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Estimation and feedback control of air-fuel ratio for gasoline engines

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Control Theory and Technology 2015年第2期13卷 151-159页

作者： madan kUMAR Tielong sHEN Department of Engineering and Applied science Sophia University

In 4-stroke internal combustion engines, air-fuel ratio control is a challenging task due to the rapid changes of engine throttle,especially during transient operation. To improve the transient performance, managing the cycle-to-cycle transient behavior of the mass of the air, the fuel and the burnt gas is a key issue due to the imbalance of cyclic combustion process. This paper address the model-based estimation and control problem for cyclic air-fuel ratio of spark-ignition engines. A discrete-time model of air-fuel ratio is proposed, which represents the cycle-to-cycle transient behavior of in-cylinder state variables under the assumptions of cyclic measurability of the total in-cylinder charge mass, combustion efficiency and the residual gas fraction. With the model,a kalman filter-based air-fuel ratio estimation algorithm is proposed that enable us to perform a feedback control of air-fuel ratio without using lambda sensor. Finally, experimental validation result is demonstrated to show the effectiveness of proposed estimation and control scheme that is conducted on a full-scaled gasoline engine test bench.

关键词： Discrete-time model AFR estimation using kalman filter in-cylinder charge combustion efficiency PI controller

Implementation of ID-based Audit Protocols to Enhance security and Productivity

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Computer systems science & Engineering 2023年第7期46卷 873-882页

作者： R.Hariharan G.komarasamy s.Daniel madan Raja sri Ramakrishna Institute of Technology Coimbatore641010TamilnaduIndia VIT Bhopal University Bhopal-Indore Highway KothrikalanSehore466114Madhya PradeshIndia Bannari Amman Institute of Technology Sathya MangalamErode638401TamilnaduIndia

Cloud storage has gained increasing popularity,as it helps cloud users arbitrarily store and access the related outsourced *** public audit buildings have been presented to ensure data ***,modern developments have mostly been constructed on the public key *** achieve data integrity,the auditor must first authenticate the legality of the public key certificate,which adds to an immense workload for the auditor,in order to ensure that data integrity is *** data facilities anticipate that the storage data quality should be regularly tracked to minimize disruption to the saved data in order to maintain the intactness of the stored data on the remote *** of the main problems for individuals,though,is how to detect data integrity on a term where people have a backup of local ***,a system is often unlikely for a source-limited person to perform a data integrity inspection if the overall data file is *** this work,a stable and effective ID-based auditing setting that uses machine learning techniques is proposed to improve productivity and enhance the protection of ID-based audit *** study tackles the issue of confidentiality and reliability in the public audit framework focused on *** idea has already been proved safe;its safety is very relevant to the traditional presumption of the Computational Diffie-Hellman security assumption.

关键词： Machine learning information processing Bayes methods cloud systems

Calcarea carbonica treatment rescues lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response in human mononuclear cells via downregulation of inducible cyclooxygenase pathway

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2020年第5期18卷 441-449页

作者： swatantra kumar Vimal kMaurya Debadatta Nayak Anil khurana Raj kManchanda srinivasulu Gadugu madan LBBhatt shailendra k.saxena Centre for Advanced Research Faculy of MedicineKing George's Medical UniversityLucknow 226003India Central Council for Research in Homoeopathty.Ministry of Ayush.Janakpuri.New Delhi 10058 India Deparment of Medicine Jaisoorya and Potti Sreeramulu Government Medical Cllege.Hyderabad 500013India

Objective: Prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is associated with severe side effects and toxicity. Therefore, we studied the anti-inflammatory role of Calcarea carbonica which had minimal toxicity at the low ***: THP-1 human mononuclear cells were treated with C. carbonica to evaluate the 50% cytotoxicity concentration(CC_(50)) and 50% effective concentration(EC_(50)). Cell survival was evaluated in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated C. carbonica-treated cells. Nitric oxide(NO) and tumor necrosis factor-a(TNF-a) were measured to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of C. carbonica. Cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) protein expression was determined by Western blotting analysis, and the interaction of C. carbonica with the COX-2 protein was evaluated using molecular docking ***: The CC_(50) and EC_(50) of C. carbonica were found to be 43.26 and 11.99 mg/mL, respectively. The cell survival assay showed a 1.192-fold(P = 0.0129), 1.443-fold(P = 0.0009) and 1.605-fold(P = 0.0004)increase in cell survival at 24, 48 and 72 h after initiating C. carbonica treatment, respectively. C. carbonica-treated cells showed a reduction in NO levels by 2.355 folds(P = 0.0001), 2.181 folds(P = 0.0001) and 2.071 folds(P = 0.0001) at 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively. The treated cells also showed a reduction in TNFa levels by 1.395 folds(P = 0.0013), 1.541 folds(P = 0.0005) and 1.550 folds(P = 0.0005) at 24, 48 and72 h, respectively. In addition, a 1.193-fold reduction(P = 0.0126) in COX-2 protein expression was found in C. carbonica-treated cells. The molecular docking showed interaction of C. carbonica with the phenylalanine 367 residue present in active site of ***: C. carbonica exhibited anti-inflammatory properties in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated cells by significantly reducing NO production and TNF-a level through downregulation of the COX-2 protein. This effect is probably mediated through interaction of C. carbonica with the phenylalanine

