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Numerical simulations of the bi-level and branched structure of intracloud lightning flashes

science china earth sciences 2006年第6期49卷 661-672页

作者： TAN Yongbo1, tao shanchang1, zhu baoyou1, ma ming2 & lU weitao2 1. school of earth and space sciences, university of science and technology of china, hefei 2.002., china 2. Chinese Academy of Meteorological sciences, Beijing 100081, china 1. school of earth and space sciences University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China 2. Chinese Academy of Meteorological sciences Beijing 100081 China

Intracloud (IC) lightning flashes have been simulated in fine resolution (12.5 m) by using a bidirectional stochastic lightning parameterization scheme within 2-dimensional domain. The simu-lated results show that the IC flashes have a bilevel channel structure and the altitudes of the hori-zontal channels are at the same heights of potential wells, which are supported by the previous VHF source observations and balloon soundings of electric field profile in the thundercloud. Further con-clusions are: (1) After an IC flash is initiated near the boundary between positve and nagetive charge zone, the negative (or positive) leader tends to propagate into the positive (or negative) charge zone. Both types of positive and negative IC flashes have been reproduced and their polarity depends on the up and down disposition of the positive and negative charge regions. (2) The extension range of leaders is correlative with the cloud charge distribution. The leader is possible to extend through the inverted charge region all over where it is extending, but keeps away from the isolated charge area of the same polarity. (3) The channel structures also depend on the electric potential distributions in the thundercloud. Before propagating into the central area of potential wells, the leader tends to extend along the direction with the maximum of potential gradient. Once extending away from the center of potential wells, the leader tends to extend along the direction with the slowest potential change. (4) The IC flash channels have the fractal feature with fractal dimension 1.45 before leaders pass through the central area of charge regions. The exponent decreases rapidly once leaders extend into the low-density charge regions. (5) The induced charges of opposite polarity are deposited in the leader channels within preexisting positive and negative charge regions during IC flash discharges. This causes a new and complicated charge distribution in the thundercloud, and the potential

关键词： IC, lightning parameterization, branched bilevel structure, fractal feature, propagation tendency.

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Climatological distribution of lightning density observed by satellites in china and its circumjacent regions

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science china earth sciences 2005年第2期48卷 219-229页

作者： ma ming tao shanchang zhu baoyou lu weitao school of earth and space sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China School of Earth and Space SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China School of Earth and Space SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China School of Earth and Space SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China

The 0.5°× 0.5° grid resolution distribution of lightning density in china and its circumjacent regions have been analyzed by using the satellite-borne OTD (Apr 1995-mar 2000) and lIS (Dec 1997-mar 2003) databases. It is shown that: (i) Firstly, the variability of the lightning density (lD) is particularly pronounced over the different subareas, 9 times greater over the south than the north side of Himalayas Mountains, 2.5 times greater over the eastern than the western area of china. While the maximum and minimum lD are respectively 31.4fl/km2/a (in Guangzhou region) and less than 0.2fl/km2/a (in the desert of western china). Secondly, the lD of china's continent regularly varies with latitude and distance off coast, which is consistent with annual mean precipitation in varying trend. In conclusion, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the china's three-step staircase topography and the latitude are three important factors affecting macro-scale characteristics of the lD distribution, (ii) The regional differences in lD distribution are closely related to the mesoscale orographic forcing. In the eastern humid regions of china, the high lD belts often appear along the mesoscale mountains (with south-north or northeast-southwest direction, 500-1500 m ASl) and hills, while the low lD belts often appear on the plain and basin (valley) between the mountains. But in the western cold and arid regions of china, the relatively high lD belts mostly appear on the Qinghai lake area of the southern side of Qilian Mountain, Yili River valley, the basin between Tanggula Mountains and Nyainqentanglha. On the coastal land, the high lD centers appear in regions where mountain and hill and large cities are located. This seems to be related to the interaction between the sea-land breeze and mountain-valley wind or city heat island effect, (iii) The china Sea is one of the relatively high lD zones on global oceans. It is very interesting that a high lD belt is located along the Kuroshio area. It i

关键词： OTD/lIS, distribution of lightning density, orographic forcing, coastal land, Kuroshio.

