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Comparison of Seven Kinetic Equations for K Release and Application of Kinetic Parameters

Pedosphere 2007年第1期17卷 124-129页

作者： Lü Xiao-Nan XU Jian-Ming ma wan-zhu LU Yun-Fu Institute of Soils and Fertilizers Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hangzhou 310021 （China） College of Environmental Sciences and Resources Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 （China）

Corn field experiments with two treatments, NP and NPK, where N in the form of urea, P in the form of calcium phosphate, and K in the form of KCl were applied at rates of 187.5, 33.3, and 125 kg ha^-1, respectively, on soils derived from Quaternary red clay were conducted in the hilly red soil region of Zhejiang Province, China. Plant grains and stalks were collected for determination of K content. Seven equations were used to describe the kinetics of K release from surface soil samples taken before the corn experiments under electric field strengths of 44.4 and 88.8 V cm^-1 by means of electro-ultrafiltration （EUF） and to determine if their parameters had a practical application. The second-order and Elovich equations excellently described K release; the first-order, power function, and parabolic diffusion equations also described K release well; but the zero-order and exponential equations were not so good at reflecting K release. Five reference standards from the field experiments, including relative grain yield （yield of the NP treatment/yield of the NPK treatment）, relative dry matter yield （dry matter of the NP treatment/dry matter of the NPK treatment）, quantity of K uptake in the NP treatment （no K application）, soil exchangeable K, and soil HNO3-soluble K, were used to test the effectiveness of equation parameters obtained from the slope or intercept of these equations. Correlations of the ymax （the maximum desorbable quantity of K） in the second-order equation and the constant b in the first-order and Elovich equations to all five reference standards were highly significant （P ≤ 0.01）. The constant a in the power function equation was highly significant （P 〈 0.01） for four of the five reference standards with the fifth being significant （P ≤ 0.05）. The constant b in the parabolic equation was also significantly correlated （P ≤ 0.05） to the relative grain yield and soil HNO3-soluble K. These suggested that all of these parameters could be used to estimate t

关键词： corn K release kinetic equation kinetic parameters

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Structural and microwave absorption properties of CoFe_(2)O_(4)/residual carbon composites

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and materials 2025年第1期32卷 221-232页

作者： Yuanchun Zhang Shengtao Gao Xingzhao Zhang Dacheng ma Chuanlei zhu Jun He Joint National-Local Engineering Research Centre for Safe and Precise Coal Mining Anhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainan 232001China School of Chemical and Blasting Engineering Anhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainan 232001China

Electromagnetic interference,which necessitates the rapid advancement of substances with exceptional capabilities for bsorbing electromagnetic waves,is of urgent concern in contemporary *** this work,CoFe_(2)O_(4)/residual carbon from coal gasification fine slag(CFO/RC)composites were created using a novel hydrothermal *** mechanisms for microwave absorption,including conductive loss,natural resonance,interfacial dipole polarization,and magnetic flux loss,are involved in these ***,compared with pure residual carbon materials,this composite offers superior capabilities in microwave *** 7.76GHz,the CFO/RC-2 composite achieves an impressive minimum reflection loss(RL_(min))of-43.99 dB with a thickness of 2.44 ***,CFO/RC-3 demonstrates an effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)of up to 4.16 GHz,accompanied by a thickness of *** study revealed the remarkable capability of the composite to diminish electromagnetic waves,providing a new generation method for microwave absorbing materials of superior quality.

关键词： coal gasification slag residual carbon hydrothermal method microwave absorption CoFe_(2)O_(4)

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Nitrogen addition promotes soil carbon accumulation globally

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Science China Life Sciences 2025年第1期68卷 284-293页

作者： Xuemei Yang Suhui ma Erhan Huang Danhua Zhang Guoping Chen Jiangling zhu Chengjun Ji Biao zhu Lingli Liu Jingyun Fang Institute of Ecology College of Urban and Environmental Sciencesand Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of EducationPeking University Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Transboundary Ecosecurity of Southwest China School of Ecology and Environmental ScienceYunnan University State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences

Soil is the largest carbon(C) reservoir in terrestrial ecosystems and plays a crucial role in regulating the global C cycle and climate *** nitrogen(N) deposition has been widely considered as a critical factor affecting soil organic carbon(SOC) storage, but its effect on SOC components with different stability remains unclear. Here, we analyzed extensive empirical data from 304 sites worldwide to investigate how SOC and its components respond to N addition. Our analysis showed that N addition led to a significant increase in bulk SOC(6.7%), with greater increases in croplands(10.6%) and forests(6.0%) compared to grasslands(2.1%). Regarding SOC components, N addition promoted the accumulation of plant-derived C(9.7%–28.5%) over microbial-derived C(0.2%), as well as labile(5.7%) over recalcitrant components(–1.2%), resulting in a shift towards increased accumulation of plant-derived labile C. Consistently, N addition led to a greater increase in particulate organic C(11.9%) than mineral-associated organic C(3.6%), suggesting that N addition promotes C accumulation across all pools, with more increase in unstable than stable pools. The responses of SOC and its components were best predicted by the N addition rate and net primary productivity. Overall, our findings suggest that N enrichment could promote the accumulation of plant-derived and non-mineral associated C and a subsequent decrease in the overall stability of soil C pool, which underscores the importance of considering the effects of N enrichment on SOC components for a better understanding of C dynamics in soils.

