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Assessment of Climate Trends and Land Cover/Use Dynamics within the Somone River Basin, Senegal

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American Journal of Climate Change 2017年第3期6卷 513-538页

作者： Ndeye Yacine Barry Vieux Boukhaly traore mamadou Lamine Ndiaye Osemwegie Isimemen Hauhouot Celestin Bienvenu Sambou West African Science Service Center on Climate Change and Adapted Land Use (WASCAL) Felix Houphouet-Boigny University Abidjan C&ocirc te d’Ivoire Institut des Sciences de l’Environnement Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar Dakar Sénégal Laboratoire d’Hydraulique et mécanique des Fluides Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar Dakar Sénégal Laboratoire d’Enseignement et de Recherche en Géomatique Campus universitaire de l’Ecole Supérieure Polytechnique de Dakar Dakar Sénégal

This study was undertaken mainly to 1) investigate temporal trends in annual rainfall and temperature;2) identify discontinuities in the time series;and 3) assess the Land Use/Land Cover Change (LULC) in the Somone coastal lagoon, within the river basin. The study examined temporal trends in rainfall (1931-2016) and temperature (1961-2016) datasets of Somone river basin, and breaks in time series using mann-Kendall non-parametric test and other suitable statistical tools. Temporal evolution in LULC was assessed for the years 1954, 1978, 2003 and 2016. Analysis indicates a significant decreasing trend in precipitation over the basin. These trends are much more pronounced for minimum and average rainfall than for maximum and annual amplitudes. Contrary to precipitation, surface air temperature shows a significant increasing trend for its minimum and averages, and a decreasing trend for its maximum and amplitudes. A significant break in precipitation was observed in 1958, while surface air temperature presents much longer breaks within the years 1975 and 1977, and 1991 and 1993. A more direct implication of climate change on LULC patterns is increased in unproductive salt pans (Sabkhas). Increase in Sabkhas gave rise to conversion of forest lands to agricultural lands of local farmers in search for fertile soils to cater for the food needs of a growing population. Otherwise, the development of the settlements, favored by the tourism activity and agriculture crisis, is another cause of croplands decreasing. The findings of the present research clearly indicate that the impacts of climate change are exacerbated by rapid urbanization in the basin.

关键词： Temperature Rainfall Climatic Change Water Resources LULC Patterns Somone Coastal Lagoon

Effects of Direct Sowing under mulch-Based Cropping System (DmC) on Cotton and maize Yield and Chemical Characteristics of Ferruginous Soil (Lixisoil) in the South Sudan Area of Burkina Faso

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2021年第6期11卷 352-365页

作者： Adama Ouattara Bazoumana Koulibaly Déhou Dakuo Kalifa Coulibaly Pascal Bazongo Oula traore Hassan Bismarck Nacro Institute of Environment and Agricultural Research (INERA) Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Laboratory for Soil Fertility Studies and Research Nazi BONI University Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso University of Fada N’Gourma Fada N’Gourma Burkina Faso West African monetary Economic Union (UEmOA) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

To better understand the effects of direct sowing under mulch-based cropping system (DmC) in Burkina Faso’s cotton production systems, randomized blocks of Fisher experimental design were implemented at Farako-Ba research station from 2010 to 2019. The study was conducted on lixisoil to evaluate DmC effects on biomass production, crops yields and soil chemical properties in a maize and cotton rotation system associated with cover crop. Conventional tillage and direct seeding without cover crop were compared to DmC under m>Bm>. m>ruziziensism> (GERm. & EVRARD), DmC under m>Bm>. m>ruziziensism> + m>mm>m>.m> m>cochinchinensism> mulch and DmC under m>C. junceam> (L.) mulch used in association with maize. Biomass production, crop yields and soil chemistry were evaluated. Results showed that over 10 years, no-till with or without a cover crop provided cotton seed and maize yields that were statistically equivalent to the tillage commonly practiced by farmers. Cover crop has allowed increasing the biomass production compared to Conventional Tillage and Direct Seeding. maize yield has not varied significantly with the cover crop. After 10 years of maize and cotton rotation, the improvement raised from +27% to +38% for organic matter and from +15% to +29% for nitrogen with DmC including legumes such as m>m. cochinchinensism> and m>C. junceam> compared to Conventional Tillage on 0 - 5 cm depth. No significant differences were found on soil pH like P2O5 and K2O content. Although DmC with m>C. junceam> used as cover crop did not provide the best biomass production, it contributes to increase nitrogen and organic matter and presents better mineral balances in 10 years of rotation. The 5 - 10 cm and 10 - 20 cm were little influenced by DmC systems.

