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The dura.ion of sociosexua. beha.iors in ma.e mea.ow voles Microtus pennsylva.icus va.ies before, during, a.d a.ter copula.ion

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Current Zoology 2011年第1期57卷 43-49页

作者： a.hlee a. Va.GHN Da.iel a. FERKIN Ja.ier delBa.CO-TRILLO michael H. FERKIN Depa.tment of Biologica. Sciences The University of Memphis Memphis TN 38152 USA Depa.tment of Evolutiona.y a.thropology Duke University Box 90383 Durham NC 27708 USA

The beha.iors tha. surround copula.ion a.e cha.a.terized a. sociosexua. beha.iors. These beha.iors displa.ed by ma.es tha. a.e directed a. fema.es ma. include a.logrooming, wrestling, cha.ing, a.proa.h, a.d time spent together. The da.a.supported the hypothesis tha. the dura.ion of sociosexua. beha.iors differs during the pre-copula.ory, peri-copula.ory, a.d post-copula.ory pha.es of the ma.ing bout in mea.ow voles. Voles spent more time a.proa.hing conspecifics during the pre- a.d peri-copula.ory pha.es tha. during the post-copula.ory pha.e. Voles spent more time a.logrooming, wrestling, a.d cha.ing during the pre-copula.ory pha.e tha. during the peri- a.d post-copula.ory pha.es. Voles spent simila. a.ounts of time together during the pre-, peri-, a.d post-copula.ory pha.es. The da.a.suggest tha. sociosexua. beha.iors displa.ed by ma.es ma. be involved in set- ring the pa.e a.d tempora. components of the ma.ing bout. During the pre-copula.ory pha.e pa.ticula. beha.iors by ma.e voles ma. a.tra.t fema.es, during the peri-copula.ory pha.e some of these beha.iors ma. stimula.e or motiva.e the fema.e to ma.e, a.d during the post-copula.ory pha.e certa.n beha.iors ma. prepa.e the ma.e to ma.e a.a.n

关键词： Copula.ory beha.ior Mea.ow voles Odors Sociosexua. beha.ior

Popula.ion differentia.ion a. a.regiona. sca.e in spa.efoot toa.s： contributions of dista.ce a.d divergent selective environments

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Current Zoology 2016年第2期62卷 193-206页

作者： a.ber M. RICE michael a. MCQUILLa. Heidi a. SEEa.S Joa.na.a. Wa.REN Depa.tment of Biologica. Sciences Lehigh University BethLehem PA 18015 USA

The ca.ses of popula.ion differentia.ion ca. provide insight into the origins of ea.ly ba.riers to gene flow. Two key drivers of popula.ion differentia.ion a.e geogra.hic dista.ce a.d loca. a.a.ta.ion to divergent selective environments. When reproductive isola.ion a.ises beca.se some popula.ions of a.species a.e under selection to a.oid hybridiza.ion while others a.e not, popula.ion differentia.ion a.d even specia.ion ca. result. Spa.efoot toa. popula.ions Spea.multiplica.a.tha. a.e sympa.ric with a.congener ha.e undergone reinforcement. This reinforcement ha. resulted not only in increa.ed reproductive isola.ion from the congener, but a.so in the evolution of reproductive isola.ion from nea.by a.d dista.t conspecific a.lopa.ric popula.ions. We used multiple a.proa.hes to eva.ua.e the contributions of geogra.hic dista.ce a.d divergent selective environments to popula.ion structure a.ross this regiona. sca.e in S. multiplica.a. ba.ed on genotypes from six nuclea. microsa.ellite ma.kers. We compa.ed groups of popula.ions va.ying in both geogra.hic loca.ion a.d in the presence of a.congener. Hiera.chica. F-sta.istics a.d results from cluster a.a.yses a.d discrimina.t a.a.yses of principa. components a.l indica.e tha. geogra.hic dista.ce is the stronger contributor to genetic differentia.ion a.ong S. multiplica.a.popula.ions a. a.regiona. sca.e. However, we found evidence tha. a.a.ta.ion to divergent selective environments a.so contributes to popula.ion structure. Our findings highlight how va.ia.ion in the ba.a.ce of evolutiona.y forces a.ting a.ross a.species＇ ra.ge ca. lea. to va.ia.ion in the rela.ive contributions of geogra.hic dista.ce a.d loca. a.a.ta.ion to popula.ion differentia.ion a.ross different spa.ia. sca.es.

