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Threshold friction velocity influenced by soil particle size within the Columbia Plateau, northwestern United States

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Journal of Arid Land 2024年第8期16卷 1147-1162页

作者： meng Ruibing meng zhongju Brenton SHARRATT ZHANG Jianguo CAI Jiale CHEN Xiaoyan College of Desert Control Science and Engineering Inner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhot 010018China Key Laboratory of Aeolian Physics and Desertification Control Engineering from Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Inner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhot 010018China Key Laboratory of Desert Ecosystem Conservation and Restoration State Forestry and Grassland Administration of ChinaInner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhot 010018China USDA-Agricultural Research Service Washington State UniversityWashington 99164USA College of Resources and Environment Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Academy of Social Sciences Hohhot 010010China

Wind erosion is a geomorphic process in arid and semi-arid areas and has substantial implications for regional climate and *** the Columbia Plateau of northwestern United States,the emissions from fine particles of loessial soils often contribute to the exceedance of inhalable particulate matter(PM)with an aerodynamic diameter of 10μm or less(PM10)according to the air quality ***,little is known about the threshold friction velocity(TFV)for particles of different sizes that comprise these *** this study,soil samples of two representative soil types(Warden sandy loam and Ritzville silt loam)collected from the Columbia Plateau were sieved to seven particle size fractions,and an experiment was then conducted to determine the relationship between TFV and particle size *** results revealed that soil particle size significantly affected the initiation of soil movement and TFV;TFV ranged 0.304-0.844 and 0.249-0.739 m/s for different particle size fractions of Ritzville silt loam and Warden sandy loam,***10 and total suspended particulates(TSP)emissions from a bed of 63-90μm soil particles were markedly higher for Warden sandy loam than for Ritzville silt *** with the lower TFV of Warden sandy loam,dust emissions from fine particles(<100μm in diameter)of Warden sandy loam thus may be a main contributor to dust in the region's atmosphere,since the PM10 emissions from the soil erosion surfaces and its ensuing suspension within the atmosphere constitute an essential process of soil erosion in the Columbia *** and implementing strategic land management practices on sandy loam soils is therefore necessary to control dust emissions in the Columbia Plateau.

关键词： particle size threshold friction velocity inhalable particulate matter total suspended particles Warden sandy loam Ritzville silt loam Columbia Plateau

Interactive effects of wind speed,vegetation coverage and soil moisture in controlling wind erosion in a temperate desert steppe,Inner Mongolia of China

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Journal of Arid Land 2018年第4期10卷 534-547页

作者： meng zhongju DANG Xiaohong GAO Yong REN Xiaomeng DING Yanlong WANG meng Desert Control Science and Engineering College Inner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhot 010018China Inner Mongolia Institute of Meteorological Science Hohhot 010051China Forestry College Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China

The rapid desertification of grasslands in Inner Mongolia of China poses a significant ecological threaten to northern China. The combined effects of anthropogenic disturbances （e.g., overgrazing） and biophysical processes （e.g., soil erosion） have led to vegetation degradation and the consequent acceleration of regional desertification. Thus, mitigating the accelerated wind erosion, a cause and effect of grassland desertification, is critical for the sustainable management of grasslands. Here, a combination of mobile wind tunnel experiments and wind erosion model was used to explore the effects of different levels of vegetation coverage, soil moisture and wind speed on wind erosion at different positions of a slope inside an enclosed desert steppe in the Xilamuren grassland of Inner Mongolia. The results indicated a significant spatial difference in wind erosion intensities depending on the vegetation coverage, with a strong decreasing trend from the top to the base of the slope. Increasing vegetation coverage resulted in a rapid decrease in wind erosion as explained by a power function correlation. Vegetation coverage was found to be a dominant control on wind erosion by increasing the surface roughness and by lowering the threshold wind velocity for erosion. The critical vegetation coverage required for effectively controlling wind erosion was found to be higher than 60%. Further, the wind erosion rates were negatively correlated with surface soil moisture and the mass flux in aeolian sand transport increased with increasing wind speed. We developed a mathematical model of wind erosion based on the results of an orthogonal array design. The results from the model simulation indicated that the standardized regression coefficients of the main effects of the three factors （vegetation coverage, soil moisture and wind speed） on the mass flux in aeolian sand transport were in the following order： wind speed〉vegetation coverage〉soil moisture. These three factors had dif

关键词： desert steppe wind erosion desertification aeolian process sand transport Xilamuren grassland

Particle size characterization and sources of sediments in the Uzhumqin sand dunes