关键词： Cover Crop Tillage Direct Sowing under mulch-Based Cropping System Crop Rotations Soil Characteristic Leguminous

Phytochemical Characterization and Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity of Leaf Extracts of mitragyna inermis (Willd.) O. Ktze on the in Vitro Growth of Clinical Strains Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Involved in Gastro Enteritis

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Journal of Biosciences and medicines 2024年第6期12卷 101-113页

作者： monon Kone Youssouf Zanga traore Tidiane Kamagate Ahmont Landry Claude Kablan Abdoulaye Toure Karamoko Ouattara Adama Coulibaly Department of Biochemistry-Genetics Training and Research Unit Biological Sciences Peleforo Gon Coulibaly University Korhogo Cte dIvoire Department of mathematics-Physics-Chemistry Training and Research Unit Biological Sciences Peleforo Gon Coulibaly University Korhogo Cte dIvoire Department of Biology and Health Training and Research Unit of Bioscience University of Flix Houphout-Boigny Abidjan Ivory Coast Department of microbiology and molecular Biology Training and Research Unit of Agriculture Fisheries Resources and Agro-Industry University of San Pedro San Pedro Cte dIvoire

Gastroenteritis constitutes a group of diarrheal diseases of infectious origin, responsible for absenteeism from work, morbidity and mortality, especially among aged people. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of mitragyna inermis extracts on the in vitro growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa involved in gastroenteritis. Phytochemical screening was carried out using two distinct methods. The detection of phytochemical compounds by tube coloring and chromatography on a thin layer of silica gel. The sensitivity of organisms was evaluated by the agar well method. The dilution method in liquid medium coupled with spreading on mueller Hinton agar helped determine the CmB/mIC activity ratios. The investigations show that the extract has the best extraction yield (75.86% ± 0.20%) compared to the aqueous macerated (61.8% ± 0.08%) and decocted (66.6% ± 0.12%). These extracts contain several phytochemical compounds such as flavonoids, polyphenols, tannins, alkaloids, saponosides, coumarins and sterols and terpenes. These substances are endowed with biological activities and could be at the origin of antibacterial activity observed with m. inermis extracts. The analysis of antibacterial activity showed that the germs are sensitive to the extracts with inhibition diameters ranging from 8.30 ± 0.53 to 17.87 ± 0.58 mm. The ethanolic extract was the most active with diameters varying from 15.07 ± 0.62 to 17.87 ± 0.58 mm on all the germs tested. E. coli and S. aureus were the most sensitive germs to the extracts. P. aeruginosa was the least sensitive germ. Activity reports indicate that the extracts exert bactericidal activity on E. coli and S. aureus but bacteriostatic activity on P. aeruginosa. These results justify the use of m. inermis leaves in a traditional environment to treat gastroenteritis.

关键词： Phytochemical Characterization Antibacterial Activity mitragyna inermis Gastro Enteritis

Spectrum of Hypertriglyceridemia at the Onset of Type 2 Diabetes in Ouagadougou

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Open Journal of Internal medicine 2020年第1期10卷 83-89页

