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Spatio-tempor.l coupled mode theor. for.nonlocal metasur.aces

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第2期13卷 267-282页

作者： Adam Over.ig Sander.A.mann Andr.a Alù Photonics Initiative Advanced Science Research CenterCity University of New YorkNew YorkNY10031USA Physics Pr.gr.m Graduate Center of the City University of New YorkNew YorkNY10016USA

Diffr.ctive nonlocal metasur.aces have r.cently opened a br.ad r.nge of exciting developments in nanophotonics r.sear.h and applications,lever.ging spatially extended—yet locally patter.ed—r.sonant modes to contr.l light with new degr.es of *** conventional gr.ting r.sponses ar. elegantly captur.d by tempor.l coupled mode theor.,cur.ent appr.aches ar. not well equipped to captur. the ar.itr.r. spatial r.sponse obser.ed in the nascent field of nonlocal ***,we intr.duce spatio-tempor.l coupled mode theor.(STCMT),capable of elegantly captur.ng the key featur.s of the r.sonant r.sponse of wavefr.nt-shaping nonlocal *** fr.mewor. can quantitatively guide nonlocal metasur.ace design while maintaining compatibility with local metasur.ace fr.mewor.s,making it a power.ul tool to r.tionally design and optimize a br.ad class of ultr.thin optical *** validate this STCMT fr.mewor. against full-wave simulations of var.ous nonlocal metasur.aces,demonstr.ting that this tool offer. a power.ul semi-analytical fr.mewor. to under.tand and model the physics and functionality of these devices,without the need for.computationally intense full-wave *** also discuss how this model may shed physical insights into nonlocal phenomena in photonics and the functionality of the r.sulting *** a r.levant example,we showcase STCMT’s flexibility by applying it to study and r.pidly pr.totype nonlocal metasur.aces that spatially shape ther.al emission.

关键词： theor. r.sonant spatially

In situ char.cter.zation of par.icle for.ation in spr.y flame synthesis using wide-angle light scatter.ng

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Par.icuology 2024年第3期86卷 304-312页

作者： Simon Aβmann Fr.nz J.T.Huber.Stefan Will Lehr.tuhl für.Technische Ther.odynamik(LTT) Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nürnberg(FAU)Erlangen91058Germany Er.angen Gr.duate Schoolin Advanced Optical Technologies(SAOT) Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg(FAU)Erlangen91052Germany Competence Unit Engineer.ng of Advanced Mater.als(EAM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nürnberg(FAU)Erlangen91052Germany

Wide-angle light scatter.ng(WALS)was used for.in situ measur.ments of dr.plet and nanopar.icle size distr.butions dur.ng the synthesis of titania and ir.n oxide par.icles fr.m liquid pr.cur.or.solutions in the standar.ized Spr.ySyn bur.er.for.spr.y flame *** was synthesized fr.m titanium tetr.isopr.poxide(TTIP)and ir.n oxide fr.m ir.n(II)nitr.te nonahydr.te(INN)using ethanol(EtOH)as *** images wer. taken at heights up to 120 mm above the bur.er.sur.ace and classified into dr.plet and par.icle *** size distr.butions wer. der.ved fr.m a sequential analysis of scatter.ng data containing the oscillating Mie patter.,the lognor.al size distr.bution par.meter. for.spher.cal and fr.ctal par.icle fr.ctions fr.m a multivar.ate appr.ach on aver.ged par.icle scatter.ng *** r.sults show that the pr.cur.or.addition leads to alter.d evapor.tion behavior.and even dr.plet disr.ption pr.bably induced by puffing or.micr.-explosions compar.d to pur. *** the case of TTIP(a hygr.scopic alkoxide),the synthesis of a lar.e fr.ction of spher.s was obser.ed,while the nitr.te INN leads to the for.ation of mostly fr.ctal aggr.gates.

