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fast efficient photon deceleration in plasmas by using two laser pulses at different frequencies

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matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第3期9卷 11-18页

作者： y.x.Wang x.l.Zhu S.m.Weng P.li x.f.li h.Ai h.R.Pan Z.m.Sheng Key laboratory for laser Plasmas(moe) School of Physics and AstronomyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Collaborative Innovation Center of IfSA Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Research Center of laser fusion of China Academy of Engineering Physics MianyangSichuan 621900China State key laboratory of high field laser Physics Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China Tsung-dao lee Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

The generation of ultrashort high-power light sources in the mid-infrared(mid-IR)to terahertz(Thz)range is of interest for applications in a number of fields,from fundamental research to biology and *** conventional laser technology,photon deceleration in plasma wakes provides an alternative approach to the generation of ultrashort mid-IR or Thz ***,we present a photon deceleration scheme for the efficient generation of ultrashort mid-IR or Thz pulses by using an intense driver laser pulse with a relatively short wavelength and a signal laser pulse with a relatively long *** signal pulse trails the driver pulse with an appropriate time delay such that it sits at the front of the second wake bubble that is driven by the driver *** to its relatively long wavelength,the signal pulse will be subjected to a large gradient of the refractive index in the plasma wake ***,the photon deceleration in the plasma wake becomes faster and more efficient for signal pulses with longer *** greatly enhances the capacity and efficiency of photon deceleration in the generation of ultrashort high-power light sources in the long-wavelength IR and Thz spectral ranges.

关键词： laser ultrashort photon

In situ TEm investigation of electron irradiation and aging-induced high-density nanoprecipitates in an mg-10Gd-3y-1Zn-0.5Zr alloy

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Journal of magnesium and Alloys 2024年第5期12卷 1841-1853页

作者： m.lv h.l.Ge Q.Q.Jin x.h.Shao y.T.Zhou B.Zhang x.l.ma Shenyang National laboratory for materials Science Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences72 Wenhua RoadShenyang 110016China School of materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaShenyang 110016China materials Science and Engineering Research Center Guangxi University of Science and TechnologyLiuzhou 545006China

In-situ electron irradiation and aging are applied to introduce high-density precipitates in an mg-10Gd-3y-1Zn-0.5Zr(GWZ1031K,wt.%)alloy to improve the *** results show that the hardness of the mg alloy after irradiation for 10 h and aging for 9 h at 250℃ is 1.64 GPa,which is approximately 64% higher than that of the samples before being *** is mainly attributed to γ'precipitates on the basal plane after irradiation and the high-density nanoscale β'precipitates on the prismatic plane after aging,which should be closely related to the irradiation-induced homogenous *** latter plays a key role in precipitation *** result paves a way to improve the mechanical properties of metallic materials by tailoring the precipitation through irradiation and aging.

关键词： mg alloy Electron beam irradiation hardening Precipitates In-situ TEm

Spalling characteristics of high-temperature treated granitic rock at different strain rates

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Journal of Rock mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第4期16卷 1280-1288页

作者： l.f.fan Q.h.yang x.l.Du The Key laboratory of Urban Security and Disaster Engineering of ministry of Education Beijing University of TechnologyBeijing100124China

The dynamic spalling characteristics of rock are important for stability analysis in rock *** paper presented an experimental investigation on the dynamic spalling characteristics of granite with different temperatures and strain rates.A series of dynamic spalling tests with different impact velocities were conducted on thermally treated granite at different *** dynamic spalling strengths of granite with different temperatures and strain rates were determined.A model was proposed to correlate the dynamic spalling strength of granite,high temperature and strain *** results show that the spalling strength of granite decreases with increasing ***,the spalling strength of granite with a higher strain rate is larger than that with a lower strain *** proposed model can describe the relationship among dynamic spalling strength of granite,high temperature and strain rate.