作者： Oumar Guira Réné Bognounou Lassané Zoungrana Aline Tonde André Nagalo Réné traore Joseph Youssouf Drabo Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé Université Joseph Ki Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Service de médecine Interne Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado Ouédraogo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Biochimie Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado Ouédraogo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Introduction: Hypertriglyceridemia is a frequent dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes. We aimed to determine its prevalence, its typology, and its associated factors in newly type 2 diabetes patients in Ouagadougou. material and method: This cross-sectional, descriptive and analytic study has been performed from may 2015 to June 2016 in the Internal medicine department in Yalgado Ouédraogo teaching hospital, Ouagadougou. An accidental sample of newly type 2 diabetes outpatients, na?ve of antidiabetics therapy was studied. A 12-hour fasting triglyceridemia was performed;hypertriglyceridemia was defined for triglyceridemia > 1.5 g/L (1.7 mmol/L). Data were analyzed with Epi info 7.***.5.0. Proportions and means were compared respectively with Khi2 or Fisher’s test and Student’s test with a significance of p Results: One hundred and three patients, i.e. 35 (34%) men and 68 (66%) women were included. The sex ratio was 0.51 and the mean age 49.3 ± 10.1 years [limits: 24 and 70]. The mean value of triglyceridemia was 1.8 ± 1.7 mmol/L [limits: 0.5 and 14.9]. Hypertriglyceridemia was reported in 32 patients (31.1%): minor (11.30 mmol/L) in one (3.1%) patients. Hypertriglyceridemia’s phenotype was commonly integrated into a mixed dyslipidemia;it was often combined with a total cholesterolemia increase and a HDL cholesterolemia decrease. In bivariate analysis, hyperglycemia was associated with severe hyperglycemia (p = 0.006) and renal failure (p = 0.03). Conclusion: Hypertriglyceridemia in type 2 diabetes is frequent and often combined with other lipids disorders. It may need an optimal care.

关键词： Hypertriglyceridemia Type 2 Diabetes Burkina Faso

Soil macrofauna Behaviour in the Presence of Pesticides and Organic Amendments

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2017年第3期5卷 202-212页

作者： Rayim Wendé Alice Nare Paul Windinpsidi Savadogo mamoudou traore André Gountan Hassan Bismarck Nacro michel Papaoba Sedogo Département des Substances Naturelles Institut de Recherche en Sciences Appliquées et Technologies (IRSAT) Ouagadou-gou Burkina Faso Laboratoire Sol-Eau-Plante Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire d’Etude et de Recherche sur la Fertilité des Sols (LERF) Université Polytechnique de Bobo Dioulasso (UPB) Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso

Insects attack vegetable crop, leading to an overuse of pesticides. Organic amendments are recommended to increase soil fertility. The impact of two insecticides, on soil macrofauna under rainfed cultivation of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) with or without organic amendments was evaluated. The insecticides were Lambda Super (lambda-cyhalothrin) and Dursban (chlorpyrifos ethyl) and organic amendments were compost, pig manure and cattle manure. An experimental device in split-plot with three replicate was installed. Pesticides were applied periodically each week during the experiment. The results have showed that with organic amendments, Lambda super increased the earthworm population compared to the control. Indeed, we found 42 individuals/m2 with compost;1 individuals/m2 with pig manure and 27 individuals/m2 with cattle manure but the control was 0 individuals/m2 in the presence of Lambda super without organic amendment. Similarly, Dursban increased the population of earthworms in the presence of organic amendment with 11, 37 and 91 individuals/m2 respectively for compost, pig manure and cattle manure. Lambda super with compost has led to a total elimination of termites. In the presence of Dursban, a decrease in the number of termites was observed when adding cattle manure (11 individuals/ m2) compared to the control containing only Dursban (21 individuals/m2). Better distribution of macrofauna was obtained with treatment with Dursban and compost (E = 0.99 for earthworms and E = 0.96 for termites). All organic amendments used in our study stimulated earthworm population, but more in the presence of Lambda super or Dursban.

关键词： Pesticides Organic Amendment Soil macrofauna Burkina Faso

Detection of Low-Risk and High-Risk Oncogenic Human Papillomavirus in Archived Tissues from ENT Tumors in Burkina Faso

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Journal of Biosciences and medicines 2023年第9期11卷 171-180页

