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Surgery in the age of biologics

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Gastroenterology Report 2019年第2期7卷 77-90,I0001页

作者： Daniel J.Wong Eve m.roth Joseph D.Feuerstein Vitaliy Y.Poylin Department of Surgery Division of Colon&Rectum SurgeryBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA Department of medicine Division of GastroenterologyBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA

Since the introduction of the first anti-tumor necrosis factor antibodies in the late 1990s,biologic therapy has revolutionized the medical treatment of patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).Nevertheless,surgery continues to play a significant role in treating IBD *** of intestinal resection in patients with Crohn’s disease or colectomy in ulcerative colitis are reducing but not substantially over the long *** increasing variety of biologic medications are now available to treat IBD patients in various clinical ***,a number of questions persist about how biologic medications affect the need for surgery and overall course in IBD *** the trend for earlier and more frequent use of biologic medications in IBD patients,a working knowledge of the effects of these medications on surgical decision-making and outcomes is essential for the practicing colorectal surgeon and *** review seeks to summarize the relevant literature surrounding biologic use and IBD surgery with a focus on the effect of biologics on the frequency,type and complications of surgery in this‘age of biologics’.

关键词： Biologics inflammatory bowel disease surgery review

Community phylogenetic diversity and abiotic site characteristics influence abundance of the invasive plant Rhamnus cathartica L.

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2014年第2期7卷 202-209页

作者： Timothy J.S.Whitfeld Alexandra G.Lodge Alexander m.roth Peter B.Reich Department of Forest Resources University of Minnesota1530 Cleveland Avenue NorthSt PaulMN 55108-6112USA Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment University of Western SydneyPenrithNSW 2751Australia

Aims Theory predicts that the success of introduced species is related to the diversity of native species through trait-based *** site characteristics may also affect a site’s susceptibility to *** quantified resident plant species richness,phylogenetic diversity and several abiotic site characteristics for 24 oak forests in minnesota,USA,to assess their impact on the abundance of a widespread,introduced terrestrial plant species,common buckthorn(Rhamnus cathartica L.).Specifically,we asked(1)whether resident species richness and phylogenetic diversity affected the abundance of *** and(2)what site characteristics explained the overall abundance of *** Our survey included 24 oak-dominated stands in minnesota’s deciduous *** each stand,we identified all species in 16 *** also measured a series of environmental site characteristics,including canopy openness(a proxy for light availability),percent bare soil,soil pH,percent sand,an index of propagule availability,duff layer thickness(a proxy for earthworm activity),an index of insolation and *** all species present in at least one site,we estimated a community *** combined all sitelevel characteristics,including phylogenetic diversity of the resident plant species,in a multiple regression model to examine site-level drivers of community *** Findings Results indicate that sites with higher overall plant phylogenetic diversity harbor less ***,even though native species richness was not significantly related to *** *** analyses indicated that,in addition to resident species phylogenetic diversity,the most important predictors of *** abundance were canopy openness and the amount of bare soil,both positively related to the abundance of the *** combining the effects of abiotic site characteristics and resident species phylogenetic diversity in a model that predicted the abundance of R

关键词： invasibility R.cathartica L. phylogenetic diversity site characteristics

Accelerating ions with high-energy short laser pulses from submicrometer thick targets

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2016年第4期4卷 1-8页

作者： F.Wagner C.Brabetz O.Deppert m.roth T.Stohlker An.Tauschwitz A.Tebartz B.Zielbauer V.Bagnoud GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH Helmholtz Institut Jena Institut für Kernphysik Technische Universitat Darmstadt Institute for Theoretical Physics Frankfurt University

Using the example of the PHELIX high-energy short pulse laser we discuss the technical preconditions to investigate ion acceleration with submicrometer thick targets. We show how the temporal contrast of this system was improved to prevent pre-ionization of such targets on the nanosecond timescale. Furthermore the influence of typical fluctuations or uncertainties of the on-target intensity on ion acceleration experiments is discussed. We report how these uncertainties were reduced by improving the assessment and control of the on-shot intensity and by optimizing the positioning of the target into the focal plane. Finally we report on experimental results showing maximum proton energies in excess of 85 meV for ion acceleration via the target normal sheath acceleration mechanism using target thicknesses on the order of one micrometer.

关键词： high-power laser technique laser-ion acceleration relativistic laser plasma interaction target normal sheath acceleration temporal contrast

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Reflection of intense laser light from microstructured targets as a potential diagnostic of laser focus and plasma temperature

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2019年第1期7卷 10-16页

作者： J.Jarrett m.King R.J.Gray N.Neumann L.Dhl C.D.Baird T.Ebert m.Hesse A.Tebartz D.R.Rusby N.C.Woolsey D.Neely m.roth P.mcKenna Department of Physics SUPA University of Strathclyde Institut f¨ur Kernphysik Technische Universit?t Darmstadt York Plasma Institute University of York STFC-Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Institut fur Kernphysik Technische Universit?t Darmstadt

The spatial-intensity profile of light reflected during the interaction of an intense laser pulse with a microstructured target is investigated experimentally and the potential to apply this as a diagnostic of the interaction physics is explored numerically. Diffraction and speckle patterns are measured in the specularly reflected light in the cases of targets with regular groove and needle-like structures, respectively, highlighting the potential to use this as a diagnostic of the evolving plasma surface. It is shown, via ray-tracing and numerical modelling, that for a laser focal spot diameter smaller than the periodicity of the target structure, the reflected light patterns can potentially be used to diagnose the degree of plasma expansion, and by extension the local plasma temperature, at the focus of the intense laser light. The reflected patterns could also be used to diagnose the size of the laser focal spot during a high-intensity interaction when using a regular structure with known spacing.

关键词： high power laser laser-solid interactions plasma temperature diagnosis

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在凸轮轴无心磨削中使用CBN材料的经济效益

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现代制造工程 2002年第2期 53-54页

作者： W.Hinz H.Hottek m.roth

在发动机生产过程中,使用CBN磨轮,不仅降低了成本,而且使产品有了显著的增长.

关键词：凸轮轴发动机无心磨削砂轮立方氮化硼经济效益

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W/Ag和WC/Ag触头的接触电阻和电磨损

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电器与能效管理技术 1980年第2期 59-64页

作者： m.Lindmayer m.roth m.Clasing 王绍雄上海电器科学研究所

本文介绍了多种 W/Ag 和 WC/Ag 触头材料的电性能,试验电流峰值为60～1800安。试验指出接触电阻与分断电流和触头尺寸有密切关系。在分断小电流时由于形成半导体膜而产生高的接触电阻,在分断大电流时,则有低的金属性接触电阻。接触电阻... 详细信息

本文介绍了多种 W/Ag 和 WC/Ag 触头材料的电性能,试验电流峰值为60～1800安。试验指出接触电阻与分断电流和触头尺寸有密切关系。在分断小电流时由于形成半导体膜而产生高的接触电阻,在分断大电流时,则有低的金属性接触电阻。接触电阻的减小对应着大的电磨损。在小电流时 W/Ag和 WC/Ag 的电磨损率没有显著差别,而在大电流时,WC/Ag 的电磨损率小于 W/Ag 的电磨损率。

关键词：接触电阻通断电磨损 W/Ag WC/Ag 触头