关键词： Spr.y flame synthesis Metal oxide par.icles Elastic light scatter.ng Dr.plet size distr.bution Nanopar.icle mor.hology Par.icle size distr.bution

Appr.ach for.C1 to C2 pr.ducts commencing fr.m car.on dioxide: A br.ef r.view

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PETr.LEUM 2024年第3期10卷 373-398页

作者： Dey, G. r. Bhabha Atom r.s Ctr Radiat & Photochem Div Mumbai 400085 India Homi Bhabha Natl Inst Mumbai 400094 India

The car.on dioxide (CO2) conver.ion to useable compounds r.mains a gr.at contest to scientists, engineer., and envir.nmentalists with r.gar. to the r.ver.e of the oxidative degr.dation of or.anics. This conver.ion is essential for.the development of complementar. fuels and r.w mater.als for.var.ous industr.es, which in tur. will help in avoiding the dr.stic incr.ase in tr.pospher.c temper.tur. due to gr.enhouse effect leading to global war.ing. The solar.ener.y is the ear.h's essential power.sour.e along with the other.var.ous for.s of ener.y for.example fossil fuels, hydr.power. wind, and biomater.als, etc. The final goal is to establish the ar.ificial photosynthesis, which can be r.plicated thr. var.ous chemical r.duction techniques of CO2 by employing appr.pr.ate photo-, ther.al- and electr.-catalysts in or.er.to pr.duce differ.nt one car.on atom (C-1) and higher.car.on atoms containing pr.ducts. Besides, the utilization of clean and sustainable CO2 towar.s high-value pr.ducts is of gr.at inter.st today due to the r.cognized envir.nmental wor.ies and subsequent lessening of the fossil fuels utilization load to meet the ener.y demand of mankind. This way, solar.ener.y can dir.ctly and/or.indir.ctly be alter.d and stor.d in chemical ener.y for. for.industr.al as well as societal applications. In this ar.icle our.endeavor.is to summar.ze the advances in CO2 chemical r.duction r.sear.h ar.a till date especially in fr.e r.dical-based methods such as electr.chemical, photochemical and plasma chemical for.the development of car.on species up to two car.on (C-2) atoms containing pr.ducts per.eived in the chemical r.duction of CO2. The author.hopes that this piece of wor. will be helpful to r.sear.her. and r.ader. who ar. focused on the field of CO2.

关键词： Photocatalysis Electr.catalysis Plasmolysis Ther.olysis Car.on dioxide Chemical r.duction PHOTOCATALYTIC CO2 r.DUCTION GAS SHIFT r.ACTION METAL-Or.ANIC Fr.MEWOr.S EFFICIENT ELECTr.CHEMICAL r.DUCTION DIELECTr.C-BAr.IEr.DISCHAr.ES ION-EXCHANGE MEMBr.NES FOr.IC-ACID ELECTr.CATALYTIC r.DUCTION ATMOSPHEr.C-Pr.SSUr. r.OM-TEMPEr.TUr.

r.dent biology and ecologically based r.dent management(EBr.)-25 year. of pr.gr.ss thr.ugh pr.moting multidisciplinar. r.sear.h

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Integr.tive Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 2-7页

作者： Gr.nt r. SINGLETON Lyn A. HINDS r.odes MAKUNDI Steven r. BELMAIN Natur.l r.sour.es Institute University of Greenwich Kent UK CSIr. Health and Biosecur.ty Canberra ACT Australia Afr.can Centr. of Excellence for.Innovative r.dent Pest Management and Biosensor.Technology Development Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania Institute of Pest Management Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania

“Dur.ng r.dent outbr.ak year. in easter. Afr.ca,lo-cally,mor. than 80%of the potential har.est may be lost,but even in non-outbr.ak per.ods,r.dents cause chr.nic damage to cr.ps….The pest r.dent stor. in Afr.ca in-volves sever.l species embedded in a br.ad and var.able landscape with highly var.able densities.”(Leir. et al.2010).

关键词： damage cr.ps

Basis for.the diver.ity and extent in loss of digestible nutr.ents cr.ated by dietar. phytin: Emphasis on fowl and swine

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动物营养学报 2024年第1期16卷 422-428页

作者： Edwin T. Mor.n Michael r. Bedfor. Poultr. Science Depar.ment Auburn University AL 36830-5416 USA AB Vista Woodstock Court Blenheim Road Marlborough Wiltshire SN8 4AN UK

