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Presepsin as a biomarker of bacterial translocation and an indicator for the prescription of probiotics in cirrhosis

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第5期16卷 822-831页

作者： Irina Efremova Roman Maslennikov Elena Poluektova Oleg Medvedev Anna Kudryavtseva George Krasnov maria Fedorova Filipp Romanikhin maria Zharkova Oxana Zolnikova Gyunay Bagieva Vladimir Ivashkin Department of Internal Medicine Gastroenterology and HepatologySechenov UniversityMoscow 119435Russia Department of Scientific Scientific Community for the Promotion of the Clinical Study of the Human MicrobiomeMoscow 119435Russia Department of Pharmacology Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscow 119192Russia Department of Post-Genomic Research Laboratory Engelhardt Institute of Molecular BiologyRussian Academy of SciencesMoscow 119991Russia

BACKGROUND The gut–liver axis and bacterial translocation are important in cirrhosis,but there is no available universal biomarker of cellular bacterial translocation,for which presepsin may be a *** To evaluate the relationship of the blood presepsin levels with the state of the gut microbiota in cirrhosis in the absence of obvious *** This study included 48 patients with Child–Pugh cirrhosis classes B and C and 15 healthy *** fecal microbiome was assessed using 16S rRNA gene *** levels of presepsin were measured.A total of 22 patients received a probiotic(Saccharomyces boulardii)for 3 *** Presepsin levels were higher in patients with cirrhosis than in healthy individuals[342(91-2875)vs 120(102-141)pg/mL;P=0.048].Patients with elevated presepsin levels accounted for 56.3%of all included *** had lower levels of serum albumin and higher levels of serum total bilirubin and overall severity of cirrhosis as assessed using the Child–Pugh *** with elevated presepsin levels had an increased abundance of the main taxa responsible for bacterial translocation,namely Bacilli and Proteobacteria(including the main class Gammaproteobacteria and the minor taxa Xanthobacteraceae and Stenotrophomonas),and a low abundance of bacteria from the family Lachnospiraceae(including the minor genus Fusicatenibacter),which produce short-chain fatty acids that have a positive effect on intestinal barrier *** presepsin level directly correlated with the relative abundance of Bacilli,Proteobacteria,and inversely correlated with the abundance of Lachnospiraceae and *** 3 months of taking the probiotic,the severity of cirrhosis on the Child–Pugh scale decreased significantly only in the group with elevated presepsin levels[from 9(8-11)to 7(6-9);P=0.004],while there were no significant changes in the group with normal presepsin levels[from 8(7-8)to 7(6-8);P=0.123].A high level of presepsin

关键词： Dysbiosis Gut Intestinal permeability Leaky gut Gut-liver axis Liver Microbiota

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Artificial intelligence as a tool in drug discovery and development

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World Journal of Experimental Medicine 2024年第3期14卷 11-19页

作者： maria Kokudeva Mincho Vichev Emilia Naseva Dimitrina Georgieva Miteva Tsvetelina Velikova Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of PharmacyMedical University of SofiaSofia 1000Bulgaria Healthcare Solutions Sofia 1404Bulgaria Faculty of Public Health Medical University of SofiaSofia 1431Bulgaria Department of Genetics Faculty of BiologySofia University St.Kliment OhridskiSofia 1164Bulgaria Tsvetelina Velikova Medical FacultySofia University St.Kliment OhridskiSofia 1407Bulgaria

The rapidly advancing field of artificial intelligence(AI)has garnered substantial attention for its potential application in drug discovery and *** opinion review critically examined the feasibility and prospects of integrating AI as a transformative tool in the pharmaceutical ***,encompassing machine learning algorithms,deep learning,and data analytics,offers unprecedented opportunities to streamline and enhance various stages of drug *** opinion review delved into the current landscape of AI-driven approaches,discussing their utilization in target identification,lead optimization,and predictive modeling of pharmacokinetics and *** aimed to scrutinize the integration of large-scale omics data,electronic health records,and chemical informatics,highlighting the power of AI in uncovering novel therapeutic targets and accelerating drug repurposing *** the considerable potential of AI,the review also addressed inherent challenges,including data privacy concerns,interpretability of AI models,and the need for robust validation in realworld clinical ***,we explored ethical considerations surrounding AI-driven decision-making in drug *** opinion review provided a nuanced perspective on the transformative role of AI in drug discovery by discussing the existing literature and emerging trends,presenting critical insights and addressing potential *** conclusion,this study aimed to stimulate discourse within the scientific community and guide future endeavors to harness the full potential of AI in drug development.