关键词： Dynamic spalling characteristics high temperature Strain rate Dynamic loading Granite

Water-soluble brown carbon in atmospheric aerosols from the resource-dependent cities:Optical properties,chemical compositions and sources

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第4期138卷 74-87页

作者： haoji Wang yue Su yangzheng liu fei xie xingjun Zhou Ruihong yu Changwei lü jiang he School of Ecology and Environment Inner Mongolia UniversityHohhot 010021China Institute of Environmental Geology Inner Mongolia UniversityHohhot 010021China Environmental monitoring Center of Inner mongolia Hohhot 010011China

As a vital type of light-absorbing aerosol,brown carbon(BrC)presents inherent associations with atmospheric photochemistry and climate ***,the understanding of the chemical and optical properties of BrC is limited,especially in some resource-dependent cities with long heating periods in northwest *** study showed that the annual average abundances of Water-soluble BrC(WS-BrC)were 9.33±7.42 and 8.69±6.29μg/m^(3)in Baotou and Wuhai and the concentrations,absorption coefficient(Abs_(365)),and mass absorption efficiency(mAE365)of WS-BrC presented significant seasonal patterns,with high values in the heating season and low values in the non-heating season;while showing opposite seasonal trends for the Absorption Angstr?m exponent(AAE_(300-400)).Comparatively,the levels of WS-BrC in developing regions(such as cities in Asia)were higher than those in developed regions(such as cities in Europe and Australia),indicating the significant differences in energy consumption in these *** combining fluorescence excitation-emission matrix(EEm)spectra with the parallel factor(PARAfAC)model,humic-like(C1 and C2)and proteinlike(C3)substances were identified,and accounted for 61.40%±4.66%and 38.6%±3.78%at Baotou,and 60.33%±6.29%and 39.67%±4.17%at Wuhai,*** results of source apportionment suggested that the potential source regions of WS-BrC varied in heating ***-heating seasons and that the properties of WS-BrC significantly depended on primary emissions(e.g.,combustion emissions)and secondary formation.

关键词： Water-soluble brown carbon Atmospheric aerosols Optical properties PARAfAC Source apportionment

Responses of nitrogen cycling and related microorganisms to brackish wetlands formed by evapotranspiration

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Pedosphere 2024年第1期34卷 252-266页

作者： Jiaohui fANG Tianshu lU Jian liu Shangbin he xiufeng yANG huashan dou honghai ZhANG School of life Sciences Qufu Normal UniversityQufu 273100China Environment Research Institute Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China hulunbuir Academy of Inland lakes in Northern Cold&Arid Areas Hulunbuir 021000China

Elevated evapotranspiration due to warmer air temperature could raise salinity and nutrient levels of some inland wetlands, potentially impacting nitrogen cycling. To characterize the impact of high evapotranspiration on soil microbial nitrogen cycling in inland wetlands, we compared freshwater and brackish marsh(or non-marsh) wetlands in terms of sediment ammonia-oxidizing rate(AOR), denitrifying rate(DR), and related microbial communities in a typical inland basin, the hulun lake basin, in China. Results showed that marsh ecosystems(mE) exhibited 31% higher AOR and 65% higher DR than non-marsh ecosystems(NE). for NE, freshwater non-marsh wetland exhibited 12% higher AOR than brackish non-marsh wetland. This was probably due to the inhibitory effects of high Nh_4~+ and salinity levels on ammonia-oxidizing archaea in brackish non-marsh wetland. Conversely, DR in brackish non-marsh wetland was 23% higher than that in freshwater non-marsh wetland, with total organic carbon(TOC) significantly influencing this difference,suggesting that the higher DR in brackish non-marsh wetland was mainly due to its higher TOC level. for mE, due to the direct and indirect interference of salinity, brackish marsh wetland displayed 26% lower AOR and 19% lower DR than freshwater marsh wetland. Besides, brackish wetlands harbored distinct ammonia-oxidizing and denitrifying microbial communities compared to freshwater wetlands. The assembly of these communities was dominated by stochastic processes, while brackish wetlands exhibited more prominent deterministic processes than freshwater wetlands. Overall, high evapotranspiration altered activities and community characteristics of ammonia oxidizers and denitrifiers in inland brackish wetlands by enhancing salinity and nutrient levels,while emergent plants occurring in mE could mitigate the adverse effects of salt stress of inland brackish wetlands on nitrogen cycling.