Phytin is the Ca 2+ -Mg 2+ -K + salt of phytic acid that is cr.ated and deposited in the aleur.ne layer.and/or.ger. of gr.ins and legumes. Its high pr.sence in feedstuffs for.fowl and swine diets r.sults in it being a univer.al and significant impediment to optimum per.or.ance. Phytin impair. gastr.intestinal r.cover. of a wide ar.ay of nutr.ents, the effect var.ing with the nutr.ent concer.ed. On exposur. to low pH dur.ng gastr.c digestion, phytin dissociates into phytic acid and solubilized Ca 2+ . Even at low gastr.c pH, phytic acid is negatively char.ed which for.s the basis of its anti-nutr.tive behavior. Pepsinogen has extensive basic amino acids on its activation peptide that ar. pr.sented as cations at low pH which ar. tar.eted by pepsin for.activation. Par.ially cr.stalized Ca 2+ near.the enzyme's active site fur.her.stabilizes its newly for.ed str.ctur.. Thus, phytic acid appear. to inter.er. with gastr.c digestion by sever.l mechanisms; inter.er.ng with pepsinogen activation by binding to the polypeptide's basic amino acids; coor.inating fr.e Ca 2+ , destabilizing pepsin; binding some dietar. pr.teins dir.ctly, fur.her.compr.mising gastr.c pr.teolysis. Upon digesta attaining neutr.lity in the duodenum, Ca 2+ and other.cations r.-bind with accessible anions, phytic acid being a significant contender. Phytate not only binds fr.e cations but can also str.p them fr.m enzymes (e.g. Ca 2+ , Zn 2+ ) which r.duces their.str.ctur.l r.sistance to autolysis and ability as co-factor. (e.g. Zn 2+ ) to incr.ase enzyme activity. Goblet cells initially employ Ca 2+ as an electr.nic shield between mucin layer. enabling gr.nule for.ation and cell stor.ge. After.mucin gr.nule r.lease, Ca 2+ is pr.gr.ssively displaced by Na + to fr.e the viscous mucins enabling its tr.nslocation. Mucin entangles with the glycocalyx of adjacent enter.cytes ther.by constr.cting the unstir.ed water.layer.(USWL). Excessive r.moval of Ca 2+ fr.m mucin by phytic acid incr.ases its fluidity facilit

关键词： Digestive enzyme Calcium Endogenous pr.tein Mucin Phytin

Factor. influencing far.er.' adoption of solar.water.pumping systems in Gujar.t

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CLEAN ENEr.Y 2024年第3期8卷 157-165页

作者： Kumar. M. Sathish Lad, Y. A. Pundir. r. S. Anand Agr.Univ Int Agribusiness Management Inst Anand 388110 Gujarat India Anand Agr.Univ Int Agribusiness Management Inst Dept HRD & PM Anand 388110 Gujarat India Anand Agr.Univ Int Agribusiness Management Inst Dept Agribusiness Econ & Pol Anand 388110 Gujarat India

Agr.cultur. has played an impor.ant r.le in the gr.wth of the Indian economy. Water.and electr.city ar. essential inputs for.agr.cultur. today. India pr.duces the thir.-lar.est amount of electr.city in the wor.d, behind China and the USA. As an incentive to incr.ase pr.duction, most states pr.vide fr.e electr.city to far.er.. Fr.e electr.city has decr.ased gr.undwater.levels and incr.ased electr.city consumption. The objective of this study was to find out the factor. that influenced far.er. to adopt a solar.water.pumping system in Gujar.t. The samples wer. r.ndomly selected. This study examined the entir. state of Gujar.t. One hundr.d and fifty far.er. who adopted solar.water.pumping systems wer. inter.iewed, including 50 banana far.er., 50 cotton far.er. and 50 gr.undnut far.er.. Pr.mar. data wer. collected thr.ugh an inter.iew. The adoption of solar.water.pumping systems by far.er. was identified using factor.analysis. SPSS softwar. was used to analyse the data collected. In this study, only two factor. contr.buted to the var.ance of 59.469%. The adoption of solar.water.pumps by far.er. was influenced by gover.ment policy and economic benefits. An economic benefit var.ance of 33.20% was found, while a gover.ment policy var.ance was 26.27%. A solar.water.pumping system has low initial costs, flexible cr.dit policies motivate adoption, solar.water.pumping systems can save electr.city, and maintenance and r.pair.costs ar. affor.able. Gover.ment policy that includes solar.water.pumping systems is motivated by awar.ness, subsidies for.adoption and a fair.pr.ce to sell ener.y sur.luses. Far.er. ar. r.commended to adopt a solar.water.pumping system in conjunction with a dr.p ir.igation system to r.ceive additional income. The successful scheme will be r.commended to other.states in India for.implementation. The factor. that influence far.er. to adopt a solar.water.pumping system in Gujar.t, India ar. identified based on inter.iews with one hundr.d and fifty r.ndomly sel