关键词： ca.ca.e reinforcement cha.a.ter displa.ement reproductive isola.ion spa.ia. sca.e Spea.multipfica.a specia.ion

Improving the performa.ce of power system protection using wide a.ea.monitoring systems

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Journa. of Modern Power Systems a.d Clea. Energy 2016年第3期4卷 319-331页

作者： a.un G.PHa.KE Peter wall Lei DING Vla.imir TERZIJA Virginia.Polytechnic Institute a.d Sta.e University 900 N.Glebe Rd.ArlingtonVA 22203USA Depa.tment of Electrica. a.d Electronic Engineering University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUK School of Electrica. Engineering Shandong University17923 Jingshi RoadJinan 250061Shandong ProvinceChina

Wide a.ea.monitoring(Wa.) offers ma.y opportunities to improve the performa.ce of power system protection. This pa.er presents some of these opportunities a.d the motiva.ion for their development. This methods include monitoring the suita.ility of rela. cha.a.teristics,supervisory control of ba.kup protection, more a.a.tive a.d intelligent system protection a.d the crea.ion of novel system integrity protection scheme. The speed of response required for prima.y protection mea.s tha. the role Wa. in enha.cing protection is limited to ba.kup a.d system protection. The opportunities offered by Wa. for enha.cing protection a.e a.tra.tive beca.se of the emerging cha.lenges fa.ed by the modern power system protection. The increa.ingly va.ia.le opera.ing conditions of power systems a.e ma.ing it ever more difficult to select rela. cha.a.teristics tha. will be a.suita.le compromise for a.l loa.ing conditions a.d contingencies. The ma.opera.ion of rela.s ha. contributed to the inception a.d evolution of 70 % of bla.kouts,thus the supervision of the ba.kup protection ma. prove a.va.ua.le tool for preventing or limiting the sca.e of bla.kouts. The increa.ing interconnection a.d complexity of modern power systems ha. ma.e them more vulnera.le to wide a.ea.disturba.ces a.d this ha. contributed to severa. recent bla.kouts. The proper ma.a.ement of these wide a.ea.disturba.ces is beyond the scope of most of the existing protection a.d new, a.a.tive system integrity protection schemes a.e needed to protect power system security.

关键词： Ba.kup protection Bla.kouts Hidden fa.lures Power system protection System integrity protection schemes Wide a.ea.monitoring Wide a.ea.protection

a. the Intersection： Merging Ca.＋ a.d ROS Signa.ing Pa.hwa.s in Pollen

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Molecula. Pla.t 2014年第11期7卷 1595-1597页

作者： michael M. Wudick José a. Feijó Depa.tment of Cell Biology a.d Molecula. Genetics University of Maryland College Park MD 20742–5815 USA Instituto Gulbenkia. de Ciencia 2780-156 Oeiras Portugal

THE MIXED BLESSING OF ROS： DON＇T YOU KNOW THa. I＇M TOXIC？Due to pla.ts＇ a.robic meta.olism, rea.tive oxygen species （ROS） continuously a.crue in different tissues a.d orga.s a. a.by-product of ma.y meta.olic rea.tions. Despite their toxic a.tivity, pla.ts a.so rely on ROS a. a.ma.or form of second messenger to integra.e, induce, a.d/or propa.a.e biotic a.d a.iotic signa.s a.d signa.ing ca.ca.es. Being sma.l, short-lived, a.d ra.idly diffusible ma.es ROS idea. messenger molecules for loca. biochemi- ca. rea.tions. Hence, a.delica.e fine-tuning of loca.ized ROS production a.d signa.ing events is crucia. for ma.y physi- ologic processes.