关键词： Artificial intelligence Drug discovery Drug development Decision-making AI-driven medicine Healthcare Public health

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Characteristics and trends of pediatric firepit burns: insights for prevention and safety

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World Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2024年第1期7卷 54-58页

作者： maria Fazal Charbel Chidiac Raheel Ahmad Oussama Issa Erica Hodgman Alejandro V Garcia Johns Hopkins School of Medicine BaltimoreMarylandUSA Department of Surgery Division of Pediatric SurgeryJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA Division of the Biological Sciences University of ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA School of Medicine American University of BeirutBeirutLebanon

Introduction As fire pits grow in popularity,so do the associated burn *** study examines pediatric fire pit burns characteristics to raise awareness and promote safety *** We conducted a retrospective review of pediatric patients(<21 years)with firepit burns at a tertiary care hospital from 2016 to *** Eighty-four patients were identified,of whom 70.2%were male,with a median age of 62 *** median percent total body surface area burned was 2%(interquartile range(IQR)=1-4).Thirty-five(41.7%)patients were admitted and 7(8.3%)underwent *** and trunk burns had the highest grafting rates(66%and 33%,respectively).The hands(41.7%)and the lower extremities(27.4%)were the most frequently burned body *** leading causes of burns were ashes/hot coals(34.5%),flames(31.0%),and direct contact(25.0%),often resulting from falling into the fire(59.5%)or running or playing in activities near it(26.2%).Thirty-five(41.7%)were admitted for inpatient management,while 49(58.3%)were treated as ***(13.2%)underwent at least one reconstructive surgery,7(8.4%)had at least one rehabilitation visit,and 65(77.4%)had follow-up clinic *** median length of stay was 2 days(IQR=1.0-3.5).The peak months for burns were from August through October(n=40,46.0%),with an increase observed from 10 cases in 2016to 20 cases in *** Given the significant proportion of firepit burns resulting from unsafe fire behaviors,it is crucial that caretakers are aware of proper firepit safety *** ofevidence Il.

关键词： burns admitted prevention

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Renewable Polymers in Biomedical Applications:From the Bench to the Market

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2024年第4期12卷 643-666页

作者： Rauany Cristina Lopes Tamires Nossa Wilton Rogério Lustri Gabriel Lombardo maria Inés Errea Eliane Trovatti Department of Health and Biological Sciences University of Araraquara—UNIARAAraraquara14801-340Brazil Laboratory of Materials(LabMat)and Laboratory of Biopolymers(LaBioPol) Federal Institute of EducationScience and Technology of São Paulo Campus Itapetininga(IFSP)Itapetininga18.202‑000Brazil Instituto Tecnológico de Buenos Aires Cidade Autônoma de Buenos AiresC1437FBCArgentina Conselho Nacional de Pesquisas Científicas e Técnicas(CONICET) Cidade Autônoma de Buenos AiresC1425FQBArgentina Tecnologia YPF(Y-TEC) BerissoBuenos Aires1923Argentina

Polymers from renewable resources have been used for a long time in biomedical applications and found an irreplaceable role in some of *** uses have been increasing because of their attractive properties,contributing to the improvement of life quality,mainly in drug release systems and in regenerative *** using natural polymer,nano and microscale particles preparation,composites,blends and chemical modification strategies have been used to improve their properties for clinical *** many studies have been carried out with these natural polymers,the way to reach the market is long and only very few of them become commercially *** cellulose,bacterial cellulose,chitosan,poly(lactic acid)and starch can be found among the most studied polymers for biological applications,some with several derivatives already established in the market,and others with potential for *** this scenario this work aims to describe the properties and potential of these renewable polymers for biomedical applications,the routes from the bench to the market,and the perspectives for future developments.

关键词： Polymers renewable biomedical applications market

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Changes in call properties of Boana pulchella (Anura, Hylidae) in response to different noise conditions

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Current Zoology 2024年第4期70卷 548-556页

作者： Pablo Grenat maria Ferrero mariana Baraquet Favio Pollo Manuel Otero Zulma Salinas Nancy Salas Adolfo Martino Ecologia Departamento de Ciencias NaturalesFacultad de Ciencias ExactasFisico-Quimicas y NaturalesUniversidad Nacional de Rio CuartoRutaNacional N°36-km601X5804BYARioCuartoArgentina lnstituto de Ciencias de la Tierra Biodiversidad y Ambiente(ICBIA)UNRC-CONICETRuta Nacional N°36-km 601X5804BYARio CuartoArgentina Cátedra de Botanica General Departamento de Recursos Naturales y AmbienteFacultad de AgronomiaUniversidad de Buenos AiresAv.San Martin 4453Buenos AiresArgentina

The increasing expansion of urban areas leads to the emergence of new noisy environments that can affect animal *** play a crucial role in the mating displays of anurans,and the negative impact of anthropogenic noise-induced auditory masking has been reported in several *** investigated the acoustic variation in 96 males(n=971 calls)of the treefrog Boana pulchella across acoustically undis-turbed sites and different noise conditions,associated with urban areas(URBAN)and roads(ROAD),in Central *** analyzed the effect of anthropogenic noise conditions on 6 temporal(call duration[CD],intercall interval,first and second note duration,internote interval,and call rate)and 3 spectral(dominant frequency of first and second note,frequency difference between them)call *** effects of temperature and size on acoustical variables were *** observed differences in all call attributes among the noise conditions,except for intercall *** exposed to URBAN and ROAD exhibited significant changes in CD,dominant frequency of the second note,and fre-quency difference between *** males had longest internote interval,while ROAD individuals displayed increased first and second note duration and call ***,ROAD males exhibited immediate changes in call rate in direct response to passing heavy *** study emphasizes the impact of anthropogenic noise on the acoustic characteristics of *** *** how animals adapt to noisy environments is crucial in mitigating the adverse effects of urbanization on their communication *** investigations should explore whether the observed call adjustments are effective in avoiding or mitigating the negative consequences of anthropogenic noise on reproductive success.