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第8期21卷 2631-2645页

作者： ZHANG Hao LIU Yang DANG Xiaohong meng zhongju LI Shuangli GAO Yong Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Inner Mongolia 010018China Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Water Resources Research Institute Hohhot 010020China

Sediment constitutes the fundamental basis for forming and evolving aeolian *** characteristics of sediment particle size offer insights into the development and evolution of sandy terrain,making their study critical to understanding aeolian geomorphology and sand *** this study,we combined high-density collection of surface sediments in the Uzhumqin sand dunes and GIS spatial analysis to analyze the particle size parameters and changes in the spatial distribution of surface sediments in this *** addition,we used an end-member analysis to identify the potential sources of the *** results showed that surface sediments in the Uzhumqin sand dunes had distinct spatial *** and coarse grain sands dominated the sediments in the dunes,and the mean grain size and the sorting coefficient generally increased along the prevailing wind direction,with high values in individual areas related to factors such as material sources and vegetation *** was strongly influenced by factors such as landform change and human activity,and spatial variability became more *** and the soil fractal dimension showed generally decreasing trends along the prevailing wind *** dune fixation,the contents of clay and powder particles in the soil increased;the mean particle size,the sorting coefficient,and the fractal dimension of the soil gradually increased,and the skewness and kurtosis gradually *** end-member analysis results indicated the existence of five end-members(EM)in the dune *** 1 was a mixed component of wind-deposited fine sands and nearby fluvial *** 2 was the main component of sediments in the study area and was the result of sorting lake sediments by wind action and by the local *** 3 may be a product of river flood *** 4 and EM 5 had coarser grain *** 4 was a lake-phase sediment product influenced by topographic and vegetation cover factors,and EM

关键词： Sediment Particle size Spatial differences End-member analysis Uzhumqin sand dunes

Effects of wind guide plates on wind velocity acceleration and dune leveling： a case study in Ulan Buh Desert, China

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Journal of Arid Land 2017年第5期9卷 743-752页

作者： HAN Yanlong GAO Yong meng zhongju DANG Xiaohong JIA Xu DING Yanlong LI Peng College of Desert Control Science and Engineering Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Huhhot 010018 China

The areas used to be covered by shifting sand dunes have been reclaimed rapidly in recent years. However, it is a challenge to reclaim high sand dunes because it is rather costly to level the high dunes to gentle arable lands. In this study, a wind guide plate was used to change the characteristics of natural wind to level the sand dunes. The use of wind energy could significantly increase the efficiency of dune leveling and decrease the cost. Low wind velocity is a typical characteristic in Ulan Buh Desert of China where the average wind speed is much lower than the threshold velocity for sand movement. The experiment of this study was conducted to accelerate the wind velocity by a wind guide plate to level a sand dune. Results show that the threshold velocity for sand movement is 3.32 m/s at 10 cm above the sand surface in Ulan Buh Desert. A wind guide plate set at an angle less than 50° could significantly increase the wind velocity. The wind velocity could be accelerated up to the threshold velocity for sand movement behind a plate when the plate is at the angles of 20°, 25°, 35° and 40°. The most significant acceleration of wind velocity appears at 1.5 and 3.0 m behind the plate with an angle of 25°. An obvious wind velocity acceleration zone exists behind the wind guide plate when the angles are at 25°, 35°, 40° and 45°, with the most obvious zone under the angle of 45°. The results also show that the total amount of sand transferred over the experimental period increased by 6.1% under the effects of wind guide plates compared to the sand moved without wind guide plates. The results of the study will provide theoretical and practical supports for desert management in sand dune areas.

关键词： wind guide plate sand dune dune leveling wind velocity sandy desert Ulan Buh Desert

Impact of utility-scale solar photovoltaic array on the aeolian sediment transport in Hobq Desert, China

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Journal of Arid Land 2021年第3期13卷 274-289页

作者： TANG Guodong meng zhongju GAO Yong DANG Xiaohong College of Desert Control Science and Engineering Inner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhot 010018China

