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考虑目标光谱差异的机载离散激光雷达叶面积指数反演

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遥感学报 2020年第12期24卷 1450-1463页

作者：田罗屈永华 korhonen Lauri Korpela Ilkka Heiskanen Janne 北京师范大学遥感科学国家重点实验室北京100875 北京师范大学地理科学学部遥感与工程研究院北京市陆表遥感数据产品工程技术研究中心北京100875 东芬兰大学森林科学学院东芬兰70210 赫尔辛基大学地理科学学部赫尔辛基00100 赫尔辛基大学大气与地球系统研究所赫尔辛基00100

利用间隙率模型反演LAI(Leaf Area Index),需要同时获取冠层间隙率和消光系数,后者与冠层叶倾角分布有关。基于点云数量构建激光雷达穿透指数LPI(LiDAR Penetration Index),用以代替冠层间隙率GF(Gap Fraction),并利用间隙率模型反演冠... 详细信息

利用间隙率模型反演LAI(Leaf Area Index),需要同时获取冠层间隙率和消光系数,后者与冠层叶倾角分布有关。基于点云数量构建激光雷达穿透指数LPI(LiDAR Penetration Index),用以代替冠层间隙率GF(Gap Fraction),并利用间隙率模型反演冠层LAI是利用LiDAR PCD(LiDAR Point Cloud Data)数据反演冠层LAI主要思路。冠层和背景的光谱差异是影响PCD数据中冠层和背景点云数量的重要因素,因此从LPI到GF的校正需要获取背景和冠层的后向散射系数比(μ=ρg/ρv)。本文基于PCD数据中点云强度进行μ值获取,用以实现LPI到GF的校正;在假设区域内叶倾角满足椭球形叶倾角分布的基础上,利用样地尺度下的多角度GF,采用有约束的非线性最优化方法获取椭球形叶倾角分布参数χ,实现冠层消光系数的获取;最后利用间隙率模型实现基于PCD数据的LAI反演。本文探讨了基于PCD数据进行冠层LAI反演时,样地尺度Rxy_Tile、样方尺度Rxy_Plot以及进行背景和冠层分割的高度阈值Ht对模型的影响。结果显示,由于区域内地衣植被广泛覆盖,基于点云强度的μ值接近1,符合区域特点;经过μ值校正后的GF对冠层间隙率具有较好的反映能力(R2=0.78,RmSE=0.09);对于优势种明显的区域,基于样地尺度内多角度GF的χ值反演受样地内冠间大间隙的影响,选择合适的样地尺度能够减小LAI反演过程中的系统性误差;结合地面参考数据,确定的最优Rxy_Tile、Rxy_Plot和Ht分别为950 m、10 m和2.6 m,在此基础上反演的LAI与地面测量数据具有高度的一致性(R2=0.84,RmSE=0.51);与Rxy_Plot相比,基于间隙率模型的LAI反演对Ht的选择更为敏感。

关键词：遥感叶面积指数 LiDAR 间隙率消光系数目标光谱特性

Sedation of mink (<i>Neovison vison</i>) for Electrophysiological Procedures

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Open Journal of Veterinary medicine 2014年第4期4卷 29-34页

作者： Hannu T. korhonen mTT Agrifood Research Finland Animal Production Research Fur Animals Kannus Finland

The aim was to apply medetomidine sedation for electrophysiological measurements in mink (Neovison vison). Adult animals (N = 15) of standard type were used. Initially, sedation with an i.m. injection of medetomidine (Dorbene 0.20 ml, 200 micrograms) was used. However, sufficient sedation was not reached. The next step was to sedate with 0.8 ml of medetomidine (Dorbene 0.80 ml, 800 micrograms). These animals woke up and the experiment needed to be interrupted. The next animal was injected with 1 ml of medetomidine (Dorbene 1 ml, 1 mg) but it never got sufficiently sedated. The fifth and sixth animals were sedated with combination of 0.8 mg medetomidine and butorphanol (Butador) (2 mg in one mink and 4 mg in another). These animals got sedated to some extent so that the electroencephalography (EEC) recording was possible. The further animals (N = 9) were sedaded with the combination of the 0.4 mg medetomidine (Dorbene 0.4 ml, 400 micrograms) and 10 mg tiletamine with 10 mg zolazepam (Zoletil 0.2 ml). The combination of Dorbene (0.4 ml) and Zoletil (0.2 ml) were mixed within one syringe and injected intramuscularly. The rest of mink got the same combination of anesthetics and all animals reached the sufficient level of sedation to measure properly electroencephalography (EEC), electrocardiography (ECG), respiratory rate and brainstem auditory evoked responses (BAER).