关键词： Inflammation Calcarea carbonica Cyclooxygenase-2 Nitric oxide Tumor necrosis factor-a Anti-inflammatory

Maintaining the artemisinin content through direct and indirect in vitro regeneration and their assessment of variations with the field grown mother plants of Artemisia annua L.

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Natural Products and Bioprospecting 2012年第5期2卷 194-199页

作者： shilpi PAUL madan M GUPTA suman P s.k.ANUJA Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants(CsIR) LucknowIndia

An efficient protocol for maintaining the artemisinin content in tissue culture and high frequency of in vitro direct and indirect regenerations of multiple shoots of high artemisinin yielding genotypes of Artemisia annua has been developed and their comparison with field grown mother plant has been carried *** eleven elite genotypes(containing more than 1%artemisinin)were tested on seven different modified media *** half Ms(Murashige and skoog’s)media containing 100 mg L^(-1) myo-inositol,0.5 g L^(-1) casine hydrolysate,5 mg L^(-1) biotin,2 mL L^(-1) RT(Revised Tobacco)vitamin stock,0.5 mg L^(-1) BAP and 0.01 mg L^(-1) NAA showed best regeneration while,above modified Ms medium containing 0.2 mg L^(-1) BAP and 0.2 mg L^(-1) NAA showed maximum shoot multiplication with maintained artemisinin *** on the chemical profiles of both the systems,minor difference was observed in their artemisinin content.A large scale culture of these plants maintained the normal growth index along with the artemisinin content and could be a better alternative to maintain the high artemisinin yielding genotypes with their genetic constraint in specific media combinations and also used as base material for further genetic improvement.

关键词： direct and indirect regeneration Artemisia annua artemisinin BAP NAA

Development and in-vitro evaluation of an optimized carvedilol transdermal therapeutic system using experimental design approach

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Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical sciences 2013年第1期8卷 28-38页

作者： Namrata Vora s.Lin P.L.madan College of Pharmacy and Health sciences St.John’s UniversityQueensNY 11439USA

The effect of formulation variables on in-vitro release and permeation properties of carvedilol from transdermal patch was studied by varying one factor at a time as preliminary *** on these results,design of experiments technique was applied followed by regression analysis and response surface methodology to optimize formulation *** Composite IV model design was used with four formulation variables:drug loading,matrix thickness,adhesive layer thickness,and propylene glycol *** formulations were prepared according to the design;and the effect of formulation variables was studied on in-vitro release and permeation profiles of these *** all cases,the permeation profiles paralleled in-vitro release *** drug released at 7 h and 24 h was used as release response parameters while permeation flux obtained was employed as permeation response *** four formulation variables were found to be significant for release properties and three of these exhibited significant effect on permeation profile of carvedilol across artificial *** optimization,using 47.9%of cumulative carvedilol released at 7 h and 99.8%at 24 h as well as 25.7 mg/cm2/h of permeation flux,was applied to obtain desired release and permeation ***,carvedilol was observed to release from the optimized formulation with 51.4%drug release at 7 h and 98.5%at 24 h with an observed flux value of 27.4 mg/cm2/h across artificial membrane,which showed an excellent agreement with the predicted *** results of this investigation show that the quadratic mathematical model developed could be used to further predict formulations with desirable release and permeation properties.

关键词： Transdermal Carvedilol Controlled release Experimental design approach

socio-economic and Environmental Implications of the Hydroelectric Projects in Uttarakhand Himalaya, India

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Journal of Mountain science 2007年第4期4卷 344-353页

作者： Naresh Rana s. P. sati Y.P. sundriyal madan Mohan Doval Navin Juyal Department of Geology HNB Garhwal University Srinagar Garhwal Uttarakhand India sBMA Anjanisain Tehri Uttarakhand India Physical Research Laboratory Navrangpura Ahmedabad India

This paper deals with de the fiasco created by the Tehri Uttarakhand, India, particularly resettlement and rehabilitation tailed analysis of High Dam in in terms of of the local inhabitants. Aspects pertaining to the environmental issues are also discussed. Currently, the river valleys in Uttarakhand state of India are the targets of increasing hydroelectric projects. Virtually all rivers are being exploited for generating environmental friendly power. Having being learned the hard lesson from Tehri Dam, it has been decided to opt for such schemes in which comparatively little submergence hnd tempering with the fragile eco-systems is involved However, our observations suggest that even in such schemes if due care is not taken they may turn out to be a failure.