关键词： acoustic communication advertisement call auditory masking noise pollution road traffic noise.

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Role of glioma stem cells in promoting tumor chemo- and radioresistance: A systematic review of potential targeted treatments

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2024年第5期16卷 604-614页

作者： Edoardo Agosti Marco Zeppieri Mattia Ghidoni Tamara Ius Alessandro Tel Marco maria Fontanella Pier Paolo Panciani Division of Neurosurgery Department of Medical and Surgical SpecialtiesRadiological Sciences and Public HealthUniversity of BresciaBrescia 25123Italy Department of Ophthalmology University Hospital of UdineUdine 33100Italy Neurosurgery Unit Department of Head-Neck and NeuroScienceUniversity Hospital of UdineUdine 33100Italy Clinic of Maxillofacial Surgery Department of Head-Neck and NeuroScienceUniversity Hospital of UdineUdine 33100Italy

BACKGROUND Gliomas pose a significant challenge to effective treatment despite advancements in chemotherapy and *** stem cells(GSCs),a subset within tumors,contribute to resistance,tumor heterogeneity,and *** studies reveal GSCs’role in therapeutic resistance,driven by DNA repair mechanisms and dynamic transitions between cellular *** mechanisms can involve different cellular pathways,most of which have been recently reported in the *** progress,targeted therapeutic approaches lack consensus due to GSCs’high *** To analyze targeted therapies against GSC-mediated resistance to radio-and chemotherapy in gliomas,focusing on underlying *** A systematic search was conducted across major medical databases(PubMed,Embase,and Cochrane Library)up to September 30,*** search strategy utilized relevant Medical Subject Heading terms and keywords related to including“glioma stem cells”,“radiotherapy”,“chemotherapy”,“resistance”,and“targeted therapies”.Studies included in this review were publications focusing on targeted therapies against the molecular mechanism of GSC-mediated re-sistance to radiotherapy resistance(RTR).RESULTS In a comprehensive review of 66 studies on stem cell therapies for SCI,452 papers were initially identified,with 203 chosen for full-text *** them,201 were deemed eligible after excluding 168 for various *** temporal breakdown of studies illustrates this trend:2005-2010(33.3%),2011-2015(36.4%),and 2016-2022(30.3%).Key GSC models,particularly U87(33.3%),U251(15.2%),and T98G(15.2%),emerge as significant in research,reflecting their representativeness of glioma *** analysis indicates a focus on phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)(27.3%)and Notch(12.1%)pathways,suggesting their crucial roles in resistance *** molecules with mTOR(18.2%),CHK1/2(15.2%),and ATP binding cassette

关键词： Glioma stem cells Chemoresistance Radioresistance Molecular pathways Targeted therapies Systematic review

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How to Clean Your Sneakers

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空中英语教室（初级版．大家说英语） 2024年第11期 8-9,50页

作者： maria Chiu 不详

1 Mix warm water and a little detergent in a bowl.2 Take the shoelaces out of your sneakers.3 Brush the dirt from your sneakers with a brush.

关键词： Clean brush bowl

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Make a Rock Photo Holder

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空中英语教室（初级版．大家说英语） 2024年第9期 26-27,53页

作者： maria Chiu 不详

一、拿一块光滑的石头和一些铁丝、颜料和画笔。二、用一种颜色为石头涂色,然后晾干。三、拿另一种颜色的颜料和另一支画笔。四、在石头上画出图案,然后晾干。五、用铁丝的一端缠在石头上。六、把铁丝的另一端在一支笔上绕几圈。

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I Will See It Through

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空中英语教室（初级版．大家说英语） 2024年第11期 6-7,50页

作者： maria Chiu 不详

Being able to see is important,and so is learning phrases that use the word see!If you see to something,you make sure it gets *** may run into problems along the way,but you have to keep *** have to see it *** you see past something,you don't let it change your *** you see something in someone,you recognize that they have a lot to ***,you may want to watch a friend leave so you can say bye to *** you might see them off at the airport.

关键词： something airport Final

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Cranberry Sauce Recipe

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空中英语教室（初级版．大家说英语） 2024年第11期 27-29,53页

作者： maria Chiu 不详

Cranberry Sauce Ingredients 1 cupsugar 1/2 cup orange juice 1/2cup water 4cups fresh orfrozen cranberries 1 piece of orange peel Directions *** sugar,orange juice and water in a *** it boil.

关键词： orange sugar frozen

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