关键词： mink Anaesthesia Procedures Electrophysiology Brain Sedatives Animal Welfare

Exposure of Kenyan population to aflatoxins in foods with special reference to Nandi and makueni counties

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Food Quality and Safety 2017年第2期1卷 131-137页

作者： E.K.Kang’ethe m.Gatwiri A.J.Sirma E.O.Ouko C.K.mburugu-musoti P.m.Kitala G.J.Nduhiu J.G.Nderitu J.K.mungatu V.Hietaniemi V.Joutsjoki H.J.korhonen Department of Public Health Pharmacology and ToxicologyNairobiKenya Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology NairobiKenya ministry of Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries Veterinary Laboratories KabetePrivate Bag KabeteNairobiKenya Natural Resources Institute Finland LUKEJokioinenFinland

Aflatoxins cause acute and chronic health and production effects in humans and animals,*** study reports on the exposure of the Kenyan population to the two mycotoxins in two counties(Nandi and makueni)using children younger than 5 years as the proxy.A questionnaire was administered,which captured knowledge of the incidences of acute aflatoxin poisoning,food consumption *** of aflatoxin in samples of urine,breast milk,maize,sorghum,and millet was done using cELISA and *** and sorghum are used in the weaning formula of *** difference in consumption of maize-and sorghum-based diets in children between younger than 1 and between 1 and 5 years was significant with P=0.037 and P=0.002,respectively,in Nandi and *** children younger than 5 years,the consumption of maize ranged from 0.1 to 0.25 kg per person per day in Nandi and makueni with an aflatoxin exposure rate of 0.011 and 0.49μg per kg body weight(bwt)per day,*** exposure to aflatoxin through milk for children younger than 5 years was 4×10^(−4) and 1×10^(−4)μg per kg bwt per day in makueni and Nandi,*** exposure of nursing children through breast milk was 6×10^(−3) and 1×10^(−6)μg per kg bwt per day in makueni and Nandi,*** younger than 30 months in makueni had 1.4 times higher levels of aflatoxin m1(AFm1)in urine than those of the same age in *** stunting and severe stunting rates in makueni and Nandi were 28.7%,18.5%and 30.7%,16.5%,***,there is need for urgent mitigation measures,a constant surveillance program,strict regulations,and awareness creation directed at poor households to reduce dietary exposure to mycotoxins.

关键词： Aflatoxins Contamination Exposure Kenya.

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在含氮气氛中的等离子处理十年的进展

表面工程 1989年第1期 33-39页

作者： A.S.korhonen J.m.molarius m.S.Sulonen 徐冰仲

在过去十年中,用于加热和表面处理的辉光放电工艺在许多工业领域取得了愈来愈有价值的应用,其应用范围从微电子元件的处理和光学应用到表面硬化和沉积耐磨的薄膜与涂层。虽然通常,辉光放电过程的物理细节及其所形成的涂层或表面层的微... 详细信息

在过去十年中,用于加热和表面处理的辉光放电工艺在许多工业领域取得了愈来愈有价值的应用,其应用范围从微电子元件的处理和光学应用到表面硬化和沉积耐磨的薄膜与涂层。虽然通常,辉光放电过程的物理细节及其所形成的涂层或表面层的微观结构不完全清楚,然而只要适当调整工艺条件就能产生用一般常规方法难于得到的各种有用组织。新近的例子有沉积高耐磨的氮化钛涂层和钛制零件的等离子氮化。本文将评述这些工艺的基本区别和应用,并指出一些进一步发展的倾向。

关键词：表面硬化氮化钛涂层辉光放电表面处理组织零件沉积工艺氯化高耐磨

Occurrence of mycotoxins in food,feed,and milk in two counties from different agro-ecological zones and with historical outbreak of aflatoxins and fumonisins poisonings in Kenya

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Food Quality and Safety 2017年第3期1卷 161-169页

作者： E.K.Kang’ethe A.J.Sirma G.murithi C.K.mburugu-mosoti E.O.Ouko H.J.korhonen G.J.Nduhiu J.K.mungatu V.Joutsjoki E.Lindfors S.Ramo Department of Public Health Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of NairobiBox 29053-00625 NairobiKenya ministry of Agriculture Livestock and FisheriesPrivate Bag KabeteNairobiKenya Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Box 62000-00200NairobiKenya Natural Resources Institute Finland LUKE Jokioinen F1-31600JokioinenFinland Finnish Food Safety Authority EVIRA mustialankatu 3 00790HelsinkiFinland