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The anomalous variation of the lightning activity in southern china during the 1997/98 El Nio event

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science china earth sciences 2005年第9期 211-221页

作者： ma ming, tao shanchang, zhu baoyou & lü weitao school of earth and space sciences, university of science and technology of china, hefei 2.002., china

This paper presents the EOF analysis results of the lightning density (lD) anomalies for the different seasons in southeastern china and Indochina Peninsula by using the OTD/lIS database (June 1995 to Feb. 2003) of the global lD with 2.5°×2.5° resolution offered by Global Hydrology Resource Center. It is shown that the lD positive anomalies in the region occurred at the same time of NINO3 SSTA steep increase in the spring of 1997 and remained to be a higher level till the next spring, as well the corresponding anomaly percent maximum in different sea- sons was 89%, 30%, 45%, 498% and 55% successively from the beginning to the end of the 1997/98 El Ni?o event (ENSO). The centre of the lD positive anomalies for the spring or winter season is located at southeastern china and the adjacent coastal areas, but it for the summer or autumn season is located at the southern Indochina Peninsula and Gulf of Thailand, whose po- sition for each season in the ENSO as contrasted with the normal years has a westward shift, and especially for winter or spring season a northward shift at the same time. In addition, an analysis of the interannual variations in the lD anomaly percent, convective precipitation and H-CAPE days in southern china shows that each among the three anomaly percents is correla- tive with the other for the positive anomaly zone and Kuroshio area. The relative variation of lD during the El Ni?o period is the highest among the three rates and is larger than that during the non-El Ni?o period, meaning that the response of lightning activities to the ENSO is the most sensitive in both areas. But the response of lightning activities and precipitation to the ENSO appears to be more complex and diversified either in Kuroshio area or in the Qinghai-Tibet Pla- teau and northwestern and northeastern china.

关键词： lightning activity interannual variation El Ni?o positive anomaly centre season shift.

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Response of global lightning activity to air temperature variation

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Chinese science Bulletin 2005年第22期50卷 2640-2644页

作者： ma ming tao shanchang zhu baoyou lUE weitao TAN Yongbo school of earth and space sciences University of Science anti Technology of China Hefei 230026 China Chinese Academy of Meteorological sciences Beijing 100081 China

It is an issue of great attention but yet not very clear whether lightning activities increase or decrease on a warmer world. Reeve et al. presented that lightning activities in global land and the Northern Hemisphere land have posi- tive response to the increase of wet bulb temperature at 1000hPa. Is this positive response restricted only to wet bulb temperature or in land? What is the response of global light- ning activities (in both land and ocean) to the global surface air temperature variation like? This paper, based on the 5-year or 8-year OTD/lIS satellite-based lightning detecting data and the NCEP reanalysis data, makes a reanalysis of the response of the global and regional lightning activities to temperature variations. The results show that on the inter- annual time scale the global total flash rate has positive re- sponse to the variation in global surface air temperature, with the sensitivity of 17±7% K?1. Also, the seasonal mean flash rate of continents all over the world and that of conti- nents in the Northern Hemisphere have sensitive positive response to increase of global surface air temperature and wet bulb temperature, with the sensitivity of about 13±5% K?1, a bit lower than estimation of 40% K?1 in Reeve et al. However, the Southern Hemisphere and other areas like the tropics show no significant correlation.

关键词： OTD IAS 闪电活跃性气候变化温度变化灵敏度

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A comparative study of the electrical characteristics of positive and negative narrow bipolar events

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earth and Planetary Physics 2023年第6期7卷 675-683页

作者： FeiFan liu baoyou zhu Helin Zhou GaoPeng lu ming ma JiuHou lei CAS Key laboratory of Geospace Environment School of Earth and Space SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Mengcheng National Geophysical Observatory University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China CAS Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology Hefei 230026China Provinn AB GothenburgSweden Key laboratory of Atmospheric Optics Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsHFIPSChinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230026China

Narrow bipolar events(NBEs)are intriguing intra-cloud discharge that have attracted enormous interest in the lightning *** come with two polarities that dominate at different altitudes in *** sources of negative NBEs are usually located near the top of thunderclouds;those of positive NBEs are at the middle *** may occur at the onset of *** electrical properties of NBEs remain poorly *** present here the first comparative study of the electrical characteristics of negative and positive *** derive electrical parameters from the fast electric field change waveforms of 1673 positive NBEs and 364 negative NBEs recorded by the Jianghuai Area Sferic Array(JASA)in china,we use an improved method based on the transmission line *** approach concludes that negative NBEs occurring at high altitudes tend to produce a narrower current pulse and take a shorter time to traverse the channel than their positive ***,compared to positive NBEs,a larger portion of negative NBEs are associated with slightly greater peak current moments but smaller overall charge *** differences reported herein between electrical properties of negative and positive NBEs suggest that charge distribution in NBE-producing thunderstorms tends to vary systematically with altitude.