关键词： ammonia-oxidizing archaea ammonia-oxidizing bacteria aquatic plants denitrifying bacteria nitrogen transformation inland wetlands

STCf conceptual design report (Volume 1): Physics & detector

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frontiers of physics 2024年第1期19卷 1-154页

作者： m.Achasov x.C.Ai l.P.An R.Aliberti Q.An x.Z.Bai y.Bai O.Bakina A.Barnyakov V.Blinov V.Bobrovnikov D.Bodrov A.Bogomyagkov A.Bondar I.Boyko Z.h.Bu f.m.Cai h.Cai J.J.Cao Q.h.Cao x.Cao Z.Cao Q.Chang K.T.Chao D.y.Chen h.Chen h.x.Chen J.f.Chen K.Chen l.l.Chen P.Chen S.l.Chen S.m.Chen S.Chen S.P.Chen W.Chen x.Chen x.f.Chen x.R.Chen y.Chen y.Q.Chen h.y.Cheng J.Cheng S.Cheng T.G.Cheng J.P.Dai l.y.Dai x.C.Dai D.Dedovich A.Denig I.Denisenko J.m.Dias D.Z.Ding l.y.Dong W.h.Dong V.Druzhinin D.S.Du y.J.Du Z.G.Du l.m.Duan D.Epifanov y.l.fan S.S.fang Z.J.fang G.fedotovich C.Q.feng x.feng y.T.feng J.l.fu J.Gao y.N.Gao P.S.Ge C.Q.Geng l.S.Geng A.Gilman l.Gong T.Gong B.Gou W.Gradl J.l.Gu A.Guevara l.C.Gui A.Q.Guo f.K.Guo J.C.Guo J.Guo y.P.Guo Z.h.Guo A.Guskov K.l.han l.han m.han x.Q.hao J.B.he S.Q.he x.G.he y.l.he Z.B.he Z.x.heng B.l.hou T.J.hou y.R.hou C.y.hu h.m.hu K.hu R.J.hu W.h.hu x.h.hu y.C.hu J.hua G.S.huang J.S.huang m.huang Q.y.huang W.Q.huang x.T.huang x.J.huang y.B.huang y.S.huang N.hüsken V.Ivanov Q.P.Ji J.J.Jia S.Jia Z.K.Jia h.B.jiang J.jiang S.Z.jiang J.B.Jiao Z.Jiao h.J.Jing x.l.Kang x.S.Kang B.C.Ke m.Kenzie A.Khoukaz I.Koop E.Kravchenko A.Kuzmin y.lei E.levichev C.h.li C.li D.y.li f.li G.li G.li h.B.li h.li h.N.li h.J.li h.l.li J.m.li J.li l.li l.li l.y.li N.li P.R.li R.h.li S.li T.li W.J.li x.li x.h.li x.Q.li x.h.li y.li y.y.li Z.J.li h.liang J.h.liang y.T.liang G.R.liao l.Z.liao y.liao C.x.lin D.x.lin x.S.lin B.J.liu C.W.liu D.liu f.liu G.m.liu h.B.liu J.liu J.J.liu J.B.liu K.liu K.y.liu K.liu l.liu Q.liu S.B.liu T.liu x.liu y.W.liu y.liu y.l.liu Z.Q.liu Z.y.liu Z.W.liu I.logashenko y.long C.G.lu J.x.lu N.lu Q.f.lü y.lu y.lu Z.lu P.lukin f.J.luo T.luo x.f.luo y.h.luo h.J.lyu x.R.lyu J.P.ma P.ma y.ma y.m.ma f.maas S.malde D.matvienko Z.x.meng R.mitchell A.Nefediev y.Nefedov S.l.Olsen Q.Ouyang P.Pakhlov G.Pakhlova x.Pan y.Pan E.Passemar y.P.Pei h.P.Peng l.Peng x.y.Peng x.J.Peng K.Peters S.Pivovarov E.Pyata B.B.Qi y.Q.Qi W.B.Qian y.Qian C.f.Qiao J.J.Qin J.J.Qin l.Q.Qin x.S.Qin T.l.Qiu J.Rademacker C.f.Redmer h.y.Sang Anhui University Hefei 230039China Beihang University Beijing 100191China Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics Novosibirsk 630090Russia CAS Key laboratory of Theoretical Physics Institute of Theoretical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Cavendish laboratory University of CambridgeJJ Thomson AveCambridge CB30HEUnited Kingdom Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079China Central South University Changsha 410083China China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074China China University of mining and Technology Xuzhou 221116China École Polytechnique fédérale de lausanne(EPfl) LausanneSwitzerland fudan University Shanghai 200433China Goethe University frankfurt D-60325 Frankfurt am MainGermany Guangxi Normal University Guilin 541004China Guangxi Uninversity Nanning 530004China hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study UCASHangzhou 310024China hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang 050024China hebei University Baoding 071002China hefei University of Technology Hefei 230601China helmholtz Institute mainz Staudinger Weg 18D-55099 MainzGermany henan Normal University Xinxiang 453007China henan University Kaifeng 475004China high Energy Physics Center Chung-Ang UniversitySeoul 06974Korea higher School of Economy 11 Pokrovsky Bulvar Moscow 109028Russia huangshan University Huangshan 245000China hubei University of Automotive Technology Shiyan 442002China hunan Normal University Changsha 410081China hunan University of Science and Technology Xiangtan 411201China hunan University Changsha 410082China Indiana University BloomingtonIndiana 47405USA Inner mongolia University Hohhot 010021China Institute of Advanced Science facilities Shenzhen 518107China Institute of high Energy Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Institute of modern Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Institute of Physics Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan 11529China Institute of Theoretical Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Jilin University Changch