Aflatoxins and fumonisins contaminate cereals during pre-and post-harvest *** this study,household or market maize,sorghum,millet,cow or goat milk,and animal feed samples collected from two counties(makueni and Nandi)of Kenya and were analyzed for aflatoxins and fumonisins using competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and confirmation with high performance liquid *** was a significant difference(Pme grown and market-sourced maize,sorghum,and millet *** makueni,24.8%of home maize and 44.6%of the market maize samples exceeded the 10 ppb limit for *** all,93%and 90%of the maize samples were contaminated with fumonisins and 34%and 6%exceeded the 2 ppm limit in makueni and Nandi,respectively;30%and 37%of homegrown sorghum and millet samples exceeded the 10 ppb limit for aflatoxin in makueni and Nandi,respectively;and 89%and 81%of homegrown millet samples in makueni and Nandi,respectively,were positive for fumonisins and 22%and 7%in makueni and Nandi,respectively,exceeded the 2 ppm fumonisins *** total,52%and 87%of the milk samples in Nandi and makueni,respectively,were contaminated with aflatoxin m1 and 8%of the samples from makueni exceeded the 50 ppt *** is an urgent need to build capacity among the households on cheap,practical,and effective technologies that would reduce the proportions of food samples contaminated with aflatoxins and fumonisins.

关键词： aflatoxins fumonisins contamination cereals agro-ecological zones Kenya.

吸入性类固醇与色甘酸钠在降低哮喘患儿住院率方面的差异

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（儿科学分册） 2005年第5期1卷 10-11页

作者： korhonen K. Dunder T. Klaukka T. 李开 Department of Paediatr ics Kuopio University Hospital PO Box 1777 FIN-70 211 Kuopio Finland

Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate the characteristics of ho spital admissions in two child populations receiving different types of drugs as their regular medication for steady-state asthma. methods: Annual data on chil dren aged under 16 y treated for asthma, including consumption of regular medica tion for asthma, numbers of hospital periods, lengths of hospitalizations and an nual proportions of readmissions, were collected using patient-specific medical records from 1995 to *** the Kuopio province, on average, 35.6-36.7/100 0 children were on maintenance for asthma, of which 23%were receiving cromones, 51%were taking inhaled steroids and 26%were treated with cromones plus interm ittent steroids. In the Oulu province, the respective prevalence was 32.7-34. 9/1000, and the respective proportions were 5%, 93%and 2%. Results: Total and first admissions, as well as hospital days were clearly less in the Oulu provin ce. In the children aged ≥6 y, the average annual total admissions were 0.3/10 00 (Oulu) vs 1.2/1000 (Kuopio) (p milarly, the first admissions we re 0.2/1000 vs 1.0/1000 (p missions 6.3%vs 19 .3%(p mbers of hospital days 0.7/1000 vs 3.8/1000 (p me direction, though less prominent, also amon g children 2-5 y of age. Conclu sion: Our results suggest that inhaled steroids are better than cromones in pr eventing admissions for asthma when two provinces with different practices for m aintenance medication of steady-state asthma were compared.

关键词：色甘酸钠住院率岁下类固醇治疗医疗记录入院率地区发病率入院人数常规用药药物治疗

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子女患癌症1年后父母的生活状况

世界核心医学期刊文摘（儿科学分册） 2005年第5期1卷 13-14页

作者： Lhteenmki P. m. Sjblom J. korhonen T. Salmi T. T. 李开 Department of Paediatrics Turku University Hospital Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8 FIN-20520 Turku Finland

Aim: To evaluate the impact of childhood cancer on the life of the parents. me thod: A 1-y follow-up study, with two time points for questionnaires, was comp leted in 21 out of 26 eligible families, and there were 46 control families matc hed by mothers’educational status. Results: Half of the mothers worked outside home during the first year of their child’s illness. The perceived amount of lo st family income was high during the first few months. The attitudes of the pare nts were fairly positive as their family life and spouse relations were concerne d. Feelings of being under strain or stressed were, by the mothers, described as intolerable in the beginning. However, standardized anxiety assessment failed t o show an increase in feelings of anxiety. Own health was rated significantly ne gative by cancer parents. Conclusions: Despite good family relationships, a need for supportive measures exists, especially during the first few months, and in -depth interviews by psychologists or special nurses might be a way of finding out possible anxiety. The perceived feelings of own health may also be an indica tor of the level of distress. Parent support groups could also do more to offer opportunities of physical activities for the parents, not merely disease-relate d information and group discussions.