关键词： lightning thunderstorm narrow bipolar events

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A Review of Atmospheric Electricity Research in china

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Advances in Atmospheric sciences 2015年第2期32卷 169-191页

作者： QIE Xiushu ZHANG Yijun YUAN Tie ZHANG Qilin ZHANG Tinglong zhu baoyou lU weitao ma ming YANG Jing ZHOU Yunjun FENG Guili Key laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences laboratory of lightning Physics and Protection Engineering Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences College of Atmospheric science Lanzhou University College of Atmospheric Physics Nanjing University of Information Technology laboratory for Climate Environment and Disasters of Western china Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences school of earth and space sciences University of Science and Technology of China College of Atmospheric sciences Chengdu University of Information Technology Shandong Research Institute of Meteorology

The importance of atmospheric electricity research has been increasingly recognized in recent decades. Research on atmospheric electricity has been actively conducted since the 1980 s in china. lightning physics and its effects, as important branches of atmospheric electricity, have received more attention because of their significance both in scientific research and lightning protection applications. This paper reviews atmospheric electricity research based primarily on ground-based field experiments at different regions in china in the last decade. The results described in this review include physics and effects of lightning, rocket-triggered lightning and its physical processes of discharge, thunderstorm electricity on the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas, lightning activity associated with severe convective storms, the effect and response of lightning to climate change, numerical simulation of thunderstorm electrification and lightning discharge, lightning detection and location techniques, and transient luminous events above thunderstorms.

关键词： atmospheric electricity lightning physics rocket-triggered lightning thunderstorm charge structure lightning location techniques

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Triangulation of red sprites observed above a mesoscale convective system in North china

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earth and Planetary Physics 2019年第2期3卷 111-125页

作者： YongPing Wang GaoPeng lu ming ma HongBo Zhang YanFeng Fan GuoJin liu ZheRun Wan Yu Wang Kang-ming Peng ChangZhi Peng FeiFan liu baoyou zhu BinBin Ni XuDong Gu long Chen Juan Yi RuoXian Zhou university of science and technology of china School of Earth and Space Science Key laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation (lAGEO) Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology State Key laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (lASG) Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Wuhan NARI limited liability Company State Grid Electric Power Research Institute Department of Physics National Cheng Kung University Department of space Physics School of Electronic Information Wuhan University

The triangulation of red sprites was obtained, based on concurrent observations over a mesoscale convective system(MCS) in North china from two stations separated by about 450 km. In addition, broadband sferics from the sprite-producing lightning were measured at five ground stations, making it possible to locate and identify the individual causative lightning discharges for different elements in this dancing sprite event. The results of our analyses indicate that the sprites were produced above the trailing stratiform region of the MCS, and their parent strokes were located mainly in the peripheral area of the stratiform. The lateral offset between sprites and causative strokes ranges from a few km to more than 50 km. In a particularly bright sprite, with a distinct halo feature and streamers descending down to an altitude of approximately 48 km, the sprite current signal identified in the electric sferic, measured at a range of about 1,110 km, peaked at approximately 1 ms after the return stroke.

关键词： sprite triangulation peak current hybrid location

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江淮地区一次雷暴过程双极性窄脉冲事件活动特征的相关研究

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中国科学技术大学学报 2018年第12期48卷 1022-1032页

作者：陈燕玲刘非凡祝宝友彭长志马明中国科学技术大学地球和空间科学学院安徽合肥230026

利用2014年8月5日江淮地区一次产生多个双极性窄脉冲事件(narrow bipolar event,NBE)的雷暴个例,结合空基资料(TRMM卫星,NCEP/CPC Global IR Dataset)和地基资料(闪电探测和多普勒雷达回波数据),讨论了NBE与雷暴相关参数的关系以及位于... 详细信息

利用2014年8月5日江淮地区一次产生多个双极性窄脉冲事件(narrow bipolar event,NBE)的雷暴个例,结合空基资料(TRMM卫星,NCEP/CPC Global IR Dataset)和地基资料(闪电探测和多普勒雷达回波数据),讨论了NBE与雷暴相关参数的关系以及位于不同雷暴区域NBE的孤立性和辐射强度.结果表明,NBE主要发生在云顶温度小于210 K、极化修正亮温(PCT-85)小于100 K的雷暴对流旺盛区域.通过分析NBE与30 dBZ多普勒雷达回波最大发展高度及闪电频次的关系,发现NBE主要发生于闪电频次较高时期,且NBE与闪电频次的相关性强于其与30 dBZ雷达回波最大高度的相关性.对NBE孤立性及VlF/lF波段辐射强度的分析表明,大多数孤立NBE发生于雷暴发展期,位于20 dBZ及以下的NBE辐射强度最大且最孤立.

关键词：双极性窄脉冲事件(NBE) TRMM卫星雷达回波垂直剖面辐射强度

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