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Dietary supplementation of zinc oxide modulates intestinal functionality during the post-weaning period in clinically healthy piglets

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第1期15卷 313-328页

作者： Dirkjan Schokker Soumya k.kar Els Willems Alex Bossers Ruud A.Dekker Alfons J.m.Jansman Wageningen Bioveterinary Research LelystadThe Netherlands Wageningen Livestock Research Wageningen University&ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands Royal Agrifirm Group ApeldoornThe Netherlands Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences Utrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands

Background To improve our understanding of host and intestinal microbiome interaction,this research investigated the effects of a high-level zinc oxide in the diet as model intervention on the intestinal microbiome and small intestinal functionality in clinically healthy post-weaning piglets.In study 1,piglets received either a high concentration of zinc(Zn)as zinc oxide(Zn O,Zn,2,690 mg/kg)or a low Zn concentration(100 mg/kg)in the diet during the post weaning period(d 14–23).The effects on the piglet's small intestinal microbiome and functionality of intestinal tissue were investigated.In study 2,the impact of timing of the dietary zinc intervention was investigated,i.e.,between d 0–14 and/or d 14–23 post weaning,and the consecutive effects on the piglet's intestinal functionality,here referring to microbiota composition and diversity and gene expression profiles.Results Differences in the small intestinal functionality were observed during the post weaning period between piglets receiving a diet with a low or high concentration Zn O content.A shift in the microbiota composition in the small intestine was observed that could be characterized as a non-pathological change,where mainly the commensals inter-changed.In the immediate post weaning period,i.e.,d 0–14,the highest number of differentially expressed genes(DEGs)in intestinal tissue were observed between animals receiving a diet with a low or high concentration Zn O content,i.e.,23 DEGs in jejunal tissue and 11 DEGs in ileal tissue.These genes are involved in biological processes related to immunity and inflammatory responses.For example,genes CD59 and REG3G were downregulated in the animals receiving a diet with a high concentration Zn O content compared to low Zn O content in both jejunum and ileum tissue.In the second study,a similar result was obtained regarding the expression of genes in intestinal tissue related to immune pathways when comparing piglets receiving a diet with a high concentration Zn O content compared to low Zn O content.Conclusions Su

关键词： Immune system Intestinal functionality microbiota Piglets Zinc oxide

Rare earth-doped mixed Ni-Cu-Zn ferrites as an effective photocatalytic agent for active degradation of Rhodamine B dye

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第3期42卷 488-496,I0003页

作者： Swapnil A.Jadhav Sandeep B.Somvanshi Sudarshan S.Gawali kranti Zakde k.m.Jadhav Department of Physics Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada UniversityAurangabad431004MaharashtraIndia School of materials Engineering Purdue UniversityWest Lafayette 47906USA University Department of Basic and Applied Sciences MGM UniversityAurangabad431003MaharashtraIndia

In this study, a series of Gd^(3+)-doped mixed Ni-Cu-Zn ferrites with composition of Zn_(0.5)Ni_(0.3)Cu_(0.2)Fe_(2-x)Gd_(x)O_(4)(x = 0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.075, 0.1) was prepared using self-ignition sol-gel method. The prepared nanoparticles with an average size ranging from 22 to 26 nm show a single-phase cubic structure belonging to the spinel matrix. A rise in the Gd^(3+)concentration leads to an increase in crystallite size and lattice parameter. In Fourier transform infrared spectra, two main absorption bands belonging to the spinel structure are observed. The high-frequency bands(v_(1)) represent the tetrahedral complex, while the lowfrequency bands(v_(2)) signify the octahedral complex. The optical bandgap of the nanoferrites is found within the range of 2.91 to 2.41 eV, depending on their size. The magnetic characteristics of the material,such as saturation magnetization and coercivity are significantly altered with the concentration of Gd^(3+)in the solution. Using Rhodamine B(RhB) as a model organic pollutant, an in-depth investigation of the photocatalytic activity of the compounds was carried out. The present outcomes show that adding an adequate amount of Gd^(3+)significantly enhances the number of hydroxyl radicals produced by the ferrite,in turn, increasing the photocatalytic activity of the material. mechanism elucidated by scavenger studies reveals that ·OH and holes are the primary reactive radicals responsible for the degradation process.Prepared photocatalysts show an insignificant performance loss in five consecutive cycles. Thus, it is concluded that these photocatalysts are highly suitable for the remediation of dye-contaminated wastewater.