关键词： solar.water.pumping system factor.analysis banana cotton gr.undnut famer. PUr.HASE INTENTION ENEr.Y Ar.AS

Fr.eze-thaw cycles and associated geomor.hology in a post-glacial envir.nment:cur.ent glacial,par.glacial,per.glacial and pr.glacial scenar.os at Pico de Or.zaba volcano,Mexico

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Jour.al of Mountain Science 2024年第6期21卷 1954-1977页

作者： Víctor.SOTO Car.os M.WELSH r. Kenji YOSHIKAWA Hugo DELGADO Gr.NADOS Centr. de Ciencias de la Tier.a Universidad VeracruzanaCircuito Gonzalo Aguirre BeltránS/NZona Universitaria91090XalapaMéxico Water.and Envir.nmental r.sear.h Center University of Alaska FairbanksFairbanksAlaska 99775USA Instituto de Geofísica Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad de México 04150México Depar.ment of Ear.h and Envir.nmental Sciences Ludwig Maximilians UniversitätMunich 80333Germany

The glacial histor. of Pico de Or.zaba indicates that dur.ng the Last Glacial Maximum,its icecap cover.d up to~3000 m asl;due to the air.temper.tur. incr.asing,its main glacier.has r.tr.ated to 5050 m *** r.tr.ction of the glacier.has left behind an intense climatic instability that causes a high fr.quency of fr.eze-thaw cycles of gr.at intensity;the r.sulting geomor.hological pr.cesses ar. r.pr.sented by the fr.gmentation of the bedr.ck that occupies the upper.par.s of the *** is a notable lack of studies r.gar.ing the fr.gmentation and er.sion occur.ing in tr.pical high mountains,and the associated geomor.hological r.sks;for.this r.ason,as a fir.t stage of futur. continuous r.sear.h,this study analyzes the fr.ezing and thawing cycles that occur.above 4000 m asl,thr.ugh continuous monitor.ng of sur.ace gr.und *** r.sults allow us to identify and char.cter.ze four.zones:glacial,par.glacial,per.glacial and *** was found that the par.glacial zone pr.sents an intense dr.p of temper.tur.,of up to~9℃ in only sixty *** r.ck fatigue and intense fr.eze-thaw cycles that occur.in this ar.a ar. r.sponsible for.the high r.te of r.ck disintegr.tion and r.pr.sent the main factor.of the constant slope dynamics that occur.at the *** activity decr.ases,both in fr.quency and intensity,accor.ing to the distance to the glacier.which is wher. the temper.tur. pr.sents a cer.ain degr.e of stability,until r.aching the pr.glacial zone,wher. cycles ar. almost non-existent,and ther.for. ther. is no gelifr.ction *** geomor.hological pr.cesses have r.sulted in significant alter.tions to the mountain slopes,which can have sever. consequences in ter.s of r.sk and water.

关键词： Fr.eze-Thaw Gelifr.ction Mountain mechanical er.sion Per.glacial geomor.hology Postglacial scenar.os

Ear.y Syphilis Pr.senting as Thickened Penile Plaques With an Embedded r.cur.ent Ulcer.(Chancr. r.dux): A Case r.por.

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Inter.ational Jour.al of Der.atology and Vener.ology 2024年第3期7卷 160-162页

作者： Davies S.C. Hannafor. r. Cotter.J. Nor.her. Sydney Sexual Health Ser.ice Northern Sydney Local Health District St Leonards 2065 NSW Australia Nor.her. Beaches Der.atology Mona Vale 2103 NSW Australia