关键词：生活状况幼年时期态度表现患儿父母问卷调查情绪高涨收入损失体育活动

患和不患支气管肺发育不良的超低出生体重的学龄期儿童的心血管异常

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（儿科学分册） 2005年第11期1卷 37-38页

作者： korhonen P. Hydynmaa E. Lautamatti V. O. Tammela 平智广 Paediatric Research Centre Tampere University Hospital P.O. Box 2000 Fin-33521 Tampere Finland

Background: With the introduction of new therapies in peri-and neonatology, the clinical picture of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) seems to alter. The consequences of this “new BPD”are of interest. Aim: To evaluate cardiovascular findings during the surfactant era in very low birthweight (VLBW, birth weight methods: At 7-8 years of age, 34 VLBW children with BPD born in one hospital underwent blood pressure (BP) measurement, electrocardiography (ECG), two-dimensional Doppler and m-mode echocardiography, flow-volume spirometry and whole-body plethysmography. The age-and sex-matched control groups comprised 34 VLBW children without BPD (no-BPD group) and 34 term children (term group). Results: The mean(SD) diastolic BP was significantly higher in the no-BPD than in the BPD group (65(9) vs. 59(8) mm Hg, pme intervals corrected for heart rate. The results of all m-mode measurements were within normal range. Compared to term controls, the BPD cases had lower mean(SD) forced expiratory flow in 1 s (90(14)%vs. 99(11)%of ref., pmore often high ratio of residual volume to total lung capacity (15(52%) vs. 4(13%), pm to evince indirect signs of elevated pulmonary pressure. The increased pulmonary vascular resistance associated with BPD appears to resolve with time more rapidly than abnormalities in respiratory function.

关键词：学龄期儿童低体重儿足月产临床征象新生儿科肺通气围生期超声心动描记性别匹配临床相关性

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麻醉与镇痛 2011年第4期7卷 46-55页

作者： matthias Haenggi, mD Heidi Ypparila-Wolters, PhD Sarah Buerki, cand. med Rebekka Schlauri, cand. med Ilkka korhonen, PhD Jukka Takala, mD, PhD Stephan m. Jakob, mD, PhD 马競(译) 王焱林(校) Department of Intensive Care medicine Bern University Hospital and University of Bern Bern Switzerland VTF Technical Research Centre of Finland Tampere Finland 不详

背景包括镇静评分和常规镇静暂停在内的镇静方案，有助干减少机械通气时间和重症监护病房（ICU）入住时间。因临床上对于镇静深度的评估工作量大、仅能间断进行且干扰镇静和睡眠，所以通过脑电生理信号评估镇静深度的替代方法已经开始... 详细信息

背景包括镇静评分和常规镇静暂停在内的镇静方案，有助干减少机械通气时间和重症监护病房（ICU）入住时间。因临床上对于镇静深度的评估工作量大、仅能间断进行且干扰镇静和睡眠，所以通过脑电生理信号评估镇静深度的替代方法已经开始倍受青睐：我们想明确听觉诱发相关电位（ERPs）、脑电双频指数（BIS）和墒（Entropy）是否也能够评估临床镇静深度。方法选择10例择期全麻下行胸部或腹部手术的患者。手术后进入ICU，逐渐减少丙泊酚和瑞芬太尼靶控镇静程度[采用Rickmond Agitation镇静评分（RASS），-5分极深镇静，-4分深度镇静，-3～-1分中度镇静，0分清醒]期间，记录脑电图、BIS、状态熵（SE）、反应墒（RE）和ERPs。手术前或手术后数天测量指标的相关基础水平。结果基线、PASS-5分、RASS-4分、RASS-3至-1分和PASS-0分，对应的BIS值分别是94[4]（中位数，四分位数间距）、47[15]、68[9]、75[10]和88[6]；对应的SE值分别是87[3]、46[10]、60[22]、74[21]和87[5]；对应的RE值分别是97[4]、48[9]、71[25]、81[8]和96[3]（P〈0．05，Friedman检验）。BIS和墒都有高变异度。当单独考虑ERP振幅100时，各个镇静水平的ERPs值差异无显著性：但是、复括双参数主要变量分析的ERP辨别分析显示区别深度镇静、中度镇静和清醒状态的推算概率PK大约是0．89。与PK对应的RE，SE和BIS值分别是0．88、0．89和0．85。结论ERPs、BIS和熵均不能替代基于标准评分系统的临床镇静评估。全麻后对于极深镇静、深度到中度镇静和清醒的辨别，ERPs和脑电图仅能提供相似的PK值。BIS和熵存在较高的个体间和个体自身变异度，使其难以确定预测镇静水平的目标值范围，因而在危重患者中的使用受到限制。ERPs的变异度还不清楚。

关键词：脑电双频指数重症监护病房镇静评分危重患者相关电位听觉诱发状态熵 Friedman