关键词： Gd^(3+)substitution Spinel ferrite Structural properties magnetic properties Photocatalysis Rare earths

Impact of device resistances in the performance of graphene‑based terahertz photodetectors

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Frontiers of Optoelectronics 2024年第2期17卷 87-97页

作者： O.Castelló Sofía m.López Baptista k.Watanabe T.Taniguchi E.Diez J.E.Velázquez-Pérez Y.m.meziani J.m.Caridad J.A.Delgado-Notario Department of Applied Physics University of Salamanca37008 SalamancaSpain Unidad de Excelencia en Luz y materia Estructurada(LUmES) University of Salamanca37008 SalamancaSpain Research Center for Electronic and Optical materials National Institute for Materials Science1-1 NamikiTsukuba 305-0044Japan Research Center for materials Nanoarchitectonics National Institute for Materials Science1-1 NamikiTsukuba 305-0044Japan Nanotechnology Group USAL-NanolabUniversity of Salamanca37008 SalamancaSpain

In recent years,graphene field-effect-transistors(GFETs)have demonstrated an outstanding potential for terahertz(THz)photodetection due to their fast response and high-sensitivity.Such features are essential to enable emerging THz applications,including 6G wireless communications,quantum information,bioimaging and security.However,the overall performance of these photodetectors may be utterly compromised by the impact of internal resistances presented in the device,so-called access or parasitic resistances.In this work,we provide a detailed study of the influence of internal device resistances in the photoresponse of high-mobility dual-gate GFET detectors.Such dual-gate architectures allow us to fine tune(decrease)the internal resistance of the device by an order of magnitude and consequently demonstrate an improved responsivity and noise-equivalent-power values of the photodetector,respectively.Our results can be well understood by a series resistance model,as shown by the excellent agreement found between the experimental data and theoretical calculations.These findings are therefore relevant to understand and improve the overall performance of existing high-mobility graphene photodetectors.

关键词： Graphene THz Photodetector Field-effect transistor Plasmonic

Empirical model for fusion cross sections of Ca-induced reactions

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第3期48卷 126-132页

作者： Reddi Rani.L N.Sowmya k.N Sridhar H C.manjunatha m.m.Armstrong Arasu Department of Physics St.Joseph's College(Autonomous)Affiliated to Bharathidasan UniversityTiruchirappalli620002TNIndia Department of Physics Govt.First.Grade CollegeChikkaballapur-562101KarnatakaIndia Department of Physics Govt.First.Grade CollegeMalur-563160KarnatakaIndia Department of Physics Govt.First.Grade CollegeDevanahalli-562110KarnatakaIndia

A new empirical formula for the astrophysical S-factor has been suggested as a function of the Coulomb interaction parameter,center of mass energy,and barrier height.About 22 fusion reactions with ^(40,48)Ca as projectiles were considered for different targets,leading to compound nuclei with atomic and mass numbers varying between 40≤Z≤≤Z≤112 and 88≤A≤27888≤A≤278,respectively.The fusion cross-sections have been estimated using the geometric factor,the Gamow-Sommerfield factor,and the empirical formula for the S-factor.This study's findings showed better agreement with those of available experiments when compared to Wong's formula.The present work leads to a smaller standard deviation value than Wong's formula when used to correlate the experimental data of calcium-induced fusion reactions.Wong's formula provides a good approximation of fusion cross-sections when the center of mass energy is below the fusion barrier when compared to above the fusion barrier.

关键词： fusion cross-sections Wong formula Gamow-Sommerfield-factor Geometric-factor S-factor

Effect of solidification cooling rate on microstructure and tribology characteristics of Zn-4Si alloy

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International Journal of minerals,metallurgy and materials 2024年第2期31卷 362-373页

作者： F.Akbari m.Golkaram S.Beyrami G.Shirazi k.mantashloo R.Taghiabadi m.Saghafi Yazdi I.Ansarian Department of metallurgy and material Science Imam Khomeini International University(IKIU)Qazvin ***Iran

The main objective of this work was to modify the microstructure and enhance the tribological properties of a new Zn-4Si al-loy through a high solidification cooling rate(SCR).According to the results,by increasing the SCR from 2.0 to 59.5℃/s the average size of primary Si particles and that of the grains reduced from 76.1 and 3780μm to less than about 14.6 and 460μm,respectively.Augment-ing the SCR also enhanced the microstructural homogeneity,decreased the porosity content(by 50%),and increased the matrix hardness(by 36%).These microstructural changes enhanced the tribological behavior.For instance,under the applied pressure of 0.5 mPa,an in-crease in the SCR from 2.0 to 59.5℃/s decreased the wear rate and the average friction coefficient of the alloy by 57%and 23%,respect-ively.The wear mechanism was also changed from the severe delamination,adhesion,and abrasion in the slowly-cooled alloy to the mild tribolayer delamination/abrasion in the high-cooling-rate-solidified sample.