Deserts are ideal places to develop ground-mounted large-scale solar photovoltaic (PV) powerstation. Unfortunately, solar energy production, operation, and maintenance are affected bygeomorphological changes caused by surface erosion that may occur after the construction of the solar PVpower station. In order to avoid damage to a solar PV power station in sandy areas, it is necessary toinvestigate the characteristics of wind-sand movement under the interference of solar PV array. The studywas undertaken by measuring sediment transport of different wind directions above shifting dunes andthree observation sites around the PV panels in the Hobq Desert, China. The results showed that the twoparameterexponential function provides better fit for the measured flux density profiles to the near-surfaceof solar PV array. However, the saltation height of sand particles changes with the intersection anglebetween the solar PV array and wind direction exceed 45°. The sediment transport rate above shifting duneswas always the greatest, while that around the test PV panels varied accordingly to the wind ***, the aeolian sediment transport on the solar PV array was significantly affected by wind *** value of sand inhibition rate ranged from 35.46% to 88.51% at different wind directions. When theintersection angle exceeds 45°, the mean value of sediment transport rate above the solar PV array reducesto 82.58% compared with the shifting dunes. The results of our study expand our understanding of theformation and evolution of aeolian geomorphology at the solar PV footprint. This will facilitate the designand control engineering plans for solar PV array in sandy areas that operate according to the wind regime.

关键词： aeolian sediment transport mass flux density profiles sand-fixation shelter efficacy solar photovoltaic array

乌兰布和沙漠风沙入黄段植被覆盖动态变化特征及驱动力

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干旱区研究 2024年第4期41卷 639-649页

作者：赵东颖蒙仲举孟芮冰马泽内蒙古农业大学沙漠治理学院内蒙古呼和浩特010018

基于2001—2021年Landsat影像数据,结合归一化植被指数(NDVI)和像元二分模型估算植被覆盖度,探究乌兰布和沙漠风沙入黄段植被覆盖度时空变化趋势及驱动力,以期为乌兰布和沙漠风沙入黄段植被恢复和未来生态建设重点区域的选择提供理论依... 详细信息

基于2001—2021年Landsat影像数据,结合归一化植被指数(NDVI)和像元二分模型估算植被覆盖度,探究乌兰布和沙漠风沙入黄段植被覆盖度时空变化趋势及驱动力,以期为乌兰布和沙漠风沙入黄段植被恢复和未来生态建设重点区域的选择提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)研究区植被覆盖度整体呈波动上升趋势,植被恢复状况良好,平均植被覆盖度由0.294增加至0.526,其中,2007—2017年增幅最为明显。(2)2001—2021年乌兰布和沙漠风沙入黄段不同等级植被覆盖度间转移频繁,其中,低植被覆盖和较低植被覆盖大面积转出为中等植被覆盖和较高植被覆盖,其转出面积分别为102.00 km^(2)和128.82 km^(2)。除此之外,研究区内有42.1%的区域呈显著增加趋势,4.90%的区域趋向于显著减少,多分布于近乌海段,该段应是未来生态修复中重点关注区域。(3)该区植被覆盖空间分异性主要受人类活动和气候因子共同驱动,各驱动因子之间的交互作用以双因子增强为主,其中,影响程度最高的关键性交互因子为土地利用类型和年平均气温。本研究有序分段地探究乌兰布和沙漠风沙入黄段植被覆盖度动态变化特征及驱动力,为研究区荒漠化防治、土地合理利用和高质量发展提供理论和数据支撑。

关键词：植被覆盖度时空变化驱动因子乌兰布和沙漠

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封育措施下荒漠草原不同枯落物分解特征

水土保持学报 2021年第1期35卷 319-325页

作者：蒙仲举万芳内蒙古农业大学沙漠治理学院呼和浩特010018 中央与地方共建风沙物理重点实验室呼和浩特010018

以荒漠草原优势植物羊草(Leymus chinensis)、短花针茅(Stipa breviflora)及羊草+短花针茅(Leymus chinensis+Stipa breviflora)枯落物为研究对象,通过模拟试验,采用分解袋法,测定不同枯落物在分解过程中残留率的变化,分析枯落物元素释... 详细信息

以荒漠草原优势植物羊草(Leymus chinensis)、短花针茅(Stipa breviflora)及羊草+短花针茅(Leymus chinensis+Stipa breviflora)枯落物为研究对象,通过模拟试验,采用分解袋法,测定不同枯落物在分解过程中残留率的变化,分析枯落物元素释放规律及分解过程中对土壤性质的影响。结果表明:(1)在整个试验期内,不同枯落物残留率和质量损失率呈慢—快趋势,分解速率表现为羊草+短花针茅>短花针茅>羊草;试验区枯落物分解可以较好地拟合为Olson模型,不同枯落物分解50%和95%分别需要2.79~3.15,12.05~13.62年;(2)经过360天的分解,不同枯落物的全C、N、P均表现为释放的状态(NAI<100%),其中全C呈现波动释放的变化特征,释放比例为47.88%~54.54%;全N、全P呈释放—富集—释放的变化特征,其释放比例分别为36.34%~47.87%,57.08%~74.71%。(3)不同枯落物的分解均提高土壤有机C、N、P含量,均比初始值分别增加1.41~1.50,1.27~1.40,0.14~0.15 g/kg。研究结果为草地生态系统元素循环过程提供理论依据。