关键词： Hydroelectric project deforestation Enviromental Impact Assessment Himalaya Tehri Dam India

Effect of process and formulation variables on the preparation of parenteral paclitaxel-loaded biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles:A co-surfactant study

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Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical sciences 2016年第3期11卷 404-416页

作者： Navneet sharma Parshotam madan senshang Lin College of Pharmacy and Health sciences St. John's University

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of process(homogenization speed and evaporation time) and formulation(aqueous/organic phase ratio, surfactant concentration, polymer type and concentration, and drug amount) variables on the preparation of paclitaxel-loaded biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles using modified solvent evaporation technique. Thereafter, a formulation was selected and subjected to evaluation of inclusion of a co-surfactant for further reduction of particle size. Particle size, encapsulation efficiency and in-vitro drug release kinetics were evaluated. It was observed that the inclusion of vitamin E TPGs(0.01%), Poloxamer 188(0.5%) or Tween 80(0.25%) reduced the particle size of nanoparticles to 230, 244 or 301 nm from 438 nm, respectively. Encapsulation efficiency increased for both vitamin E TPGs and Poloxamer 188 up to concentration at 0.010%and 0.25%, respectively, while this was not the case for Tween 80. Comparison of drug release kinetics demonstrated that drug release accelerated from paclitaxel-loaded biodegradable nanoparticles prepared with the inclusion of Tween 80 but was delayed for Poloxamer 188 and vitamin E TPGs. Thus, it was concluded that the particle size of the nanoparticles could be reduced further and the paclitaxel release kinetics could easily be adjusted by taking advantage by the inclusion of a co-surfactant.

关键词： Biodegradable Co-surfactant Nanoparticles Paclitaxel solvent evaporation

Effect of ionization of drug on drug solubilization in sMEDDs prepared using Capmul MCM and caprylic acid

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Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical sciences 2017年第1期12卷 73-82页

作者： suhua Li Parshotam madan senshang Lin school of Pharmacy Fairleigh Dickinson UniversityFlorham ParkNJ 07932USA College of Pharmacy and Health sciences St.John’s UniversityQueensNYUSA

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of ionization of drug on drug solubilization in sMEDDs(self-microemulsifying drug delivery system) prepared using Capmul MCM and caprylic acid. solubilization capacity of blank sMEDDs dispersions for danazol,indomethacin and haloperidol as model drugs was determined. Based on the outcomes of solubilization capacity study, drug-loaded sMEDDs formulations were prepared and subjected to dispersion/precipitation study and droplet size analysis. Blank sMEDDs dispersions exhibited the highest solubilization capacity for haloperidol followed by indomethacin and danazol. Furthermore, the solubilization of the three drugs in blank sMEDDs dispersions was explained by a modified mathematical model. Dispersion/precipitation studies indicate that drug-loaded sMEDDs formulations exhibited superiority in solubilizing the drugs in comparison to their respective drug powder. In addition, indomethacin and haloperidol were found to reduce the droplet size of the microemulsions while danazol did not affect droplet size formation for drug-loaded sMEDDs formulations. These findings suggest that ionization of drug affects drug solubilization, droplet size formation, drug loading and drug dispersion/precipitation profiles for the sMEDDs formulations.

关键词： sMEDDs Capmul MCM Caprylic acid Ionization Indomethacin Haloperidol

stability Analysis of an Underactuated Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Using Extended-Routh's stability Method

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International Journal of Automation and computing 2018年第3期15卷 299-309页

作者： Basant kumar sahu Bidyadhar subudhi madan Mohan Gupta Department of Electrical Engineering National Institute of Science and TechnologyBerhampur Department of Electrical Engineering National Institute of TechnologyRourkela Intelligent systems Research Laboratory College of Engineering University of Saskatchewan

In this paper, a new approach to stability analysis of nonlinear dynamics of an underactuated autonomous underwater vehicle（AUV） is presented. AUV is a highly nonlinear robotic system whose dynamic model includes coupled terms due to the hydrodynamic damping factors. It is difficult to analyze the stability of a nonlinear dynamical system through Routh＇s stability approach because it contains nonlinear dynamic parameters owing to hydrodynamic damping coefficients. It is also difficult to analyze the stability of AUVs using Lyapunov＇s criterion and Lasalle＇s invariance principle. In this paper, we proposed the extended-Routh＇s stability approach to verify the stability of such nonlinear dynamic systems. This extended-Routh＇s stability approach is much easier as compared to the other existing methods. Numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed stability verification of the nonlinear dynamic systems, e.g., an AUV system dynamics.

关键词： Routh's stability extended-Routh's stability autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) underactuated system underwaterrobots.