关键词： meta-analysis nitrogen enrichment soil organic carbon carbon accumulation carbon stability

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Near-perfect replication on amorphous alloys through active force modulation based on machine learning/neural network parameter prediction

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第1期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 181-191页

作者： Senkuan Meng Zheng wang Ruisong zhu Ruijie Liu Jiang ma Lina Hu Weihua wang Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of materials (Ministry of Education) School of Materials Science and Engineering Shandong University College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering Shenzhen University Songshan Lake materials Laboratory Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences

As a microforming technique, micro/nano-structural replication possesses advantages of high precision and efficiency. With the remarkable superplasticity in the supercooled liquid region, amorphous alloys or metallic glasses(MGs) are regarded as ideal materials for miniature fabrication. However, due to the intrinsic metastable nature of supercooled liquids, the design of imprinting processes for MGs poses a challenge. In the past, process parameters have largely relied on trial-and-error *** this work, a low-frequency active force modulation system is employed to apply a stable, precise, and real-time feedback stress field for imprinting of MG samples. Low-frequency vibrations can facilitate the filling of microstructures on the template surface by reducing the effective viscosity of the supercooled liquid. With the dataset composed of orthogonal experiments, a machine learning strategy based on back-propagation(BP) neural networks was utilized to construct a 3D parameter space for temperature, stress, and time, and to predict the corresponding filling ratio. Furthermore, the optimal combination of imprinting process parameters was identified, and its filling ratio was experimentally validated to reach as high as 0.94. The near-perfect replication of microstructures confirms the superiority of the active force modulation system and the data-driven strategy of machine learning-assisted parameter design. At the same time, this one-step microforming process provides a new approach to addressing the accuracy-cost trade-off dilemma in precision manufacturing.

关键词： metallic glass amorphous alloy microforming imprinting machine learning

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Optimizing electronic structure through point defect engineering for enhanced electrocatalytic energy conversion

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Green Energy & Environment 2025年第1期10卷 109-131页

作者： Wei ma Jiahao Yao Fang Xie Xinqi wang Hao wan Xiangjian Shen Lili Zhang Menggai Jiao Zhen Zhou Interdisciplinary Research Center for Sustainable Energy Science and Engineering(IRC4SE2) School of Chemical EngineeringZhengzhou UniversityHenan450001China

Point defect engineering endows catalysts with novel physical and chemical properties,elevating their electrocatalytic *** introduction of defects emerges as a promising strategy,effectively modifying the electronic structure of active *** optimization influences the adsorption energy of intermediates,thereby mitigating reaction energy barriers,altering paths,enhancing selectivity,and ultimately improving the catalytic efficiency of *** elucidate the impact of defects on the electrocatalytic process,we comprehensively outline the roles of various point defects,their synthetic methodologies,and characterization ***,we consolidate insights into the relationship between point defects and catalytic activity for hydrogen/oxygen evolution and CO_(2)/O_(2)/N_(2) reduction reactions by integrating mechanisms from diverse *** underscores the pivotal role of point defects in enhancing catalytic *** last,the principal challenges and prospects associated with point defects in current electrocatalysts are proposed,emphasizing their role in advancing the efficiency of electrochemical energy storage and conversion materials.

关键词： Point defect engineering Doping Vacancy Electrocatalysis Electronic structure

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Constructing Donor–Acceptor‑Linked COFs Electrolytes to Regulate Electron Density and Accelerate the Li^(+)Migration in Quasi‑Solid‑State Battery

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第1期17卷 456-471页

作者： Genfu Zhao Hang ma Conghui Zhang Yongxin Yang Shuyuan Yu Haiye zhu Yongjiang Sun Hong Guo School of materials and Energy International Joint Research Center for Advanced Energy Materials of Yunnan ProvinceYunnan UniversityKunming 650091People’s Republic of China Yunnan Yuntianhua Co. LtdR&D CenterKunming 650228People’s Republic of China Southwest United Graduate School Kunming 650091People’s Republic of China