关键词：荒漠草原分解速率养分释放土壤养分

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沙区光伏阵列对近地层风沙输移的干扰效应

农业工程学报 2021年第13期37卷 101-110页

作者：唐国栋蒙仲举高永党晓宏史芮嘉中国水利水电科学研究院内蒙古阴山北麓荒漠草原生态水文野外科学观测研究站北京100038 水利部牧区水利科学研究所呼和浩特010020 内蒙古农业大学沙漠治理学院/内蒙古自治区风沙物理与防沙治沙工程重点实验室呼和浩特010011 鄂尔多斯市水土保持工作站鄂尔多斯010300

沙漠地区建设光伏阵列后,地表吹蚀和堆积过程引起的地貌变化不仅严重威胁到了光伏组件固定结构的稳定,而且间接加速损耗了电板发电功率。为探究沙区光伏阵列扰动下近地层风沙输移特征,在库布齐沙漠中段的200MW光伏电站腹地区域,通过同... 详细信息

沙漠地区建设光伏阵列后,地表吹蚀和堆积过程引起的地貌变化不仅严重威胁到了光伏组件固定结构的稳定,而且间接加速损耗了电板发电功率。为探究沙区光伏阵列扰动下近地层风沙输移特征,在库布齐沙漠中段的200MW光伏电站腹地区域,通过同步测定光伏阵列腹地电板不同部位(板间、板前和板后)和上风向无光伏设施覆盖的流动沙地近地层输沙率,同时利用HOBO小型移动气象站记录观测期风速和风向信息,分析不同风速风向条件下光伏阵列整体阻沙率、局部不同部位风沙流结构及通量模型。结果显示:光伏阵列与风向夹角在–12.30°~82.19°范围内,光伏阵列阻沙率为35.34%~93.02%,当夹角超过45°时,光伏阵列平均阻沙率可达84.63%;随光伏阵列与风向之间夹角增大,板间和板后位置风沙输移高度有向上层移动的趋势,而板前位置则更加贴近地表;双参数指数函数可以较好地模拟光伏阵列内不同部位近地层30cm高度范围内输沙率随高度的变化规律。研究结果有助于认识沙漠地区建设光伏阵列后近地层风沙输移规律,可为科学制定次生风沙危害防治技术方案提供依据与参考。

关键词：太阳能沙粒光伏阵列输沙率风沙流结构拟合模型库布齐沙漠

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荒漠草原产流产沙过程及养分运移特征

水土保持学报 2024年第4期38卷 45-54页

作者：杨毅蒙仲举陈晓燕内蒙古农业大学沙漠治理学院呼和浩特010018 内蒙古自治区社会科学院呼和浩特010010

[目的]荒漠草原夏季降雨强度大且集中性强,水力侵蚀危害严重,明确荒漠草原区产流产沙过程及养分运移规律对该地区开展水土保持工作有重要意义。[方法]试验基于天然降雨观测和人工模拟降雨的方法,研究荒漠草原区产流产沙过程及养分运移规... 详细信息

[目的]荒漠草原夏季降雨强度大且集中性强,水力侵蚀危害严重,明确荒漠草原区产流产沙过程及养分运移规律对该地区开展水土保持工作有重要意义。[方法]试验基于天然降雨观测和人工模拟降雨的方法,研究荒漠草原区产流产沙过程及养分运移规律,并通过对植被进行不同处理研究植被对产流产沙的影响。[结果](1)不同植被处理方式的水土保持效果不同。3种不同处理方式中天然草地的水土保持效果最好,减流率与减沙率分别为11.37%和49.67%。(2)产流产沙过程改变地表土壤物质组成,使地表土壤粗粒化,还对土壤养分产生影响。降雨后砂粒含量增加5.97%~15.71%,土壤速效N、P及有机质分别减少40.84%,27.08%,33.49%。(3)坡面产流产沙量随坡度和降雨强度的增加而增加,幂函数能较好地拟合降雨历时与产流量和产沙量的关系。随降雨强度增加,坡度为5°~25°的峰值产流量平均增加6.70 L;降雨强度0.6~2.0 mm/L时,产沙量增长速度加快的拐点出现在坡度15°~20°。[结论]研究结果可为荒漠草原区水土流失的综合防治提供理论参考,有助于改善荒漠草原区生态环境,有利于该地区开展水土保持工作。

关键词：水力侵蚀荒漠草原养分运移产流产沙