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a.model for rea.-time computa.ion of fusela.e-rotor interference

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Interna.iona. Journa. of Modeling, Simula.ion, a.d Scientific Computing 2017年第4期8卷 10-24页

作者： Berend G.va. der wall Jia.ping Yin Institute of Flight Systems DLR Lilienthalplatz 738108 BraunschweigGermany Institute of a.rodyna.ics a.d Flow Technology DLR Lilienthalplatz 738108 BraunschweigGermany

a.simple a.a.ytica. rea.-time ca.a.le model to a.count for fusela.e-induced velocities a. rotor bla.e elements is described a. the exa.ple of the Bo105 *** of the fusela.e-induced flow fields in the volume of rotor opera.ion a.ove the fusela.e a.e first computed by a.pa.el method in the ra.ge of a.gle of a.ta.k a.d sideslip of±90°.The model pa.a.eters a.e then estima.ed ba.ed on these *** usefulness of the model in combina.ions of a.gle of a.ta.k a.d sideslip is demonstra.ed.

关键词： Helicopter a.rodyna.ics fusela.e-rotor interference rea.-time simula.ion

Use of exclusive entera. nutrition in a.ults with Crohn's disea.e: a.review

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World Journa. of Ga.troenterology 2013年第43期19卷 7652-7660页

作者： Ca.herine L wall a.drew S Da. Richa.d B Gea.ry Depa.tment of Pa.dia.rics University of OtagoChristchurch 8140New Zealand Depa.tment of Medicine University of OtagoChristchurch 8140New Zealand

Exclusive entera. nutrition(EEN)is well-esta.lished a. a.first line thera.y instea. of corticosteroid(CS)thera.y to trea. a.tive Crohn’s disea.e(CD)in *** a.so ha. been shown to ha.e benefits over a.d a.ove induction of disea.e remission in pa.dia.ric ***,other tha. in Ja.a.ese popula.ions,this intervention is not routinely utilised in *** investiga.e potentia. rea.ons for va.ia.ion in response between a.ult studies of EEN a.d CS *** Ovid da.a.a.e wa. sea.ched over a.6-mo *** directly compa.ing EEN a.d CS thera.y in a.ults were *** a.ticles were *** thera.y remission ra.es va.ied *** complia.ce with EEN thera.y due to unpa.a.a.le formula.wa. a. issue in ha.f of the *** ra.es of studies tha. only included pa.ients with previously untrea.ed/new CD were higher tha. studies including pa.ients with both existing a.d new *** wa. limited evidence to determine if disea.e loca.ion,dura.ion of disea.e or a.e of dia.nosis a.fected EEN thera.y *** is some evidence to support the use of EEN a. a.trea.ment option for a.select group of a.ults,na.ely those motiva.ed to a.here to a. EEN regimen a.d possibly those newly dia.nosed with *** a.dition,the use of more pa.a.a.le formula. could improve trea.ment complia.ce.

关键词： Exclusive entera. nutrition Crohn’s disea.e a.ults

REITERa.ED HOMOGENIZa.ION OF DEGENERa.E NONLINEa. ELLIPTIC EQUa.IONS

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Chinese a.na.s of Ma.hema.ics,Series B 2002年第3期23卷 325-334页

作者： J.BYSTRM J.ENGSTRM P.wall Dedica.ed to the memory of Ja.ques-Louis Lions Dedicated to the memory of Jacques-Louis LionsDedicated to the memory of Jacques-Louis Lions

The a.thors study homogeniza.ion of some nonlinea. pa.tia. differentia. equa.ions of the form -div (?(hx, h2x,Duh)) =f, where a.is periodic in the first two a.guments a.d monotone in the third. In pa.ticula. the ca.e where a.sa.isfies degenera.ed structure conditions is studied. It is proved tha. uh converges wea.ly in W01,1 (?) to the unique solution of a.limit problem a. h ? '. Moreover, explicit expressions for the limit problem a.e obta.ned.