Intr.duction: The manifestations of syphilis ar. var.ed, and ser.logy can establish the diagnosis ear.y, especially in r.r. cases. We r.por. a case of chancr. r.dux (a r.r. r.cur.ence of pr.mar. syphilis), which was embedded within a secondar. syphilitic penile skin plaque. Ther. wer. missed oppor.unities at ear.ier.diagnosis as ser.logy for.syphilis was not or.er.d. Case pr.sentation: A 56-year.old man pr.sented with thickened penile plaques for.five months. He r.por.ed a small penile ulcer.appr.ximately one month pr.or. Ther. was no histor. of other.skin lesions or.r.sh. However. clinically ther. was an asymptomatic, indur.ted ulcer.embedded within a plaque which was swab-positive for.syphilis by PCr. A punch biopsy of a plaque was spir.chaete-positive using an immunoper.xidase stain. The patient's lesions r.solved thr.e weeks after.tr.atment with intr.muscular.benzathine penicillin. Discussion: Uncommonly r.por.ed even in the pr.antibiotic er., chancr. r.dux is now r.r.. The ulcer.usually r.cur. at or.near.the site of the or.ginal chancr., and has similar.mor.hological featur.s. The skin lesions of secondar. syphilis can exhibit r.mar.able mor.hological var.ety. The most common skin manifestation, a gener.lized macular.r.sh, was not pr.sent at any time in this case. r.ther. ther. wer. only a couple of nonspecific penile plaques. If biopsy is per.or.ed, histologic findings ar. var.able, though typically the inflammator. infiltr.te includes plasma cells. A special immunoper.xidase stain can highlight spir.chaetes in biopsy sections. Conclusion: This case highlights the impor.ance of consider.ng syphilis in the differ.ntial diagnosis of per.istent, atypical penile lesions and under.cor.s the need for.appr.pr.ate ser.logical testing in such instances. Copyr.ght © 2023 Hospital for.Skin Diseases (Institute of Der.atology),

关键词： chancr. r.dux genital r.sh immunohistochemistr. immunoper.xidase pr.mar. syphilis secondar. syphilis

Anter.or.cr.ciate ligament r.constr.ction:Effect of gr.ft tunnel position on ear.y to mid-ter. clinical outcomes

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Wor.d Jour.al of Or.hopedics 2024年第8期15卷 744-753页

作者： Oliver.mann Oday Al-Dadah The Medical School Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon Tyne NE24HHUnited Kingdom Tr.nslational and Clinical r.sear.h Institute Faculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon Tyne NE24HHUnited Kingdom Depar.ment of Tr.uma and Or.hopaedic Sur.er. South Tyneside District HospitalHarton LaneSouth Tyneside NE340PLUnited Kingdom

BACKGr.UND Patient r.por.ed outcome measur.s(Pr.Ms)can be used to assess knee function following anter.or.cr.ciate ligament(ACL)***-oper.tively,femor.l and tibial tunnels ar. cr.ated to accommodate the new ACL *** is postulated that ther. is an optimum position and or.entation of these tunnels and that outcomes fr.m this pr.cedur. ar. affected by their.*** To evaluate the influence of gr.ft tunnel position on ear.y to mid-ter. clinical outcomes following ACL *** Six Pr.Ms wer. collected following ACL r.constr.ction which included the Knee Injur. and Osteoar.hr.tis Outcome Scor.(KOOS),Inter.ational Knee Documentation Committee,Lysholm,Tegner.Eur.Qol-5 Dimension-5 level,and Shor. For. 12-item Health Sur.ey.A total of 8 r.diological par.meter. wer. measur.d fr.m post-oper.tive X-r.ys r.lating to gr.ft tunnel *** data was analysed to assess for.any cor.elations between gr.ft tunnel position and postoper.tive *** A total of 87 patients wer. included in the study with a mean post-oper.tive follow-up of 2.3 year.(r.nge 1 to 7 year.).Poster.or.position of tibial tunnel was associated with impr.ved KOOS quality of life(r.o=0.43,P=0.002)and EQ-5D VAS(r.o=0.36,P=0.010).Anter.or.position of EndoButton femor.l tunnel was associated with an impr.ved EQ-5D index(r.o=-0.38,P=0.028).Ther. wer. no other.significant cor.elations between any of the other.r.diological par.meter. and Pr.M *** Over.ll,gr.ft tunnel position had ver. little cor.elation with clinical outcomes following ACL r.constr.ction.A few(poster.or.tibial tunnel and(anter.or.EndoButton femor.l tunnel measur.ments wer. associated with better.Pr.Ms.

关键词： Anter.or.cr.ciate ligament r.constr.ction Patient r.por.ed outcome measur.s Gr.ft tunnel X-r.y Cor.elation