The superτ-charm facility(STCf)is an electron–positron collider proposed by the Chinese particle physics *** is designed to operate in a center-of-mass energy range from 2 to 7 GeV with a peak luminosity of 0.5×10^(35) cm^(–2)·s^(–1) or *** STCf will produce a data sample about a factor of 100 larger than that of the presentτ-charm factory—the BEPCII,providing a unique platform for exploring the asymmetry of matter-antimatter(charge-parity violation),in-depth studies of the internal structure of hadrons and the nature of non-perturbative strong interactions,as well as searching for exotic hadrons and physics beyond the Standard *** STCf project in China is under development with an extensive R&D *** document presents the physics opportunities at the STCf,describes conceptual designs of the STCf detector system,and discusses future plans for detector R&D and physics case studies.

关键词： electron–positron collider tau-charm region high luminosity STCf detector conceptual design

Rational design of AgGaS/ZnS/ZnS quantum dots with a near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield via double shelling scheme

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Journal of materials Science & Technology 2024年第2期169卷 235-242页

作者： h.x.lu h.liu Z.Z.fu y.y.Chen h.Q.Dai Z.hu W.l.Zhang R.Q.Guo Institute for Electric light Sources School of Information Science and TechnologyFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Institute of future lighting Academy for Engineering and TechnologyFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China yiwu Research Institute of fudan University YiwuZhejiang 322000China Zhongshan-fudan Joint Innovation Center Zhongshan 528437China

In this study,a two-step method was used to synthesize highly luminescent AgGaS/ZnS/ZnS quantum dots(QDs).In the first step,an inner ZnS shell was formed via a one-pot method,which resulted in a smaller lattice mismatch between the AgGaS core and the outer ZnS shell,thereby facilitating the formation of a thick outer *** the two-step shelling process,the synthesized AgGaS/ZnS/ZnS QDs showed an excellent photoluminescence quantum yield(PlQy)of 96.4%with a peak wavelength of 508 nm,repre-senting the highest PlQy reported thus far for AgGaS ***,the effect of halogen ions in Zn precursors on the shelling process was *** was proposed that the capacity of halogen ions to coordinate with the QDs influenced the balance between Zn cation diffusion and ZnS shelling ***,the ZnS shelling reaction was dominant when ZnCl_(2)was employed,while Zn cation diffusion was the dominant process under the I^(−)-rich *** work provides insights into the interfacial restructuring during the ZnS shelling and offers a clear map for the tailored synthesis of core/shell QDs.

