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Pathogenicity of bacterium, Xenorhabdus nematophila isolated from entomopathogenic nematode (Steinernema carpocapsae) and its secretion against Galleria mellonella larvae

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2005年第6期6卷 457-463页

作者： mahar ali nawaz MUNIR Muhammad ELAWAD Sami GOWEN Simon Richard HAGUE Nigel Graham Meckenzi Department of Agriculture University of Reading Reading RG6 6AT UKSchool of Plant Sciences University of Reading Reading RG6 6AS UKDepartment of Agriculture University of Reading Reading RG6 6AT UKDepartment of Agriculture University of Reading Reading RG6 6AT UKDepartment of Agriculture University of Reading Reading RG6 6AT UK

The entomopathogenic bacterium, Xenorhabdus nematophila was isolated from the hemolymph of Galleria mel- lonella infected with Steinernema carpocapsae. The bacterial cells and its metabolic secretions have been found lethal to the Galleria larvae. Toxic secretion in broth caused 95% mortality within 4 d of application whereas the bacterial cells caused 93% mortality after 6 d. When filter and sand substrates were compared, the later one was observed as appropriate. Similarly, bacterial cells and secretion in broth were more effective at 14% moisture and 25 °C temperature treatments. Maximum insect mortality (100%) was observed when bacterial concentration of 4×106 cells/ml was used. Similarly, maximum bacterial cells in broth (95%) were penetrated into the insect body within 2 h of their application. However, when stored bacterial toxic secretion was applied to the insects its efficacy declined. On the other hand, when the same toxic secretion was dried and then dissolved either in broth or water was proved to be effective. The present study showed that the bacterium, X. nematophila or its toxic secretion can be used as an important component of integrated pest management against Galleria.

关键词：生物学控制细菌共生病原菌线虫病

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Effect of Water Stress on the Growth and Yield of Cotton Crop (<i>Gossypium hirsutum</i>L.)

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2015年第7期6卷 1027-1039页

作者： Arbab Sahito Zulfiqar ali Baloch Amanullah mahar Sohail Ahmed Otho Shahmir ali Kalhoro Amjad ali Fahad ali Kalhoro Rab nawaz Soomro Fayaz ali Department of Agronomy Sindh Agriculture University Tando Jam Pakistan College of Economics and Management Sciences Northwest A&F University Yangling China College of Natural Resources and Environment Northwest A&F University Yangling China Centre for Environmental Sciences University of Sindh Jamshoro Pakistan College of Plant Protection Northwest A&F University Yangling China Faculty of Agriculture Lasbela University of Agriculture Water & Marine Sciences Lasbela Pakistan Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics Sindh Agriculture University Tando Jam Pakistan College of Animal Science and Technology Northwest A&F University Yangling China

Cotton is one of the most important fibre crops playing a key role in economic and social affairs of the world. Water is a critical factor which influences on growth and yield of the cotton crop. Scarcity of water has put tremendous pressure on scientists to introduce drought tolerant cotton varieties. This study was aimed to determine water stress effects on the growth and yield of cotton. The present study was carried out to examine the effect of number of irrigations on the growth and yield of cotton during 2014. The field trial was conducted at the Experimental Fields of Agronomy Section, Agriculture Research Institute, Tandojam, Pakistan. A three replicated Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was employed to layout the experiment having plot size of 2.5 m × 5 m (12.5 m2). Four cotton varieties i.e. NIAB-78, Shahbaz-95, Sindh-1 and TH-224/87 were chosen for this study based on their frequent farmer usage. All the agronomic practices were performed according to standard procedures. Results showed that all the growth and yield components of cotton were significantly (P 0.05) affected by irrigation frequencies. The cotton crop irrigated six times at 21 days interval showed better results with 138.16 cm plant height, 1.45 monopodial branches per plant, 21.83 sympodial branches per plant, 44.58 bolls per plant, 33.86% G.O.T., and 26.97 mm staple length, 149.84 g seed cotton yield per plant and 2271.16 kg·ha-1 seed cotton yield. This study concluded that variety NIAB-78 showed superiority over Shahbaz-95, Sindh-1 and TH-224/87 in almost all the characters of economic importance, and the cotton crop received 6 irrigations at 21 days interval resulted in significantly economical overall performance as compared with 5 irrigations or 4 irrigations with higher seed cotton yield.