作者： Ali Kandé maïmouna Ilboudo Djénéba Ouermi Ina marie Angèle traore Abdoul Karim Ouattara Théodora mahoukèdè Zohoncon Esther mah Alima traore Florencia W. Djigma Dorcas Obiri-Yeboah Henriette Poaty Yvette marie Chantal Gyebre Olga m. Lompo Charlemagne mR Ouedraogo Jacques Simpore Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire Pietro Annigoni (CERBA) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Biologie moléculaire et de génétique (LABIOGENE) UFR/SVT Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso University Post Office Department of Microbiology and Immunology School of Medical Sciences University of Cape Coast Cape Coast Ghana Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado Ouedraogo Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is classified into high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) and HPV (LR-HPV) according to their oncogenic potential. These viruses can be found in the cervix, vagina, vulva, anus and in the ENT sphere. HPV ENT infections can lead to benign or malignant tumors in which we could find both LR-HPV and HR-HPV genotypes. The objective of this study was to investigate the genotypes of HR-HPV and LR-HPV in archived tissue samples derived from both benign and malignant tumors of the ear, nose, and throat (ENT) in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. One hundred and twenty formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded archived tissues of the ENT sphere from 26 benign tumors and 94 malignant tumors were included. The tissues were first deparaffinized with xylem. The extracted DNA was used to test for high-risk and low-risk HPV by Real-Time multiplex PCR. HPV DNA was found in 57.7% (15/26) of benign tumors and 43.61% (41/94) of malignant tumors. The prevalence of HPV infection was 46.67% (56/120) in all tumors combined. The most common HPV genotypes found were HPV 11 (34.28%), HPV 6 (30%), HPV56 (14.28%) and HPV 33 (8.57%). There were 21.43% (12/56) cases of genotypes co-infections with 10 cases of double infection and 2 cases of triple infection. Both low-risk and high-risk HPV are found in ENT tumors with relatively high HPV prevalence.

关键词： HPV Archived Tissues ENT Tumor Burkina Faso

Evolution of Viral Load in Patients Infected with HIV-1 at Point G University Hospital

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Open Journal of medical microbiology 2024年第1期14卷 66-76页

作者： A. maiga D. Kone D. m. Coulibaly Ag m. Baraika A. traore S. S. Diakite I. I. maiga I. Konate A. I. maiga Faculty of medicine and Odontostomatology of Bamako (FmOS) University of Science of Technical and Technology De Bamako Bamako Mali Laboratory of medical Biology and Hospital Hygiene of Point-G University Hospital Bamako Mali Faculty of Pharmacy of Bamako (FaPh) University of Science of Technical and Technology De Bamako Bamako Mali Laboratory of the Luxembourg mother-Child Hospital Bamako Mali National Institute of Public Health Bamako Mali National Institute for Training in Health Sciences Bamako Mali Laboratory of the Kati University Hospital Center Bamako Mali Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department of Point-G University Hospital Bamako Mali Laboratory of CHU Gabriel Touré Bamako Mali

Introduction: HIV, the human immunodeficiency virus, is the etiological agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The aim of this study was to assess the evolution of the viral load in patients under treatment. methodology: This was a study carried out from July 2017 to June 2022 at the Point G University Hospital laboratory. The determination of the viral load of patients was carried out by PCR on the ABOTT m2000sp/rt platform. Results: A total of 129 patients infected with HIV-1, aged 19 to 72 years with a mean age of 40.05 years ± 10.71;all on antiretroviral chemotherapy. The female gender predominated among our patients. The most common treatment regimen was 2INTI + 1INNTI with 72.9% followed by 2INTI + 1INI with 13.2%. As for the combinations of molecules, the combination TDF + 3TC + EFV and TDF + 3TC + DTG predominated, respectively 65.1% and 13.2%. 89.9% of our patients had undetectable viremia after 12 months of treatment (p m 681315.65 copies/ml ± 1616908.484 to m0 at 5742.36 copies /ml ± 35756.883 at m12 (p Conclusion: Generally speaking, antiretroviral treatment had contributed to controlling viral loads, however the therapeutic combination TDF + 3TC + DTG had made it possible to obtain more patients with undetectable viremia instead.

