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First episode psychosis with extrapyramidal signs prior to antipsychotic drug treatment

Chinese Science Bulletin 2011年第32期56卷 3361-3371页

作者： HONER william g LANg Donna J KOPALA Lili C macewan g william SMITH geoffrey N CHEN Eric Y H CHAN Raymond C K Department of Psychiatry University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada Department of Radiology University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada Department of Psychiatry Dalhousie University Halifax NS Canada Department of Psychiatry University of Hong Kong Key Laboratory of Mental Health Institute of Psychology Chinese Academy of Sciences

Extrapyramidal movement disorders are common in chronic schizophrenia, and may be an intrinsic feature of the illness as well as related to antipsychotic drug treatment. Similar dysfunctions at illness onset may have implications for outcome, and for under- standing the mechanisms of illness. The objectives were to examine the clinical correlates of pre-treatment movement disorders at first episode of psychosis, and determine associations with neuropsychological function and striatal structure. Never medicated subjects were recruited from consecutive admissions to Early Psychosis Programs with defined catchment areas in Hong Kong, China, and Halifax, Canada. Standardized clinical, neuropsychological and brain imaging assessments were carried out at baseline and following acute and long term treatment with typical or atypical antipsychotic drugs. At the Hong Kong site, we studied 84 subjects with first episode psychosis (n = 10 with EPS). At the Halifax site, we studied 40 subjects with first episode psychosis (n = 17 with EPS), and 23 healthy comparison subjects. Subjects with movement disorders prior to treatment (EPS+) had higher total PANSS scores at baseline (mean elevation 19.9% Hong Kong, P = 0.016; 14.7% Halifax, P = 0.049). In subjects treated with atypical antipsychotics (all Halifax), EPS+ status at baseline predicted more movement disorders at long term follow up (P = 0.0005). In both cohorts, EPS+ subjects had poorer acute symptomatic treatment response assessed with the PANSS (Hong Kong P = 0.005; Halifax P = 0.017). Neuropsychological impairment related to executive dysfunction appeared greater in a small sam- ple of EPS+ subjects (Hong Kong, effect size 0.26-0.27, P ger in EPS+ compared with EPS-subjects (Halifax P = 0.042), and correlations between striatal volumes and age were different in the EPS+ group. In conclu- sion, pre-treatment EPS is present in a substantial minority of subjects with first episode psych

关键词：药物治疗精神病体外症状运动障碍每股收益神经功能精神分裂症

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An Analytical Solution for Backscatter Tomography

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2010年第1期15卷 62-67页

作者： william g Hawkins College of Optical Sciences University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA

We utilize the Novikov-Natterer algorithm for non-uniform attenuation to invert the backscatter projections formed by the scatter of X-rays. The backscatter signal is treated as an emitter in a non-uniformly attenuating medium. This type of tomography has applications in radiology and dentistry for which metals effectively block the transmission of X-rays. Scanning for metals also has applications in security/baggage screening. The results show that when the forward scattering angle is zero, the algorithm, with a redefinition of the density function f, reduces to the PET attenuation correction.

关键词： non-uniform attenuation backscatter tomography dental tomography implant imaging baggage screening

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Understanding axon guidance: attraction, repulsion, and statistical physics

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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第2期10卷 176-179页

作者： william g.Wadsworth Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Understanding axon guidance is important for developing therapies to restore neuronal connections damaged by injury or disease. Axons migrate in response to extraceUular guidance molecules that induce or inhibit axon outgrowth activity within the axon. The direction of guidance is determined by the attractive and repulsive responses that the axon has to the guidance cues. In a deterministic model of guidance, the direction of guidance can be precisely determined if the attractive and repulsive effect that each cue has on the axon is known. But what if there are numerous attractive and repulsive responses induced by multiple guidance cues, and the direction of the attractive and repulsive events fluctuates？ If the effect that each attractive and repulsive event has on guidance becomes too complex to measure then understand- ing how each molecular cue influences the guidance decision becomes impossible.

