球电场波动等多种危害的威胁.监测和了解这些危害,并减轻其影响,是21世纪重要的科学挑战之一.这些危害尽管形式不同,但是有一个共同之处是会在电离层和中高层大气这个地球空间环境的关键圈层留下自己的印记.国际子午圈计划是一项由中国科学院牵头的国际大科学计划,其目标是整合、部署和运行一个全球研究和监测网络,充分利用电离层和中高层大气的"显示屏"效果来追踪这些日地空间危害的踪迹.文章展示了国际子午圈计划全球观测系统所需的位置分布,即优先沿120°E~60°W大子午圈部署监测设备,实现对主要地理和地磁纬度变化的最佳覆盖,继而辅之以30°E~150°W的第二个子午圈来捕捉经度变化.而后简单地描述了中国子午工程,以及横跨中国、俄罗斯和美洲的一些国家在内的120°E~60°W大子午圈上的监测台站和设备.

关键词：国际子午圈计划电离层中高层大气中国子午工程空间天气

Catalytic decomposition performance for O_3 and NO_2 in humid indoor air on a MnO_x/Al_2O_3 catalyst modified by a cost-effective chemical grafting method

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第12期30卷 58-70页

作者： Longwen Chen michel Ondarts Jonathan Outin Yves Gonthier Evelyne Gonze Université Grenoble Alpes Université Savoie Mont Blanc CNRS Laboratoire d'Optimisation de la Conception et Ingénierie de l'Environnement(LOCIE)

Processes based on non-thermal plasma（NTP） for indoor air treatment inevitably lead to the formation of toxic by-products such as ozone（O3） and nitrogen oxides（NOx）. Adding a step of heterogeneous catalysis in series with NTP could allow for the decomposition of the by-products. Therefore, different catalysts were developed based on transition metal oxides, such as NiOx, CoOxand MnOxwith different weight percentage 1, 5 and 10 wt.%,deposited on a γ-Al2O3 support. The O3 removal efficiency（ORE） and the NOxremoval efficiency（NRE） were very encouraging in dry air： about 65% and 80%, respectively, by using2 g 5 wt.% MnOx/Al2O3 catalyst under the experimental conditions. However, strongly negative effects of relative humidity（RH） on the catalytic decomposition performance were observed. To overcome this limitation, the catalyst surface was modified to make it hydrophobic using a cost-effective chemical grafting method. This treatment consisted in impregnating the 5 wt.% MnOx/Al2O3 catalyst with different trichloro（alkyl）silanes（TCAS）.The effects of different linker lengths and amounts of TCAS for the hydrophobicity and the decomposition performance of surface-modified catalysts under humid conditions were investigated. Our results show that the surface-modified catalyst with the shortest linker and 0.25 mmol/gcatof modifying agent represents the best catalytic decomposition performance for O3. Its ORE is 41% at 60% RH, which is twice that of the non-modified catalyst.

关键词： Indoor air treatment Non-thermal plasma MnOx/Al2O3catalyst Surface modification Ozone

Does the platinum-loading in proton-exchange membrane fuel cell cathodes influence the durability of the membrane-electrode assembly?

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Industrial Chemistry & Materials

Industrial Chemistry & Materials 2023年第4期1卷 501-515页

作者： Ricardo Sgarbi William Ait Idir Quentin Labarde michel Mermoux Peizhe Wu Julia Mainka Jerome Dillet Clemence Marty Fabrice Micoud Olivier Lottin Marian Chatenet CNRS Grenoble INP(Institute of Engineering and Management Univ.Grenoble Alpes)LEPMIUniv.Grenoble AlpesUniv.Savoie Mont Blanc38000 GrenobleFrance LEMTA-Universitede Lorraine-CNRS NancyFrance CEA LITENUniv.Grenoble AlpesF-38054GrenobleFrance

MEAs with various cathode Pt loadings were elaborated and aged using a multiple-stressor accelerated stress test(AST)in a segmented *** thinnest(lowest Pt loading)cathodes have lower initial activity,owing to larger oxygen reduction reaction hindrance and oxygen transport *** the lowest cathode Pt loadings initially degrade faster,the overall loss of ECSA at end-of-test is nearly similar whatever the cathode Pt loading,with no local heterogeneities of aging detected along the gas *** cathode Pt/C catalyst degrades mostly by Ostwald ripening(which seems more pronounced for lower cathode Pt loading)and nanoparticles agglomeration,owing to superficial carbon functionalization and related Pt crystallite migration:no consequent carbon corrosion is witnessed in this ***,the oxidized Pt2+ions formed by Pt corrosion diffuse/migrate roughly in a similar manner through the membrane for all cathode Pt loadings,and are re-deposited by crossover H2 close to the cathode|membrane ***,the mechanisms of Pt/C degradation are not depending on the cathode Pt loading for the chosen AST.

关键词： Proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFC) Cathode catalyst layer(CL) Platinum loading Durability