关键词： HIV-1 Treatment Viral Load Point G University Hospital

Effect of Polyethylene Terephthalate Plastic Waste on the Physico-mechanical and Thermal Characteristics of Stabilized Laterite Bricks

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2023年第6期13卷 910-920页

作者： Aboubacar Sidiki Toure moussa Tamboura Antoine Padou Diarra Adama Coulibaly Dodo Kayentao Kélétigui Daou mah Fatoumata traore Faculty of Sciences and Techniques (FST) Materials Chemistry Laboratory University of Science Techniques and Technologies of Bamako Bamako Mali National Research and Experimentation Center in Building and Public Works (CNREX-BTP) Soil Mechanics and Road Engineering Laboratory Ministry of Transport and Equipment Bamako Mali National School of Engineers-Abderhamane Baba TOURE (ENI-ABT) Applied Thermal Laboratory University of Science Techniques and Technologies of Bamako Bamako Mali

The present work investigated the effect of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic waste on the physico-mechanical and thermal properties of cement-stabilized laterite bricks to see the durability of the modified bricks (CSLB). Samples were formulated by mixing laterite, cement, and different percentages of PET (0%, 3%, 5%, and 7%) by volume. The bricks were produced using the m7mI Hydraform standard interlocking block and kept in the shade for a curing period of 28 days. The addition of 3% to 5% PET to the laterite stabilized with 10% cement results in a decrease in both dry and wet compressive strength, which is determined using the Controlab compression machine. However, the obtained results are in concordance with the standards. The thermal conductivity of CSLB, determined using the box method with the EI700 measurement cell, decreases as the PET content of the mixture increases. A decrease in bulk density from 1.67 to 1.58 g/cm3 was observed.

关键词： Plastic Waste Polyethylene Terephthalate Laterite Bricks Cement Stabilization Thermal Conductivity

Helicobacter pylori Virulence Genes cagA, babA2, and vacA Detection in Dyspeptic Patients from Burkina Faso

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American Journal of molecular Biology 2023年第3期13卷 141-155页

作者： Tegwinde Rebeca Compaore Kalifou traore Nômawendé Ines Compaore Lassina traore Sylvie Zida Serge Theophile Soubeiga Dinanibe Kambire Jean Claude R. P. Ouedraogo Aminata Dickel Sidibe Yasmine Astrid Sana Tani Sagna Wendkuuni Florencia Djigma Henri Gautier Ouedraogo Jacques Simpore Département Biomédical et Santee Publique Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire Pietro Annigoni (CERBA) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Biologie et de Génétique moléculaire (LABIOGENE) Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Clinique El Fateh-Suka Service de médecine et de spécialités médicales Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Département de médecine et de Pharmacopée Traditionnelle Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

The diverse clinical presentation of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection results from the interaction between bacterial virulence, host genetics, socio-demographic and environmental factors. This study aimed to characterize Helicobacter pylori virulence genes and the associated behavioral factors among dyspeptic patients in Burkina Faso. Two hundred and fifty (250) stool samples were collected from patients with dyspepsia seen at health centers in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Bacterial deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was extracted using a commercial kit. Virulence genes were detected using conventional multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction with specific primers. The overall prevalence of Helicobacter pylori of the 250 participants was 91.20%. CagA virulence gene was present among 20.19% of individuals, while babA2 and vacA were detected respectively among 9.65% and 67.54% of the population positive for Helicobacter pylori. Among vacA subtypes, vacAs1 was the most frequent, with 39.04%, followed by vacAi1 (19.74%), vacAi2 (17.54%), and vacAs2 with 10.96%. Regarding vacAm1 and vacAm2, they were less frequent at 6.14% each. “Handwashing three times or less per day” significantly increased the risk of having vacAi2 allele and H. pylori rRNA16s, with p-values of 0.013 and 0.020, respectively. The consumption of non-tap water increases the risk of carrying the cagA virulence gene. Additionally, H. pylori-positive patients living with more than four (4) people in their household had about two times the risk of having the vacAs1 allele. The present study shows the detection of Helicobacter pylori cagA, vacA subtypes, and babA2 by stool a PCR method in Burkina Faso. The strong association between sanitary habits and virulence factors depicts the composite interaction between ecological factors, gastric mucosa, and bacteria. Therefore, the synergic action of these factors should be considered when aiming for bacterial eradication and gastric pathology cure.

关键词： Helicobacter pylori Stool cagA babA2 vacA