Regulation the electronic density of solid-state electrolyte by donor–acceptor(D–A)system can achieve highly-selective Li^(+)transportation and conduction in solid-state Li metal *** study reports a high-performance solid-state electrolyte thorough D–A-linked covalent organic frameworks(COFs)based on intramolecular charge transfer *** other reported COFbased solid-state electrolyte,the developed concept with D–A-linked COFs not only achieves electronic modulation to promote highly-selective Li^(+)migration and inhibit Li dendrite,but also offers a crucial opportunity to understand the role of electronic density in solid-state Li metal *** introduced strong electronegativity F-based ligand in COF electrolyte results in highlyselective Li^(+)(transference number 0.83),high ionic conductivity(6.7×10^(-4)S cm^(−1)),excellent cyclic ability(1000 h)in Li metal symmetric cell and high-capacity retention in Li/LiFePO_(4)cell(90.8%for 300 cycles at 5C)than substituted C-and N-based *** is ascribed to outstanding D–A interaction between donor porphyrin and acceptor F atoms,which effectively expedites electron transferring from porphyrin to F-based ligand and enhances Li^(+)***,we anticipate that this work creates insight into the strategy for accelerating Li^(+)conduction in high-performance solid-state Li metal batteries through D–A system.

关键词： Electronic modulation engineering Donor-acceptor-linked covalent organic frameworks Quasi-solid-state Li metal battery

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浙江省典型茶园生态系统中重金属流及其平衡分析

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茶叶科学 2011年第4期31卷 362-370页

作者：麻万诸章明奎浙江省农业科学院数字农业研究所浙江杭州310021 浙江大学环境与资源学院浙江省亚热带土壤与植物营养重点研究实验室浙江杭州310058

选择浙西北、浙中、浙东和浙南等4个代表性产茶县市(长兴县、兰溪市、绍兴县和龙泉市),进行了为期一年的茶叶生产过程中有机肥、化肥、大气沉降、茶叶收获物和地表径流中重金属流的定点定量分析,探讨了茶叶生态系统中重金属的年平衡值... 详细信息

选择浙西北、浙中、浙东和浙南等4个代表性产茶县市(长兴县、兰溪市、绍兴县和龙泉市),进行了为期一年的茶叶生产过程中有机肥、化肥、大气沉降、茶叶收获物和地表径流中重金属流的定点定量分析,探讨了茶叶生态系统中重金属的年平衡值及其影响因素。结果表明,茶园生态系统中重金属来源物和农产品及排水中重金属流有较大的空间变异性。在施用化肥为主的茶园中,Zn、Cu和Pb输入主要为大气沉降,其次为有机肥施用;As的输入主要为大气沉降,其次为化肥施用;化肥施用对Cd和Hg的输入有较大的影响。在施用有机肥为主的茶园中,Zn、Cu、Cd和Hg的输入主要为有机肥的施用,其次为大气沉降;Pb和As的输入主要为大气沉降,其次为有机肥施用。以地表径流流失的Zn和Cu量高于因茶叶收获带走的Zn和Cu,而Pb、Cd、Hg和As的输出主要是通过茶叶的收获。在施用化肥为主的茶园中,Zn、Cu、Pb、Cd、Hg和As的年平衡值平均分别为313.0、11.8、41.2、2.95、0.22、2.18 g/hm2;在施用有机肥为主的茶园中,Zn、Cu、Pb、Cd、Hg和As的年平衡值平均分别为849.3、303.4、66.3、2.59、0.47、7.43 g/hm2。茶园系统中重金属的年平衡值有机肥施用为主的茶园高于化肥施用为主的茶园。

关键词：茶园生态系统重金属元素土壤平衡值输入输出

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New insight into the origin and evolution of the flora and fauna of Hainan Island, China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2025年第1期68卷 52-61页

作者： Hua zhu Center for Integrative Conservation Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Southeast Asia Biodiversity Conservation Yunnan Key Laboratory for the Conservation of Tropical Rainforests and Asian Elephants

The origin of the biota of Hainan Island, China, remains a fundamental scientific problem. Comparative studies on the biota, geological tectonics, and paleomagnetism proposed that during the Eocene, Hainan Island connected Vietnam and Guangxi, and then moved to the southeast to reach its present location. This review mainly discusses its biota origin from molecular phylogeny and palaeobotanical research. The formation and evolution of the biological groups of Hainan Island were identified via research on their genomes, phylogeny, and molecular biogeography. This research showed that the genera and species that appeared and diverged early in their evolution(i.e., before the Miocene) can be explained by the land connection between Hainan Island, Vietnam, and Guangxi during the Eocene-Oligocene. According to Southeast Asian tectonic theory, in the Middle Miocene(at about 15 million years ago), Hainan Island had moved to its present position. The population and genetic divergence of species with late divergence times(after 15 ma) can be reasonably explained by the close proximity(or land connection) between Hainan Island and the Leizhou Peninsula, enabling genetic communication between Hainan Island and the Chinese mainland, but have exceptional cases. Conclusions have been obtained through palaeobotanical studies, showing that in the Eocene-Oligocene period, southwest China and Hainan Island had subtropical vegetation and flora. However, the fossil group in southeast China(in maoming, near present-day Hainan Island) in the Late Eocene indicated a tropical rainforest vegetation and flora. This suggests that in the Paleogene, Hainan Island may have been located near or on the southwest border of Guangxi and northern Vietnam, rather than in its present location. The floristic division of the flora of Hainan Island basically presents a northeast-southwest inclined distribution pattern. This pattern can be explained by the counterclockwise rotation of Hainan Island during i