关键词： and statistical physics Understanding axon guidance UNC

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Whole-mine subsidence over tabular deposits and related seismicity

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2017年第1期27卷 171-177页

作者： Pariseau william g. McCarterr Michael K. Department of Mining Engineering University of UtahSalt Lake CityUTUSA

The challenge of estimating mine-wide subsidence and linkages to seismicity over tabular deposits is addressed by a special finite element technique(dual node–dual mesh). Subsidence and mine-induced seismicity begins near the face when caving occurs and propagates to the surface as extraction reaches a critical extent. Thus, the challenge is to obtain details at the face at the meter scale and also at the surface over the whole mine at the kilometer scale. Interactions between old and new sections of a mine are automatically taken into account with this technique. The finite element method is well established technology based on fundamentals of physical laws, kinematics and material laws. With this technique, no empirical ‘‘scaling" or fitting computer output by input data ‘‘adjustment" to mine measurements is necessary. Capability is demonstrated for doing practical whole-mine subsidence analysis from first principles. Mine-induced seismicity is shown to correlate well with face advance and element failure.

关键词： Whole mine subsidence Multi-scale Finite element analysis Mine induced seismicity

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Reproductive biology of an old endemic murid rodent of Australia, the Spinifex hopping mouse, Notomys alexis:adaptations for life in the arid zone

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Integrative Zoology 2011年第4期6卷 321-333页

作者： william g.BREED Chris M.LEIgH Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology University of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia

The Spinifex hopping mouse(Notomys alexis Thomas,1922)is an arid adapted Australo–Papuan old endemic rodent that undergoes boom and bust population *** this communication,we review our findings on the timing of reproduction and the potential reproductive rate of this *** investigate the first question,the reproductive condition of adult females,and occurrence of immatures,in a population on a cattle station in central Australia was determined and,for the second,data from a laboratory colony compared to those previously published on closely related species in other *** findings show that,at least in the population at the times that monitoring was performed,reproductive activity was only taking place in spring and early summer,whereas the laboratory study indicates that females have a similar gestation length and litter size to those of most close relatives occurring in other *** have extremely small testes and store relatively few *** findings suggest that Notomys alexis might show some seasonality of reproduction at least in this region of central Australia and that this species does not have a higher reproductive rate than that of related species in other,more predictable,environments.

关键词： arid environment hopping mouse reproduction

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Differentially expressed genes identified by cross-species microarray in the blind cavefish Astyanax

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Integrative Zoology 2009年第1期4卷 99-109页

作者： Allen g.STRICKLER william R.JEFFERY Department of Biology University of MarylandCollege ParkUSA

Changes in gene expression were examined by microarray analysis during development of the eyed surface dwelling(surface fish)and blind cave-dwelling(cavefish)forms of the teleost Astyanax mexicanus De Filippi,*** cross-species microarray used surface and cavefish RNA hybridized to a DNA chip prepared from a closely related species,the zebrafish Danio rerio Hamilton,*** identified a total of 67 differentially ex-pressed probe sets at three days post-fertilization:six upregulated and 61 downregulated in cavefish relative to surface *** of these genes function either in eye development and/or maintenance,or in programmed cell *** upregulated probe set showing the highest mean fold change was similar to the human ubiquitin specific protease 53 *** downregulated probe sets showing some of the highest fold changes corresponded to genes with roles in eye development,including those encoding gamma crystallins,the guanine nucleotide binding pro-teins gnat1 and gant2,a BarH-like homeodomain transcription factor,and *** of gam-ma-crystallin and rhodopsin was confirmed by in situ hybridization and immunostaining with specific *** downregulated genes encode molecules that inhibit or activate programmed cell *** results suggest that cross-species microarray can be used for identifying differentially expressed genes in cavefish,that many of these genes might be involved in eye degeneration via apoptotic processes,and that more genes are downregulated than upregulated in cavefish,consistent with the predominance of morphological losses over gains during regressive evolution.