关键词： zinc-silicon alloy primary silicon solidification cooling rate tribology sliding wear

A new technique for fault diagnosis in transformer insulating oil based on infrared spectroscopy measurements

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High Voltage 2024年第2期9卷 319-335页

作者： mohamed m.F.Darwish mohamed H.A.Hassan Nagat m.k.Abdel-Gawad matti Lehtonen Diaa-Eldin A.mansour Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering at ShoubraBenha UniversityCairoEgypt Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation School of Electrical EngineeringAalto UniversityEspooFinland Department of Electrical Power Engineering Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology(E-JUST)New Borg El-Arab CityEgypt Department of Electrical Power and machines Engineering Faculty of EngineeringTanta UniversityTantaEgypt

Condition monitoring of the insulating system within power transformers has a massive importance according to the electrical utilities.Dissolved gas analysis(DGA)is frequently used for this purpose.However,DGA lacks the necessary level of accuracy to identify all equipment faults,particularly in their initial stages of degradation.Also,it does not have the capability for real-time monitoring and relies on manual sampling and laboratory testing,causing potential delays in fault identification.Additionally,the interpretation of DGA data necessitates specialised expertise,which may pose difficulties for smaller entities that have limited access to resources.Therefore,the contribution of this research is to use infrared spectroscopy measurements as a new effective technique substituting the DGA method for fault diagnosis in insulating oil.The inception faults that were considered in this study were the electrical fault(discharges of high energy)and the thermal fault(300°Cmperaturemulation processes inside the laboratory for both types of inception faults.Subsequently,six samples of pure paraffinic mineral oil were taken to be degraded in the laboratory.Following that,all of them besides another sample that were not subjected to any kind of faults were taken to be examined by Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy to obtain an overview of the oil's behaviour in each fault case.After that,the FTIR analysis was initially verified utilising the DGA method.Then,for further affirmation,the dielectric dissipation factor(DDF)for all samples was measured.In the final analysis,the verification tests provide experimental evidence about the outperformance of this new optical technique in detecting the transformer's inception faults in addition to proving its potential for being a superior alternative to the well-known traditional diagnostic techniques.

关键词： fault diagnosis spectroscopy

Adaptive marine Predator Optimization Algorithm(AOmA)-Deep Supervised Learning Classification(DSLC)based IDS framework for mANET security

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Intelligent and Converged Networks 2024年第1期5卷 1-18页

作者： m.Sahaya Sheela A.Gnana Soundari Aditya mudigonda C.kalpana k.Suresh k.Somasundaram Yousef Farhaoui Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr.Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and TechnologyChennai 600069India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Saveetha School of EngineeringSIMATSChennai 602105India JNIAS School of Planning and Architecture Hyderabad 500034India Department of Computer Science and Engineering NPR College of Engineering and TechnologyNatham Dindigul 624401India Department of Computer Science and Engineering PSNA College of Engineering and TechnologyPoolangulathupatti 620009India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sri Muthukumaran Institute of TechnologyChennai 600069India Department of Computer Science Moulay Ismail UniversityMeknes 5003Morocco

Due to the dynamic nature and node mobility,assuring the security of mobile Ad-hoc Networks(mANET)is one of the difficult and challenging tasks today.In mANET,the Intrusion Detection System(IDS)is crucial because it aids in the identification and detection of malicious attacks that impair the network’s regular operation.Different machine learning and deep learning methodologies are used for this purpose in the conventional works to ensure increased security of mANET.However,it still has significant flaws,including increased algorithmic complexity,lower system performance,and a higher rate of misclassification.Therefore,the goal of this paper is to create an intelligent IDS framework for significantly enhancing mANET security through the use of deep learning models.Here,the min-max normalization model is applied to preprocess the given cyber-attack datasets for normalizing the attributes or fields,which increases the overall intrusion detection performance of classifier.Then,a novel Adaptive marine Predator Optimization Algorithm(AOmA)is implemented to choose the optimal features for improving the speed and intrusion detection performance of classifier.moreover,the Deep Supervise Learning Classification(DSLC)mechanism is utilized to predict and categorize the type of intrusion based on proper learning and training operations.During evaluation,the performance and results of the proposed AOmA-DSLC based IDS methodology is validated and compared using various performance measures and benchmarking datasets.