关键词： Molecular phylogeny Biogeography Paleobotany Origin of flora and fauna Hainan Island of China

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浙西南丘陵山地变质岩发育土壤的成土特征

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土壤通报 2020年第5期51卷 1009-1015页

作者：邱志腾麻万诸章明奎浙江大学环境与资源学院浙江杭州310058 浙江农业科学院数字农业研究所浙江杭州310021

浙江省江山-绍兴大断裂线东侧的丘陵山地广泛分布着变质岩发育的红色土壤,有关这类土壤的分类地位存在争议。为深入了解这类土壤的成土特点,在浙西南衢州市和丽水市观察了23个不同海拔高度的代表性土壤剖面,按海拔分为3个高度区(即200~5... 详细信息

浙江省江山-绍兴大断裂线东侧的丘陵山地广泛分布着变质岩发育的红色土壤,有关这类土壤的分类地位存在争议。为深入了解这类土壤的成土特点,在浙西南衢州市和丽水市观察了23个不同海拔高度的代表性土壤剖面,按海拔分为3个高度区(即200~500 m、500~900 m和900~1100 m),从土壤物理、化学和矿物学等方面分析了其发生学特征及随海拔高度的垂直变化规律,探讨了它们在中国土壤系统分类中的地位。结果表明,该类土壤具有土体深厚、疏松,富铁化、赤铁矿化和高岭化明显,土壤透水性良好、粉黏比和盐基饱和度较低等特点。随着海拔高度的增加,其土体厚度、红色率、高岭石含量、黏粒硅铝率逐渐下降,而黏粒CEC逐渐增加。分析认为,变质岩易风化、其风化物疏松、高铁是形成这一特性的主要原因;其风化物疏松、低有机质、通气良好,有利于赤铁矿形成和盐基的淋失。依据中国土壤系统分类的诊断标准划分的土壤类型可很好地体现研究区土壤的变化规律,低海拔主要为富铁土,高海拔主要为雏形土。

关键词：变质岩成土特点红色率土壤类型垂直分布

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Molecule‑Level Multiscale Design of Nonflammable Gel Polymer Electrolyte to Build Stable SEI/CEI for Lithium Metal Battery

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第1期17卷 404-423页

作者： Qiqi Sun Zelong Gong Tao Zhang Jiafeng Li Xianli zhu Ruixiao zhu Lingxu wang Leyuan ma Xuehui Li Miaofa Yuan Zhiwei Zhang Luyuan Zhang Zhao Qian Longwei Yin Rajeev Ahuja Chengxiang wang Key Laboratory for Liquid‑Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of materials(Ministry of Education) School of Materials Science and EngineeringShandong UniversityJinan 250061People’s Republic of China Condensed matter Theory Department of Physics and AstronomyUppsala UniversityUppsala 75120Sweden

The risk of flammability is an unavoidable issue for gel polymer electrolytes(GPEs).Usually,flameretardant solvents are necessary to be used,but most of them would react with anode/cathode easily and cause serious interfacial instability,which is a big challenge for design and application of nonflammable ***,a nonflammable GPE(SGPE)is developed by in situ polymerizing trifluoroethyl methacrylate(TFma)monomers with flame-retardant triethyl phosphate(TEP)solvents and LiTFSI–LiDFOB dual lithium *** is strongly anchored to PTFma matrix via polarity interaction between-P=O and-CH_(2)CF_(3).It reduces free TEP molecules,which obviously mitigates interfacial reactions,and enhances flame-retardant performance of TEP *** TEP molecules are also inhibited in solvation of Li^(+),leading to anion-dominated solvation sheath,which creates inorganic-rich solid electrolyte interface/cathode electrolyte interface *** coordination structure changes Li^(+)transport from sluggish vehicular to fast structural transport,raising ionic conductivity to 1.03 mS cm^(-1) and transfer number to 0.41 at 30℃.The Li|SGPE|Li cell presents highly reversible Li stripping/plating performance for over 1000 h at 0.1 ma cm^(−2),and 4.2 V LiCoO_(2)|SGPE|Li battery delivers high average specific capacity>120 mah g^(−1) over 200 *** study paves a new way to make nonflammable GPE that is compatible with Li metal anode.

关键词： Anchoring effect Nonflammable gel electrolyte In situ cross-linked Electrode-electrolyte interface Li metal battery

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