关键词： AgGaS Quantum dots Photoluminescence Core/shell Alloyed core/shell interface

Electron kinetic effects in back-stimulated Raman scattering bursts driven by broadband laser pulses

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matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第4期9卷 54-67页

作者： Q.K.liu l.Deng Q.Wang x.Zhang f.Q.meng y.P.Wang y.Q.Gao h.B.Cai S.P.Zhu Graduate School China Academy of Engineering PhysicsBeijing 100088China Institute of Applied Physics and Computational mathematics Beijing 100094China School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Shanghai Institute of laser Plasma Shanghai 201800China heDPS Center for Applied Physics and TechnologyPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China School of Physics Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China

We examine electron kinetic effects in broadband-laser-driven back-stimulated Raman scattering(BSRS)bursts using particle-in-cell *** bursts occur during the nonlinear stage,causing reflectivity spikes and generating large numbers of hot ***-duration simulations are performed to observe burst events,and a simplified model is developed to eliminate the interference of the broadband laser’s random intensity *** the simplified model,we isolate and characterize the spectrum of electron plasma *** spectrum changes from a sideband structure to a turbulence-like structure during the burst.A significant asymmetry in the spectrum is *** asymmetry is amplified and transferred to electron phase space by high-intensity broadband laser pulses,leading to violent vortex-merging and generation of hot *** proportion of hot electrons increases from 6.76%to 14.7%during a single violent burst *** demonstrate that kinetic effects profoundly influence the BSRS evolution driven by broadband lasers.

关键词： scattering kinetic simplified

Gut microbial interactions based on network construction and bacterial pairwise cultivation

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Science China(life Sciences) 2024年第8期67卷 1751-1762页

作者： min-Zhi jiang Chang liu Chang xu he jiang yulin Wang Shuang-jiang liu State Key laboratory of microbial Technology Shandong UniversityQingdao 266000China State Key laboratory of microbial Resources and Environmental Microbiology Research Center(EMRC)Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Association networks are widely applied for the prediction of bacterial interactions in studies of human gut ***,the experimental validation of the predicted interactions is challenging due to the complexity of gut microbiomes and the limited number of cultivated *** this study,we addressed this challenge by integrating in vitro time series network(TSN)associations and cocultivation of TSN taxon *** samples were collected and used for cultivation and enrichment of gut microbiome on yCfA agar plates for 13 *** cells were harvested for DNA extraction and metagenomic sequencing.A total of 198 metagenome-assembled genomes(mAGs)were *** dynamics of bacteria growing on the yCfA agar were used to infer microbial association *** experimentally validate the interactions of taxon pairs in networks,we selected 24 and 19 bacterial strains from this study and from the previously established human gut microbial biobank,respectively,for pairwise *** co-culture experiments revealed that most of the interactions between taxa in networks were identified as neutralism(51.67%),followed by commensalism(21.67%),amensalism(18.33%),competition(5%)and exploitation(3.33%).Genome-centric analysis further revealed that the commensal gut bacteria(helpers and beneficiaries)might interact with each other via the exchanges of amino acids with high biosynthetic costs,short-chain fatty acids,and/or *** also validated 12 beneficiaries by adding 16 additives into the basic yCfA medium and found that the growth of 66.7%of these strains was significantly *** approach provides new insights into the gut microbiome complexity and microbial interactions in association *** work highlights that the positive relationships in gut microbial communities tend to be overestimated,and that amino acids,short-chain fatty acids,and vitamins are contributed to the positive relationships.

关键词： human gut microbiome gut microbial pairwise interaction co-culture association network microbial community