关键词： Intrusion Detection System(IDS) Security mobile Ad-hoc Network(mANET) min-max normalization Adaptive marine Predator Optimization Algorithm(AOmA) Deep Supervise Learning Classification(DSLC)

Analysis of the Impact of the Blazhko Effect Both on the Van Hoof Effect and Radial Velocity Amplitude in the Star RR Lyr

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第6期24卷 255-274页

作者： Y.El jariri F.L.Sefyani A.Benhida Z.Benkhaldoun k.kolenberg k.Chafouai A.Habib m.Sabil Observatoire de l'Oukaimeden LPHEA FSSM Université Cadi Ayyad Observatoire de l'Oukaimeden LPHEA FSTG Université Cadi Ayyad Département de physique Université d'Anvers LICPm ENSA-BM Université Sultan Moulay Slimane

The Van Hoof effect is a phase shift existing between the radial velocity curves of hydrogen and metallic lines within the atmosphere of pulsating stars. In this article, we present a study of this phenomenon through the spectra of the brightest pulsating star RR Lyr of RR Lyrae stars recorded for 22 yr. We based ourselves, on the one hand,on 1268 spectra(41 nights of observation) recorded between the years 1994 and 1997 at the Observatory of Haute Provence(OHP, France) previously observed by Chadid and Gillet, and on the other hand on 1569 spectra(46nights of observation) recorded at our Oukaimeden Observatory(morocco) between 2015 and 2016. Through this study, we have detected information on atmospheric dynamics that had not previously been detected. Indeed, the Van Hoof effect which results in a clear correlation between the radial velocities of hydrogen and those of the metallic lines has been observed and analyzed at different Blazhko phases. A correlation between the radial velocities of different metallic lines located in the lower atmosphere has been observed as well. For the first time,we were able to show that the amplitude of the radial velocity curves deduced from the lines of hydrogen and that of Fe Ⅱ(λ4923.921 ?) increases toward the minimum of the Blazhko cycle and decreases toward the maximum of the same Blazhko cycle. Furthermore, we found that the Van Hoof effect is also modulated by the Blazhko effect.Thus, toward the minimum of the Blazhko cycle the Van Hoof effect is more visible and at the maximum of the Blazhko cycle, this effect is minimal. We also observed the temporal evolution of the amplitudes of the radial velocities of the lower and upper atmosphere. When observed over a long time, we can interpret it as a function of the Blazhko phases.

关键词： shock waves stars: atmospheres stars: individual (RR Lyr) stars: variables: RR Lyrae techniques: radial velocities techniques: spectroscopic

Effect of age on the standardized ileal amino acid digestibility of soybean meal and canola meal in broilers

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 11-22页

作者： mukti Barua m.Reza Abdollahi Faegheh Zaefarian Timothy J.Wester Channarayapatna k.Girish Peter V.Chrystal Velmurugu Ravindran monogastric Research Center School of Agriculture and Environment Massey University Department of Animal Science and Nutrition Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University Nutrition and Care Animal NutritionEvonik (SEA) Pte. Ltd Complete Feed Solutions

Standardized ileal digestibility coefficients (SIDC) of nitrogen (N) and amino acids (AA) in two protein sources (soybean meal [SBm] and canola meal [Cm]) were investigated at six broiler ages (d 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42). Two assay diets were formulated to contain either SBm (413 g/kg) or Cm (553 g/kg) as the sole dietary AA source. Titanium dioxide (5 g/kg) was added as an indigestible marker. A total of 696 male broilers at 1 d old were allotted to 12 replicate cages per age group. Each assay diet was offered to birds for 4 d prior to the ileal digesta collection on d 7 (14 birds/cage), 14 (12 birds/cage), 21 (10 birds/cage), 28 (8 birds/cage), 35 (8 birds/cage) and 42 (6 birds/cage), respectively. The apparent digestibility coefficients were standardized using age-specific basal endogenous AA flows. In the SBm group, though the SIDC of N tended to be influenced (quadratic; P=0.075) by age, no linear or quadratic response of age effect was observed on the average SIDC of indispensable (IAA) and total AA (TAA). An age effect (quadratic; Pm with the highest value recorded at d 7, followed by a decrease from d 14 to 28, which increased beyond d 35. The SIDC of some individual AA (Arg, Thr, Trp, Cys, Pro) were affected (Pmanner by age. In the Cm, the SIDC of N, average SIDC of IAA, DAA and TAA were influenced (quadratic; Pm d 7 to 14, declined at d 21, and then increased beyond d 28. The average SIDC of IAA was low between d 7 and 28 and increased thereafter. The SIDC of individual AA were affected (linear or quadratic; Pmagnitudes by age. The age influence on the SIDC AA was variable, depending on the protein source and AA. The results demonstrate that age-specific SIDC AA data might need consideration in broiler feed formulations.

关键词： Age Amino acid Broiler Digestibility Protein source