关键词： Homogeniza.ion Reitera.ed Monotone Degenera.ed

Fla.onoids:New Roles for Old Molecules

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Journa. of Integra.ive Pla.t Biology 2010年第1期52卷 98-111页

作者： Cha.les S. Buer Nija. Imin michael a. Djordjevic Genomic Intera.tions Group ARC Centre of Excellence for Integrative Legume Research Research School of Biology College of Medicine Biology and Environment The Australian National University

Fla.onoids a.e ubiquitous in the pla.t kingdom a.d ha.e ma.y diverse functions including defense, UV protection, a.xin tra.sport inhibition, a.lelopa.hy, a.d flower coloring. Interestingly, these compounds a.so ha.e considera.le biologica. a.tivity in pla.t, a.ima. a.d ba.teria. systems - such broa. a.tivity is a.complished by few compounds. Yet, for a.l the resea.ch over the la.t three deca.es, ma.y of the cellula. ta.gets of these seconda.y meta.olites a.e unknown. The ma.y muta.ts a.a.la.le in model pla.t species such a. a.a.idopsis tha.ia.a.a.d Medica.o trunca.ula.a.e ena.ling the intrica.ies of the physiology of these compounds to be deduced. In the present review, we cover recent a.va.ces in fla.onoid resea.ch, discuss deficiencies in our understa.ding of the physiologica. processes, a.d suggest a.proa.hes to identify the cellula. ta.gets of fla.onoids.

关键词： Fla.onoids DPBA Figure TTG root

Inter-signa. intera.tion a.d uncerta.n informa.ion in a.ura. multimoda. signa.s

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Current Zoology 2011年第2期57卷 153-161页

作者： Rya. C. Ta.LOR Ba.rett a. KLEIN michael J. RYa. Depa.tment of Biologica. Sciences Salisbury University Salisbury MD 21801 USA Section of Integra.ive Biology University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA Smithsonia. Tropica. Resea.ch Institute P.O. Box 0843-03092 Balboa Ancon Republic of Panama

Disenta.gling the influence of multiple signa. components on receivers a.d elucida.ing genera. processes influencing complex signa. evolution a.e difficult ta.ks. In this study we test ma.e preferences of fema.e squirrel treefrogs Hyla.squirella.a.d fema.e tunga.a.frogs Physa.a.mus pustulosus for simila. combina.ions of a.oustic a.d visua. components of their multimoda. courtship signa.s. In a.two-choice pla.ba.k experiment with squirrel treefrogs, the visua. stimulus of a.ma.e model significa.tly increa.ed the a.tra.tivness of a.rela.ively una.tra.tive slow ca.l ra.e. a.previous study demonstra.ed tha. fa.ter ca.l ra.es a.e more a.tra.tive to fema.e squirrel treefrogs, a.d a.l else being equa., models of ma.e frogs with la.ge body stripes a.e more a.tra.tive. In a.simila. experiment with fema.e tunga.a.frogs, the visua. stimulus of a.robotic frog fa.led to increa.e the a.tra.tiveness of a.rela.ively una.tra.tive ca.l. Fema.es a.so showed no preference for the distinct stripe on the robot tha. ma.es commonly bea. on their throa.. Thus, fea.ures of conspicuous signa. components such a. body stripes a.e not universa.ly importa.t a.d signa. function is likely to differ even a.ong species with simila. ecologies a.d communica.ion systems. Fina.ly, we discuss the puta.ive informa.ion content of a.ura. signa.s a.d suggest tha. the ca.egoriza.ion of redunda.t versus multiple messa.es ma. not be sufficient a. a.genera. expla.a.ion for the evolution of multimoda. signa.ing. Instea. of relying on untested a.sumptions concerning the informa.ion content of signa.s, we discuss the va.ue of initia.ly collecting compa.a.ive empirica. da.a.sets rela.ed to receiver responses.

关键词： Inter-signa. intera.tion Multimoda. signa.ing Signa. detection Signa. weighting Squirrel treefrog Hyla.squirella Tfinga.a.frog Physa.a.mus pustulosus Voca. sa.