关键词： Cotton Crop Drought Stress Tolerance Yield

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Study on Growth Effects of Major-Nutrients Composition to Banana Cultivation in Coastal Areas of Sindh, Pakistan

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2015年第7期6卷 1003-1010页

作者： Shahmir ali Kalhoro Xuexuan Xu Amanullah mahar Amjad ali Fahad ali Kalhoro Sohail Ahmed Otho Rab nawaz Soomro Fayaz ali Zulfiqar ali Baloch Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Northwest A&F University Yangling China Faculty of Agriculture Lasbela University of Agriculture Water & Marine Sciences Lasbela Pakistan College of Natural Resources and Environment Northwest A&F University Yangling China Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics Sindh Agriculture University Tando Jam Pakistan College of Plant Protection Northwest A&F University Yangling China College of Animal Science and Technology Northwest A&F University Yangling China College of Economics and Management Sciences Northwest A&F University Yangling China

The composition of major nutrients, i.e. nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK), is a critical factor in banana cultivation and also influences crop yield. This study was aimed to analyze the concentrations of NPK in different banana growing locations of coastal areas of Sindh, Pakistan. A total of 15 composite soil samples at the depth of 0 - 15 and 15 - 30 cm and the same number of banana leaves were collected. The samples were analyzed for the concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Mn and Cl concentrations. Results showed that the surface and sub-surface soils of coastal areas were heavy in texture, non-saline, medium alkaline and moderately calcareous in nature. Medium to adequate in Organic Matter (OM), medium in total nitrogen, medium to optimum in available phosphorus, medium to high in exchangeable potassium and deficient in available zinc at both tested depths. The analysis of soluble anions indicated that the carbonates were absent and that chlorides were dominant as compared with bicarbonates. Nitrogen and zinc concentrations of banana leaves were below the critical level, whereas P, K, Mn and chloride ion concentration were above the critical levels. In addition, the relative percentages for K, Ca and Mg were 57.72 to 61.72, 19.05 to 21.00 and 17.70 to 20.00 respectively.

关键词： Banana Cultivation Nutrients Yield Soil Leaves

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Heterosis and Combing Ability in F1 Population of Hexaploid Wheat (<i>Triticum Aestivum</i>L.)

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2015年第7期6卷 1011-1026页

作者： Fahad ali Kalhoro Asghar ali Rajpar Shahmir ali Kalhoro Amanullah mahar Amjad ali Sohail Ahmed Otho Rab nawaz Soomro Fayaz ali Zulfiqar ali Baloch Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics Sindh Agriculture University Tando Jam Pakistan Faculty of Agriculture Lasbela University of Agriculture Water & Marine Sciences Lasbela Pakistan Centre for Environmental Sciences University of Sindh Jamshoro Pakistan College of Natural Resources and Environment Northwest A&F University Yangling China College of Plant Protection Northwest A&F University Yangling China College of Animal Science and Technology Northwest A&F University Yangling China College of Economics and Management Sciences Northwest A&F University Yangling China

The heterosis, heterobeltiosis, general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were examined during Rabi (crop season) of 2013-2014 in hexaploid wheat genotypes. The experiment for this study was conducted at the Botanical Garden, Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam, Pakistan. The breeding material was comprised of four parents (Imdad, TD-1, SKD-1, and Moomal). These parents were crossed in half partial mating fashion;thus, six possible cross combinations (F1s) were obtained (Imdad × TD-1, Imdad × SKD-1, Imdad × Moomal, TD-1 × SKD-1, TD-1 × Moomal, and SKD-1 × Moomal). A three-replicated RCB Design was used. The mean squares corresponding to different traits of various hexaploid wheat genotypes indicated significant (P F1 hybrids) effects for the characters (plant height, tillers plant-1, spike length, spikelets spike-1, seeds spike-1, seed index, and grain yield plant-1). The mean performance of F1 hybrids differed significantly (P < 0.01) for all the traits studied. Among the parents, Imdad and TD-1 proved to be better general combiners for almost all the studied traits. In regards to SCA effects, the F1 hybrids Imdad × TD-1 and Imdad × SKD-1 expressed higher SCA and heterotic effects for most of the studied traits.

关键词： Wheat Breeding GCA SCA Heterosis Heterobeltiosis

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