关键词： apoptosis blind cavefish cross-species microarray differentially expressed genes eye development.

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Adipose tissue lipolysis and remodeling during the transition period of dairy cows

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2017年第4期8卷 787-798页

作者： g.Andres Contreras Clarissa Strieder-Barboza william Raphael Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary MedicineMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA

Elevated concentrations of plasma fatty acids in transition dairy cows are significantly associated with increased disease susceptibility and poor lactation performance. The main source of plasma fatty acids throughout the transition period is lipolysis from adipose tissue depots. During this time, plasma fatty acids serve as a source of calories mitigating the negative energy balance prompted by copious milk synthesis and limited dry matter *** research has demonstrated that lipolysis in the adipose organ is a complex process that includes not only the activation of lipolytic pathways in response to neural, hormonal, or paracrine stimuli, but also important changes in the structure and cellular distribution of the tissue in a process known as adipose tissue remodeling. This process involves an inflammatory response with immune cell migration, proliferation of the cellular components of the stromal vascular fraction, and changes in the extracellular matrix. This review summarizes current knowledge on lipolysis in dairy cattle, expands on the new field of adipose tissue remodeling, and discusses how these biological processes affect transition cow health and productivity.

关键词： Adipose tissue macrophages Adipose tissue remodeling Lipolysis Transition dairy cows

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Epidemiology of civilian blast injuries inflicted by terrorist bombings from 1970-2016

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2018年第5期14卷 469-476页

作者： Danyal Magnus Mansoor A.Khan william g.Proud Institute of Shock Physics Blackett Laboratory Imperial College London Department of Surgery and Trauma Imperial College London St Mary's Hospital

An upsurge of terrorist activity has occurred in the past two decades. As part of this, explosive devices continue to be extensively deployed against civilians in wide-ranging environments. Bombings remain the leading worldwide cause of civilian fatalities due to terrorism. This demands an understanding of modern terrorist bombing trends to inform mitigation strategy. The objective of this study was to identify the occurrence and severity of bombings against civilian targets in diverse attack settings, and to establish corresponding blast injury profiles. Data was obtained from analysis of the global Terrorism Database(gTD) and a meta-analysis of blast injury data derived from the PubMed database. Closed environment explosions were associated with significantly greater(pg, with higher rates of primary injury on trains and buses, and secondary injury in open space.

关键词： Terrorism Bombings Blast injury Epidemiology Blast mitigation

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Assessment of mercury(II) bioavailability using a bioluminescent bacterial biosensor: Practical and theoretical challenges

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第8期22卷 1137-1143页

作者： Paulo R g Barrocas william M Landing Robert J M Hudson Department of Sanitation and Environmental Health National School of Public Health Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Department of Oceanography Florida State University. Tallahassee Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois

Critical methodological challenges in the microbial biosensor approach to assessing Hg（II） bioavailability were evaluated from the perspective of analytical chemists. The main challenge stems from the fact that the chemical speciation of Hg（II） in natural waters exerts a major control on its bioavailability, yet its natural complexation equilibria are extensively altered during conventional bioassays. New data, obtained using a bioluminescent Hg（II）-biosensor, that illustrate these challenges are presented and potential solutions proposed.

关键词： mercury bioavailability biosensor chemical speciation bioluminescent

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Statistical techniques in business & economics / Douglas A. Lind, william g. Marchal, Samuel A. Wathen. 12th ed.

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丛书名： Mcgraw-Hill/Irwin series. Operations and decision sciences.

2005年

作者： Douglas A. Lind william g. Marchal Samuel A. Wathen.

Student CD-ROM includes tutorials, quizzes, solved problems, data sets, and data files.

ISBN: (数字)0072868244

ISBN: (纸本)0072868252

Student CD-ROM includes tutorials, quizzes, solved problems, data sets, and data files.

关键词： Social sciences

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